雉科(學名:Phasianidae):有4族、44屬、168種、577個亞種,為雞形目最大科。頭頂常具羽冠或肉冠。嘴粗短而強,上嘴先端微向下曲,但不具鉤;鼻孔不為羽毛所掩蓋著。翅稍短圓。尾長短不一,尾羽或呈平扁狀,或呈側扁狀。跗蹠裸出,或僅上部被羽,雄性常具距,但有時雌雄均有;趾完全裸出,後趾位置較高於他趾。雌雄同色或異色;若異色時,雄者羽色華麗。
可分為鶉和雉兩大類,其中雉包括雉族、眼斑雉族和孔雀族。中國雉科物種非常豐富,有21屬49種,尤以西南地區為多,擁有世界近1/3的種類,其中大約1/3是中國的特產種,超過一半的種類是國家重點保護野生動物,素有“雉類王國”之稱。原產於東南亞的原雞(Gallus gallus)已經被馴化成家雞,成為人們最熟悉和與人類關係最密切的鳥類。雉科物種廣泛分布於歐洲、亞洲和非洲。
基本介紹
形態特徵
棲息環境
生活習性
分布範圍
繁殖方式
該科種類
中文名稱 | 學名 | 命名者及年代 | |
---|---|---|---|
一 | 剛果孔雀屬 | Afropavo | Chapin, 1936 |
1 | Afropavo congensis | Chapin, 1936 | |
二 | Alectoris | Kaup, 1829 | |
2 | Alectoris barbara | Bonnaterre, 1792 | |
3 | Alectoris chukar | J. E. Gray, 1830 | |
4 | Alectoris graeca | Meisner, 1804 | |
5 | Alectoris magn | Przewalski, 1876 | |
6 | Alectoris melanocephala | Ruppell, 1835 | |
7 | Alectoris philbyi | Lowe, 1934 | |
8 | Alectoris rufa | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
三 | Ammoperdix | Gould, 1851 | |
9 | Ammoperdix griseogularis | Brandt, 1843 | |
10 | Ammoperdix heyi | Temminck, 1825 | |
四 | Anurophasis | Oort, 1910 | |
11 | Anurophasis monorthonyx | Oort, 1910 | |
五 | Arborophila | Hodgson, 1837 | |
12 | Arborophila ardens | Styan, 1892 | |
13 | Arborophila atrogularis | Blyth, 1849 | |
14 | Arborophila brunneopectus | Blyth, 1855 | |
15 | Arborophila cambodiana | Delacour & Jabouille, 1928 | |
16 | Arborophila campbelli | Robinson, 1904 | |
17 | Arborophila chaltonii | Eyton, 1845 | |
18 | Arborophila chloropus | Blyth, 1859 | |
19 | Arborophila crudigularis | Swinhoe, 1864 | |
20 | Arborophila davidi | Delacour, 1927 | |
21 | Arborophila gingica | Gmelin, 1789 | |
22 | Arborophila hyperythra | Sharpe, 1879 | |
23 | Arborophila javanica | Gmelin, 1789 | |
24 | Arborophila mandellii | Hume, 1874 | |
25 | Arborophila merlini | Delacour & Jabouille, 1924 | |
26 | Arborophila orientalis | Horsfield, 1821 | |
27 | Arborophila rolli | Rothschild, 1909 | |
28 | Arborophila rubrirostris | Salvadori, 1879 | |
29 | Arborophila rufipectus | Boulton, 1932 | |
30 | Arborophila rufogularis | Blyth, 1849 | |
31 | Arborophila sumatrana | Ogilvie-Grant, 1891 | |
32 | Arborophila torqueola | Valenciennes, 1825 | |
六 | 大眼斑雉屬 | Argusianus | Gray, 1849 |
33 | Argusianus argus | Linnaeus, 1766 | |
七 | Bambusicola | Gould, 1863 | |
34 | Bambusicola fytchii | Anderson, 1871 | |
35 | Bambusicola thoracica | Temminck, 1815 | |
八 | 銹紅林鷓鴣屬 | Caloperdix | Blyth, 1861 |
36 | Caloperdix oculea | Temminck, 1815 | |
九 | 彩雉屬 | Catreus | Cabanis, 1851 |
37 | Catreus wallichii | Hardwicke, 1827 | |
十 | Chrysolophus | J. E. Gray, 1834 | |
38 | Chrysolophus amherstiae | Leadbeater, 1829 | |
39 | Chrysolophus pictus | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
十一 | Coturnix | Bonnaterre, 1791 | |
40 | Coturnix coromandelica | Gmelin, 1789 | |
41 | Coturnix coturnix | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
42 | Coturnix delegorguei | Delegorgue, 1847 | |
43 | Coturnix japonica | Temminck & Schlegel, 1849 | |
