杜鵑亞科(學名:Cuculinae):有14屬57種。外形似鴿,但稍細長。嘴強,嘴峰稍向下曲。翅具10枚初級飛羽。尾長闊,呈凸尾狀,有8-10尾羽。腳短弱,具4趾,第1、4趾向後,趾不相併。雌雄外形大體相似,幼鳥羽色與成鳥不同。中國最常見種為四聲杜鵑。頭頂和後頸暗灰色;頭側淺灰,眼先、頦、喉和上胸等色更淺 ;上體餘部和兩翅表面深褐色 ;尾與背同色,但近端處具一道寬黑斑。下體自下胸以後均白,雜以黑色橫斑。
雜食性,啄食松毛蟲、金龜甲及其他昆蟲,也吃植物種子。不營巢,在葦鶯、黑卷尾等的鳥巢中產卵,卵與寄主卵的外形相似。因嗜食昆蟲(尤其是毛蟲)而對農、林業有益,但對寄主的卵和雛鳥有相當害處,習性奇特,為鳥類中所罕見。廣泛分布於歐洲、亞洲和非洲 ,主要分布於東南亞。中國有9屬18種,分布遍及全國各地,長江以南最普遍。
(概述圖片參考資料來源:)
基本介紹
形態特徵
棲息環境
生活習性
分布範圍
繁殖方式
亞科物種
中文名稱 | 學 名 | 命名者及年代 | |
一 | 白冠杜鵑屬 | Caliechthrus | Cabanis & Heine, 1863 |
1 | Caliechthrus leucolophus | S. Muller, 1840 | |
二 | 八聲杜鵑屬 | Cacomantis | S. Müller, 1843 |
2 | 摩鹿加杜鵑 | Cacomantis aeruginosus | Salvadori, 1878 |
3 | Cacomantis castaneiventris | Gould, 1867 | |
4 | Cacomantis flabelliformis | Latham, 1802 | |
5 | Cacomantis merulinus | Scopoli, 1786 | |
6 | 灰腹杜鵑 | Cacomantis passerinus | Vahl, 1797 |
7 | Cacomantis sonneratii | Latham, 1790 | |
8 | Cacomantis variolosus | Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 | |
三 | 長尾鵑屬 | Cercococcyx | Cabanis, 1882 |
9 | Cercococcyx mechowi | Cabanis, 1882 | |
10 | Cercococcyx montanus | Chapin, 1928 | |
11 | Cercococcyx olivinus | Sassi, 1912 | |
四 | 金鵑屬 | Chalcites | Lesson, 1830 |
12 | Chalcites basalis | Horsfield, 1821 | |
13 | 黑尾金鵑 | Chalcites crassirostris | Salvadori, 1878 |
14 | Chalcites lucidus | Gmelin, 1788 | |
15 | 長嘴金鵑 | Chalcites megarhynchus | Gray, 1858 |
16 | Chalcites meyerii | Salvadori, 1874 | |
17 | Chalcites minutillus | Gould, 1859 | |
18 | Chalcites osculans | Gould, 1847 | |
19 | Chalcites ruficollis | Gould, 1868 | |
五 | 翠金鵑屬 | Chrysococcyx | Boie, 1826 |
20 | Chrysococcyx caprius | Boddaert, 1783 | |
21 | Chrysococcyx cupreus | Shaw, 1792 | |
22 | Chrysococcyx flavigularis | Shelley, 1880 | |
23 | Chrysococcyx klaas | Stephens, 1815 | |
24 | Chrysococcyx maculatus | Gmelin, 1788 | |
25 | Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus | Horsfield, 1821 | |
六 | 鳳頭鵑屬 | Clamator | Kaup, 1829 |
26 | Clamator coromandus | Linnaeus, 1766 | |
27 | Clamator glandarius | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
28 | Clamator jacobinus | Boddaert, 1783 | |
29 | Clamator levaillantii | Swainson, 1829 | |
七 | Cuculus | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
30 | Cuculus canorus | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
31 | Cuculus clamosus | Latham, 1802 | |
32 | Cuculus crassirostris | Walden, 1872 | |
33 | Cuculus gularis | Stephens, 1815 | |
34 | Cuculus lepidus | S.Müller, 1845 | |
35 | Cuculus micropterus | Gould, 1838 | |
36 | Cuculus poliocephalus | Latham, 1790 | |
37 | Cuculus rochii | Hartlaub, 1863 | |
38 | Cuculus saturatus | Blyth, 1843 | |
39 | Cuculus solitarius | Stephens, 1815 | |
八 | Eudynamys | Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 | |
40 | 太平洋噪鵑 | Eudynamys orientalis | Linnaeus, 1766 |
41 | Eudynamys scolopaceus | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
九 | Hierococcyx | Müller, 1845 | |
42 | Hierococcyx bocki | Ramsay, 1886 | |
43 | Hierococcyx fugax | Horsfield, 1821 | |
44 | Hierococcyx hyperythrus | Gould, 1856 | |
45 | Hierococcyx nisicolor | Blyth, 1843 | |
46 | Hierococcyx pectoralis | Cabanis & Heine, 1863 | |
47 | Hierococcyx sparverioides | Vigors, 1832 | |
48 | Hierococcyx vagans | S. Muller, 1845 | |
49 | Hierococcyx varius | Vahl, 1797 | |
十 | 黑頂鵑屬 | Microdynamis | Salvadori, 1878 |
50 | Microdynamis parva | Salvadori, 1876 | |
十一 | 厚嘴杜鵑屬 | Pachycoccyx | Cabanis, 1882 |
51 | Pachycoccyx audeberti | Schlegel, 1879 | |
十二 | 溝嘴鵑屬 | Scythrops | Latham, 1790 |
52 | Scythrops novaehollandiae | Latham, 1790 | |
十三 | 烏鵑屬 | Surniculus | Lesson, 1830 |
53 | Surniculus dicruroides | Hodgson, 1839 | |
54 | Surniculus lugubris | Horsfield, 1821 | |
55 | Surniculus musschenbroeki | Meyer, 1878 | |
56 | Surniculus velutinu | Sharpe, 1877 | |
十四 | 長尾杜鵑屬 | Urodynamis | Salvadori, 1880 |
57 | Urodynamis taitensis | Sparrman, 1787 |