本公約於1910年9月23日在布魯塞爾召開的第三屆海洋法外交會議上通過，1931年3月1日生效。 本條例適用於海上航行，也適用於內河航行。對於遇難的海船、船上財物和客貨運費的救助，以及海船和內河船舶相互之間的救助，不論屬於任何一種，也不論發生在何種水域，都適用本條例。
基本介紹
- 中文名：統一有關海上救助的若干法律規則的公約
- 通過時間：1910年9月23日
- 生效時間：1931年3月1日
- 通過會議：第三屆海洋法外交會議
統一海上救助若干法律規則的國際公約
簡介
本公約於1910年9月23日在布魯塞爾召開的第三屆海洋法外交會議上通過，1931年3月1日生效。
簽約國名單略。
全文
第一條 救助服務適用於海上航行，也適用於內河航行
對於遇難的海船、船上財物和客貨運費的救助，以及海船和內河船舶相互之間的救助，不論屬於任何一種，也不論發生在何種水域，都適用下列規定。
第二條 報酬
凡已取得有益成果的每一項救助活動，都有權獲得公平的報酬。
如果所提供的服務並未產生有益的成果，便不應付與報酬。
在任何情況下，所付報酬的金額都不得超過獲救財物的價值。
第三條 阻止
雖經被救船舶明白、合理的拒絕但仍參與救助活動的人，無權要求任何報酬。
第四條 拖輪
拖輪對於被拖船舶或該船所載貨物的救助，無權要求報酬，除非它已提供不能被認為是履行拖帶契約的特殊服務。
第五條 同一船舶所有人的船舶
屬於同一船舶所有人的船舶之間的救助，也應給予報酬。
第六條 報酬金額
報酬金額根據當事人協定確定，協定不成，由法院決定。
救助人之間分配報酬的比例，也照此辦理。
每一救助船舶的船舶所有人、船長和船上其他工作人員之間對於報酬的分配，按船旗國法律規定辦理。
第七條 對協定的修改
在危險期間並在危險影響下訂立的任何救助協定，經當事一方請求，如果法院認為協定條件不公平，可以宣告該協定無效，或予以變更。
在任何情況下，如經證明當事一方同意的事項，因有欺詐或隱瞞而歸於無效，或所付報酬與救助服務相比，多得過分或少得過分，經受到影響一方的請求，法院可以宣告協定無效，或將該協定加以變更。
第八條 報酬的依據
確定報酬以下列各項為依據，由法院根據具體情況決定：（1）獲得效果的程度；救助人的努力與勞績；被救船舶、所載旅客、船員、貨物以及救助人和救助船舶所冒危險；救助工作所用時間、所耗費用和所受損失；救助人所冒責任上的風險和其他風險，以及冒上述風險的財務價值。如果救助船舶具有特殊用途，尚需加以考慮。（2）被救助財產的價值。
前述規定適用於第六條第2款規定的救助報酬的分配。
法院許可權：如果由於救助人本身的過失以致必須救助，或者救助人有盜竊、私受盜竊貨物或其他欺詐行為，法院得酌減或拒絕同意給予救助報酬。
第九條 獲救人員
不得向獲救人員索取報酬。但本條規定不得影響國內法在這方面的規定。
人命救助者的報酬份額：在發生海事時參加救助工作的人命救助者，對於船舶、貨物及其附屬品的救助者所獲的報酬，有權取得公平的分配份額。
第十條 訴訟時效
救助報酬請求權時效為兩年，自救助行為終止之日起算。
上述時效可以根據受訴法院所引用的法律而告中止或間斷。
保留延長時效的權利：各締約國有權以本國立法規定，如在上述時效期限內，未能在原告住所或主要營業地點所在國家領水內扣留獲救船舶，便應將上述時效期限延長。
第十一條 應當施與的救助
對於在海上發現的遭遇生命危險的每一個人，即使是敵人，只要對其船舶、船員和旅客不致造成嚴重危險，每一船長都必須施救。
船舶所有人對違反前款規定的事項，不承擔責任。
第十二條 應提議制定法律
各締約國的法規如不禁止違反前條規定的行為，便須採取措施，或建議其本國立法機關採取必要措施，以便防止違反上述規定的行為發生。
彼此通知有關的法律：各締約國應將為履行前款規定而已在其本國頒布或今後擬予頒布的法律或規章，儘速互相通知。
第十三條 公共組織等不受影響
本公約不影響國內法或國際條約中關於由公共機關組織或監督的救助工作的規定，特別是關於漁撈工具的救助規定。
第十四條 軍用船舶等
本公約不適用於軍用船舶或專門用於公務的政府船舶。
第十五條 各項規定的適用
在救助船舶或被救船舶屬於締約國所有以及在國內法有所規定的情況下，本公約各項規定適用於所有利害關係人，但是：
1． 非締約國：對於非屬締約國的利害關係人，每一締約國可在互惠條件下適用本公約的規定。
2． 國內法的適用：如所有利害關係人與受理案件的法院屬於同一國家，則應適用國內法，而不適用本公約。
3． 關於第十一條的限制：第十一條的規定，只在締約國所屬船舶之間適用。但這並不妨礙任何國內法對此作出更為廣泛的規定。
第十六條 將來的會議
任一締約國都有權在本公約生效之日起三年後，要求召開新的會議，以便對本公約進行可能的修改，特別是儘可能擴大其適用範圍。
通知：行使上述權利的國家，應通過比利時政府將其意圖通知其他國家。比利時政府則應安排於六個月內召開此項會議。
第十七條 接納非加入國
未曾簽署本公約的國家，可以申請加入本公約。加入本公約，應通過外交途徑通知比利時政府，並由比利時政府通知所有其他締約國政府。如此加入本公約，應自比利時政府發出通知之日起一個月後生效。
第十八條 批准 關於簽字的官方
通知 本公約須經批准
自本公約簽字之日起一年內，比利時政府應與已宣布擬行批准本公約的其他締約國取得聯繫，以便決定應否使本公約生效。
交存批准書：如已決定使本公約生效，便應將批准書立即交存布魯塞爾。本公約則於交存批准書一個月後生效。
交存記錄對於參加布魯塞爾會議各國，開放一年。過此期限以後，上述各國僅得依照第十七條規定，參加本公約。
第十九條 退出
如有締約國欲退出本公約，應自該國通知比利時政府之日起一年後生效，而本公約在其他締約國之間，仍然有效。
各締約國全權代表已在本公約上籤字蓋章，以昭信守。
1910年9月23日訂於布魯塞爾，共一份。
【名稱】 CONVENTION FOR THE UNIFICATION OF CERTAIN RULES OF LAW RELATION TOASSISTANCE AND SALVAGE AT SEA, 1910
【題注】
Whole document
Article 1
Assistance and salvage of seagoing vessels in danger, of any things on
board, of freight and passage money, and also services of the same nature
rendered by seagoing vessels to vessels of inland navigation or