44 | Coturnix novaezelandiae | Quoy & Gaimard, 1830 | |
45 | Coturnix pectoralis | Gould, 1837 | |
十二 | Crossoptilon | Hodgson, 1838 | |
46 | Crossoptilon auritum | Pallas, 1811 | |
47 | Crossoptilon crossoptilon | Hodgson, 1838 | |
48 | Crossoptilon harmani | Elwes, 1881 | |
49 | Crossoptilon mantchuricum | Swinhoe, 1863 | |
十三 | 鳳頭鷓鴣屬 | Dendroperdix | Roberts, 1922 |
50 | Dendroperdix sephaena | A. Smith, 1836 | |
十四 | Francolinus | Stephens, 1819 | |
51 | Francolinus francolinus | Linnaeus, 1766 | |
52 | Francolinus gularis | Temminck, 1815 | |
53 | Francolinus pictus | Jardine & Selby, 1828 | |
54 | Francolinus pintadeanus | Scopoli, 1786 | |
55 | Francolinus pondicerianus | Gmelin, 1789 | |
十五 | Galloperdix | Blyth, 1845 | |
56 | Galloperdix bicalcarata | J. R. Forster, 1781 | |
57 | Galloperdix lunulata | Valenciennes, 1825 | |
58 | Galloperdix spadicea | Gmelin, 1789 | |
十六 | Gallus | Brisson, 1760 | |
59 | Gallus gallus | J. F. W. Herbst, 1803 | |
60 | Gallus lafayetii | Lesson, 1831 | |
61 | Gallus sonneretii | Temminck, 1813 | |
62 | Gallus varius | Shaw, 1798 | |
十七 | 紅頭鷓鴣屬 | Haematortyx | Sharpe, 1879 |
63 | Haematortyx sanguiniceps | Sharpe, 1879 | |
十八 | Ithaginis | Wagler, 1832 | |
64 | Ithaginis cruentus | Hardwicke, 1821 | |
十九 | 雪鶉屬 | Lerwa | Hodgson, 1837 |
65 | Lerwa lerwa | (Hodgson, 1833 | |
二十 | Lophophorus | Temminck, 1813 | |
66 | Lophophorus impejanus | Latham, 1790 | |
67 | Lophophorus lhuysii | A. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1866 | |
68 | Lophophorus sclateri | Jerdon, 1870 | |
二十一 | Lophura | Fleming, 1822 | |
69 | Lophura bulweri | Sharpe, 1874 | |
70 | Lophura diardi | Bonaparte, 1856 | |
71 | Lophura edwardsi | Oustalet, 1896 | |
72 | Lophura erythrophthalma | Raffles, 1822 | |
73 | Lophura ignita | Shaw, 1797 | |
74 | Lophura inornata | Salvadori, 1879 | |
75 | Lophura leucomelanos | Latham, 1790 | |
76 | Lophura nycthemera | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
77 | Lophura pyronota | G. R. Gray, 1834 | |
78 | Lophura rufa | Raffles, 1822 | |
79 | Lophura swinhoii | Gould, 1863 | |
80 | Lophura ×imperialis | Delacour & Jabouille, 1924 | |
二十二 | 馬島鶉屬 | Margaroperdix | Reichenbach, 1853 |
81 | Margaroperdix madagarensis | Scopoli, 1786 | |
二十三 | Melanoperdix | Jerdon, 1864 | |
82 | Melanoperdix nigra | Vigors, 1829 | |
二十四 | Meleagris | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
83 | Meleagris gallopavo | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
84 | Meleagris ocellata | Cuvier, 1820 | |
二十五 | 喜馬拉亞鶉屬 | Ophrysia | Bonaparte, 1856 |
85 | Ophrysia superciliosa | J. E. Gray, 1846 | |
二十六 | Pavo | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
86 | Pavo cristatus | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
87 | Pavo muticus | Linnaeus, 1766 | |
二十七 | Peliperdix | Bonaparte, 1856 | |
88 | Peliperdix albogularis | Hartlaub, 1854 | |
89 | Peliperdix coqui | Smith, A, 1836 | |
