基本介紹
- 中文名:官能團
- 外文名:functional group
導致的異構
化學性質
其它性質
烴基
分類 | 官能團名稱 | 化學式 | 英文前綴 | 英文後綴 |
---|---|---|---|---|
RH | alkyl- | -ane | ||
R2C=CR2 | alkenyl- | -ene | ||
炔基 | RC≡CR' | alkynyl- | -yne | |
苯及衍生物 | RC6H5 RPh | phenyl- | -benzene | |
甲苯及衍生物 | RCH2C6H5 RBn | benzyl- | 1-(substituent)toluene |
含鹵素取代基
分類 | 取代基名稱 | 化學式 | 英文前綴 | 英文後綴 |
---|---|---|---|---|
鹵代 | RX | halo- | alkylhalide | |
氟代烷 | 氟代 | RF | fluoro- | alkylfluoride |
氯代 | RCl | chloro- | alkylchloride | |
溴代烷 | 溴代 | RBr | bromo- | alkylbromide |
碘代烷 | 碘代 | RI | iodo- | alkyliodide |
含氧
分類 | 官能團名稱 | 化學式 | 英文前綴 | 英文後綴 |
---|---|---|---|---|
鹵代甲醯基 | RCOX | haloformyl- | -oyl halide | |
ROH | hydroxy- | -ol | ||
RCOR' | keto-, oxo- | -one | ||
RCHO | aldo- | -al | ||
ROCOOR | alkylcarbonate | |||
羧酸根 | RCOO | carboxy- | -oate | |
RCOOH | carboxy- | -oic acid | ||
ROR' | alkoxy- | alkyl alkylether | ||
RCOOR' | alkyl alkanoate | |||
氫過氧化物 | 氫過氧基 | ROOH | hydroperoxy- | alkylhydroperoxide |
過氧基 | ROOR | peroxy- | alkylperoxide |
含氮
分類 | 官能團名稱 | 化學式 | 英文前綴 | 英文後綴 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RCONH2 | carboxamido- | -amide | |||
RNH2 | amino- | -amine | |||
R2NH | amino- | -amine | |||
R3N | amino- | -amine | |||
季銨鹽 季銨陽離子 | R4N | ammonio- | -ammonium | ||
一級酮亞胺 | RC(=NH)R' | imino- | -imine | ||
二級酮亞胺 | RC(=NR)R' | imino- | -imine | ||
一級醛亞胺 | RC(=NH)H | imino- | -imine | ||
二級醛亞胺 | RC(=NR')H | imino- | -imine | ||
RC(=O)NC(=O)R' | imido- | -imide | |||
疊氮根 | RN3 | azido- | alkylazide | 疊氮苯 | |
RN2R' | azo- | -diazene | |||
氰酸酯 | 氰酸酯 | ROCN | cyanato- | alkylcyanate | |
RNC | isocyano- | alkylisocyanide | |||
RNCO | isocyanato- | alkylisocyanate | |||
RNCS | isothiocyanato- | alkylisothiocyanate | |||
硝酸酯 | 硝酸酯 | RONO2 | nitrooxy-, nitroxy- | alkylnitrate | |
RCN | cyano- | alkanenitrile alkylcyanide | |||
亞硝酸酯 | 亞硝酸酯 | RONO | nitrosooxy- | alkylnitrite | |
RNO2 | nitro- | ||||
RNO | nitroso- | ||||
吡啶及衍生物 | 吡啶基 | RC5H4N | 4-pyridyl (pyridin-4-yl) 3-pyridyl (pyridin-3-yl) 2-pyridyl (pyridin-2-yl) | -pyridine |
含磷硫
分類 | 官能團名稱 | 化學式 | 英文前綴 | 英文後綴 |
---|---|---|---|---|
R3P | phosphino- | -phosphane | ||
HOPO(OR)2 | phosphoric acid di(substituent) ester | di(substituent) hydrogenphosphate | ||
亞磷酸酯 | RP(=O)(OH)2 | phosphono- | substituentphosphonic acid | |
磷酸酯 | ROP(=O)(OH)2 | phospho- | ||
硫醚 | RSR' | di(substituent) sulfide | ||
磺醯基 | RSO2R' | sulfonyl- | di(substituent) sulfone | |
磺酸基 | RSO3H | sulfo- | substituentsulfonic acid | |
亞磺醯基 | RSOR' | sulfinyl- | di(substituent)sulfoxide | |
RSH | mercapto-, sulfanyl- | -thiol | ||
硫氰酸酯 | 硫氰酸酯 | RSCN | thiocyanato- | alkylthiocyanate |
RSSR' | alkyl alkyl disulfide |