vice-versa, are subject to the following provisions, without any
distinction being drawn between these two kinds of service (viz.,
assistance and salvage), and in whatever waters the services have been
rendered.
Article 2
Every act of assistance or salvage of which has had a useful result
gives a right to equitable remuneration.
No remuneration is due if the services rendered have no beneficial
result.
In no case shall the sum to be paid exceed the value of the property
salved.
Article 3
Persons who have taken part in salvage operations notwithstanding the
express and reasonable prohibition on the part of the vessel to which the
services were rendered, have no right to any remuneration.
Article 4
A tug has no right to remuneration for assistance to or salvage of the
vessel she is towing or of the vessel's cargo, except where she has
rendered exceptional services which cannot be considered as rendered in
fulfilment of the contract of towage.
Article 5
Remuneration is due notwithstanding that the salvage services has been
rendered by or to vessels belonging to the same owner.
Article 6
The amount of remuneration is fixed by agreement between the parties,
and, failing agreement, by the court.
The proportion in which the remuneration is to be distributed amongst
the salvors is fixed in the same manner.
The apportionment of the remuneration amongst the owner, master and
other persons in the service of each salving vessel shall be determined by
the law of the vessel's flag.
Article 7
Every agreement as to assistance or salvage entered into at the moment
and under the influence of danger may, at the request of either party, be
annulled, or modified by the court, if it considers that the conditions
agreed upon are not equitable.
In all cases, when it is proved that the consent of one of the parties
is vitiated by fraud or concealment, or when the remuneration is, in
proportion to the services rendered, in an excessive degree too large or
too small, the agreement may be annulled or modified by the court at the
request of the party affected.
Article 8
The remuneration is fixed by the court according to the circumstances
of each case, on the basis of the following considerations: (a) firstly,
the measure of success obtained, the efforts and deserts of the salvors,
the danger run by the salved vessel, by her passengers, crew and cargo, by
the salvors, and by the salving vessel; the time expended, the expenses
incurred and losses suffered, and the risks of liability and other risks
run by the salvors, and also the value of the property exposed to such
risks, due regard being had to the special appropriation (if any) of the
salvors' vessel for salvage purposes; (b) secondly, the value of the
property salved.