90 | Peliperdix lathami | Hartlaub, 1854 | |
91 | Peliperdix schlegelii | Heuglin, 1863 | |
二十八 | Perdicula | Hodgson, 1837 | |
92 | Perdicula argoondah | Sykes, 1832 | |
93 | Perdicula asiatica | Latham, 1790 | |
94 | Perdicula erythrorhyncha | Sykes, 1832 | |
95 | Perdicula manipurensis | Hume, 1881 | |
二十九 | Perdix | Brisson, 1760 | |
96 | Perdix dauuricae | Pallas, 1811 | |
97 | Perdix hodgsoniae | Hodgson, 1857 | |
98 | Perdix perdix | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
三十 | Phasianus | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
99 | Phasianus colchicus | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
100 | Phasianus versicolor | Vieillot, 1825 | |
三十一 | Polyplectron | Temminck, 1813 | |
101 | Polyplectron bicalcaratum | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
102 | Polyplectron chalcurum | Lesson, 1831 | |
103 | Polyplectron germaini | Elliot, 1866 | |
104 | Polyplectron inopinatum | Rothschild, 1903 | |
105 | Polyplectron katsumatae | Rothschild, 1906 | |
106 | Polyplectron malacense | Scopoli, 1786 | |
107 | Polyplectron napoleonis | Lesson, 1831 | |
108 | Polyplectron schleiermacheri | Brüggemann, 1877 | |
三十二 | Pternistis | Wagler, 1832 | |
109 | 紅嘴彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis adspersus | Waterhouse, 1838 |
110 | 紅喉彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis afer | Statius Müller, 1776 |
111 | 褐頂彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis ahantensis | Temminck, 1854 |
112 | 黑額彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis atrifrons | Conover, 1930 |
113 | 雙距彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis bicalcaratus | Linnaeus, 1766 |
114 | 喀麥隆彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis camerunensis | Alexander, 1909 |
115 | 南非彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis capensis | Gmelin, 1789 |
116 | 栗枕彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis castaneicollis | Salvadori, 1888 |
117 | 紅眶彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis clappertoni | Children & Vigors, 1826 |
118 | 棕頂彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis erckelii | Rüppell, 1835 |
119 | 灰紋彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis griseostriatus | Ogilvie-Grant, 1890 |
120 | 哈氏彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis hartlaubi | Bocage, 1869 |
121 | 海氏彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis harwoodi | Blundell & Lovat, 1899 |
122 | 希氏彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis hildebrandti | Cabanis, 1878 |
123 | 黃嘴彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis icterorhynchus | Heuglin, 1863 |
124 | 肯亞彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis jacksoni | Ogilvie-Grant, 1891 |
125 | 黃頸彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis leucoscepus | Gray, 1867 |
126 | 納塔爾彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis natalensis | A. Smith, 1833 |