The same provisions apply for the purpose of fixing the apportionment
provided for by the second paragraph of Article 6.
The court may deprive the salvors of all remuneration, or may award a
reduced remuneration, if it appears that the salvors have by their fault
rendered the salvage or assistance necessary or have been guilty of theft,
fraudulent concealment, or other acts of fraud.
Article 9
No remuneration is due from persons whose lives are saved, but nothing
in this Article shall affect the provisions of the national laws on this
subject.
Salvors of human life, who have taken part in the services rendered on
the occasion of the accident giving rise to salvage or assistance, are
entitled to a fair share of the remuneration awarded to the salvors of the
vessel, her cargo, and accessories.
Article 10
A salvage action is barred after an interval of two years from the day
on which the operations of assistance or salvage terminate.
The grounds upon which the said period of limitation may be suspended
or interrupted are determined by the law of the court where the case is
tried.
The High Contracting Parties reserve to themselves the right to
provide, by legislation in their respective countries, that the said
period shall be extended in cases where it has not been possible to arrest
the vessel assisted or salved in the territorial waters of the State in
which the plaintiff has his domicile or principal place of business.
Article 11
Every master is bound, so far as he can do so without serious danger
to his vessel, her crew and her passengers, to render assistance to
everybody, even though an enemy, found at sea in danger of being lost.
The owner of a vessel incurs no liability by reason of contravention
of the above provision.
Article 12
The High Contracting Parties, whose legislation does not forbid
infringements of the preceding Article, bind themselves to take or to
propose to their respective Legislatures the measures necessary for the
prevention of such infringements.
The High Contracting Parties will communicate to one another as soon
as possible the laws or regulations which have already been or may be
hereafter promulgated in their States for giving effect to the above
provision.
Article 13
This Convention does not affect the provisions of national laws or
international treaties as regards the organization of services of
assistance and salvage by or under the control of public authorities, nor,
in particular, does it affect such laws or treaties on the subject of the
salvage of fishing gear.
Article 14
This Convention does not apply to ships of war or to Government ships
appropriated exclusively to a public service.
Article 15
The provisions of this Convention shall be applied as regards all
persons interested when either the assisting or salving vessel or the
vessel assisted or salved belongs to a State of the High Contracting
Parties, as well as in any other cases for which the national laws
provide.
Provided always that--
1. As regards persons interested who belong to a non-contracting State
the application of the above provisions may be made by each of the
contracting States conditional upon reciprocity.
2. Where all the persons interested belong to the same State as the
court trying the case, the provisions of the national law and not of the
Convention are applicable.
3. Without prejudice to any wider provisions of any national laws.
Article 11 only applies as between vessels belonging to the States of the
High Contracting Parties.
Article 16
Any one of the High Contracting Parties shall have the right, three
years after this Convention comes into force, to call for a fresh
Conference with a view to possible amendments, and particularly with a
view to extend, if possible, the sphere of its application.
Any Power exercising this right must notify its intention to the other
Powers, through the Belgian Government, which will make arrangements for
convening the Conference within six months.
Article 17
States which have not signed the present Convention are allowed to
accede to it at their request. Such accession shall be notified through
the diplomatic channel to the Belgian Government, and by the latter to
each of the Governments of the other Contracting Parties, it shall become
effective one month after the despatch of such notification by the Belgian
Government.
Article 18
The present Convention shall be ratified.
After an interval of at most one year from the date on which the
Convention is signed, the Belgian Government shall place itself in
communication with the Governments of the High Contracting Parties which
have declared themselves prepared to ratify the Convention, with a view to
decide whether it should be put into force.
The ratifications shall, if so decided, be deposited forthwith at
Brussels and the Convention shall come into force a month after such
deposit.
The Protocol shall remain open another year in favour of the States
represented at the Brussels Conference. After this interval they can only
accede to it in conformity with the provisions of Article 17.
Article 19
In the case of one or other of the High Contracting Parties denouncing
this Convention, such denunciation shall not take effect until a year
after the day on which it has been notified to the Belgian Government, and
the Convention shall remain in force as between the other Contracting
Parties.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the plenipotentiaries of the respective High
Contracting Parties have signed this Convention and have affixed thereto
their seals.
DONE AT BRUSSELS, in a single copy, September 23, 1910.