127 | 艷彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis nobilis | Reichenow, 1908 |
128 | 淡腹彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis ochropectus | Dorst & Jouanin, 1952 |
129 | 灰胸彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis rufopictus | Reichenow, 1887 |
130 | 鱗斑彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis squamatus | Cassin, 1857 |
131 | 斯氏彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis swainsonii | Smith, 1836 |
132 | 斯維彩鷓鴣 | Pternistis swierstrai | Roberts, 1929 |
三十三 | Ptilopachus | Swainson, 1837 | |
133 | Ptilopachus nahani | Dubois, 1905 | |
134 | Ptilopachus petrosus | Gmelin, 1789 | |
三十四 | 勺雞屬 | Pucrasia | G. R. Gray, 1841 |
135 | Pucrasia macrolopha | Lesson, 1829 | |
三十五 | 眼斑雉屬 | Rheinardia | Maingonnat, 1882 |
136 | Rheinardia ocellata | Elliot, 1871 | |
三十六 | Rhizothera | G. R. Gray, 1841 | |
137 | Rhizothera longirostris Rhizothera dulitensis | Temminck, 1815 Ogilvie-Grant, 1895 | |
三十七 | 冕鷓鴣屬 | Rollulus | Bonnaterre, 1791 |
138 | Rollulus roulroul | copoli, 1786 | |
三十八 | Scleroptila | Blyth, 1852 | |
139 | Scleroptila afra | Latham, 1790 | |
140 | 埃爾貢環頸鷓鴣 | Scleroptila elgonensis | Ogilvie-Grant, 1891 |
141 | 芬氏環頸鷓鴣 | Scleroptila finschi | Bocage, 1881 |
142 | 橙翅斑環頸鷓鴣 | Scleroptila gutturalis | Rüppell, 1835 |
143 | Scleroptila levaillantii | Valenciennes, 1825 | |
144 | 高地環頸鷓鴣 | Scleroptila psilolaema | G. R. Gray, 1867 |
145 | 謝氏環頸鷓鴣 | Scleroptila shelleyi | Ogilvie-Grant, 1890 |
146 | Scleroptila streptophora | Ogilvie-Grant, 1891 | |
147 | 懷特環頸鷓鴣 | Scleroptila whytei | Neumann, 1908 |
三十九 | Synoicus | Gould, 1843 | |
148 | Synoicus adansonii | Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851 | |
149 | Synoicus chinensis | Linnaeus, 1766 | |
150 | Synoicus ypsilophorus | Mayr & Gilliard, 195 | |
四十 | Syrmaticus | Wagler, 1832 | |
151 | Syrmaticus ellioti | Swinhoe, 1872 | |
152 | Syrmaticus humiae | Hume, 1881 | |
153 | Syrmaticus mikado | Ogilvie-Grant, 1906 | |
154 | Syrmaticus reevesii | J. E. Gray, 1829 | |
155 | Syrmaticus soemmerringii | Temminck, 1830 | |
四十一 | Tetraogallus | J. E. Gray, 1832 | |
156 | Tetraogallus altaicus | Gebler, 1836 | |
157 | Tetraogallus caspius | S. G. Gmelin, 1784 | |
158 | Tetraogallus caucasicus | Pallas, 1811 | |
159 | Tetraogallus himalayensis | G. R. Gray, 1843 | |
160 | Tetraogallus tibetanus | Gould, 1854 | |
四十二 | Tetraophasis | Elliot, 1871 | |
161 | Tetraophasis obscurus | J. Verreaux, 1869 | |
162 | Tetraophasis szechenyii | Madarász, 1885 | |
四十三 | Tragopan | Cuvier, 1829 | |
163 | Tragopan blythii | Jerdon, 1870 | |
164 | Tragopan caboti | Gould, 1857 | |
165 | Tragopan melanocephalus | J. E. Gray, 1829 | |
166 | Tragopan satyra | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
167 | Tragopan termminckii | J. E. Gray, 1831 | |
四十四 | Xenoperdix | D, L, S, Hansen & Fjeldså, 1994 | |
168 | Xenoperdix udzungwensis | D, L, S, Hansen & Fjeldså, 1994 |