基本介紹
文言倒裝,主謂倒置,賓語前置,狀語後置,定語後置,英語倒裝,完全倒裝,部分倒裝,分類,特殊句型,副詞so,高考例題,題目,答案與解析,
文言倒裝
主謂倒置
dào zhuāng
（注意：不要讀成dǎo zhuāng）
如，“甚矣，汝之不惠（慧）！”（《愚公移山》）另外，還有定語置於中心詞之後，修飾名詞的量詞放在名詞之後等特殊現象，因不常用，因此按下不表。
1、嘻！晏子之家若是其貧也！ （《晏子春秋·晏子辭千金》）
2、悲哉，世也！（《工之僑獻琴》）
賓語前置
例如：《碩鼠》：“三歲貫汝，莫我肯顧。”“莫我肯顧”應理解成“莫肯顧我”。
2、疑問句中代詞賓語前置
文言文中用疑問代詞“誰”、“何”、“奚”、“安”等做賓語時往往放在動詞的前面。
例如：《鴻門宴》：“良問曰：‘大王來何操？’”“何操”應理解為“操何”。
3、介詞賓語前置
4、普通賓語前置（略）
在一般性的賓語前置中，大家要注意語感。
§文言文中，動詞或介詞的賓語，一般置於動詞或介詞之後，但在一定條件下，賓語會前置，其條件是：
如：“沛公安在？”（《史記．項羽本記》）
這種類型的句子關鍵是作賓語的疑問代詞（像：誰、何、奚、曷、胡、惡、安、焉等）。值得注意的是，介詞“以”的賓語比較活躍，即使不是疑問代詞，也可以前置。如：“余是以記之，以俟觀人風者得焉。”（柳宗元《捕蛇者說》）其中的“是”是一般代詞，但也前置了。
第二、文言否定句中，代詞作賓語，賓語前置。
第三、用“之”或“是”把賓語提前取動詞前，以突出強調賓語。
古之人不余欺也。（不欺余） （蘇軾《石鐘山記》）。
天大寒，硯冰堅，手指不可屈伸，弗之怠。（弗怠之） (宋濂《送東陽馬生序》）
大王來何操? （操何） (司馬遷《鴻門宴》）
沛公安在? （在安） （同上）
子何恃而往? （侍何） (彭端淑《為學》）
不然，籍何以至此? （以何） （司馬遷《鴻門宴》）
一是用“之”或“是”把賓語提到前邊。例如：
唯利是圖（圖利）
狀語後置
例如：《鴻門宴》：“將軍戰河北，臣戰河南。”“戰河南”即“戰（於）河南”，應理解為“於河南戰”。《促織》：“覆之以掌”即“以掌覆之”應理解為“用手掌覆蓋（蟋蟀）”。
得雙石於潭上。（蘇軾《石鐘山記》）
君子博學而日參省乎己。（荀子《勸學》）
生乎吾前，其聞道也固先乎吾，吾從而師之。（韓愈《師說》）
為壇而盟，祭以尉首。（司馬遷《陳涉世家》）
定語後置
例如：
遂率子孫荷擔者三夫。（《列子·愚公移山》）
大閹之亂，紹紳而能不易其志者，四海之大，有幾人歟? （張溥《五人墓碑記》）
石之鏗然有聲者，所在皆是也。（蘇軾《石鐘山記》）
英語倒裝
完全倒裝
例如：
①The teacher came in and the class began.（沒有倒裝）
②In came the teacher and the class began. （老師走了進來，然後開始上課。）
2. there引出的完全倒裝句：除了最常見的there be句型以外，there還可以接appear,exist,lie,remain,seem to be,stand等，一般都譯成"有"的含義，構成完全倒裝句。
例如：
There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（遠處有個穿黑色衣服的人。）
3. 由地點和時間副詞引出的完全倒裝句：以地點副詞here,there和時間副詞now,then開頭，後面的動詞是be,come,exist,fall,follow,go,lie,remain,seem,stand（表移動或動態的不及物動詞）等，而主語又是名詞時，構成完全倒裝句。
例如：
Up climbed the boy when his mother came.
5. 在強調狀語時
例如：
① Up went the plane.
② In came the chairman and the meeting began.
例如：
① They rushed out!
② He bent Lower and lower.
① Round the corner walked a large policeman.
② Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.
例如：
① Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. （不屬於完全倒裝）
② Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.
例如：
① Here is a ticket for you.
② Now comes your turn.
③ Here he comes.
6. 以關聯詞so （…that）開頭的句子中，句子須倒裝。
例如：
① So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
② So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.
③ So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night.
7. 在敘事性書面語中，直接引語後常跟asked Mary,answered John,said the old lady,grunted Peter之類的詞語。在這些詞語中，動詞常在主語之前，主語是代詞時，不用倒裝。
例如：
①“What do you mean?” asked Henry.
②“What do you mean?” he asked.
8. often,many a time等表示頻度的狀語置於句首時
例如：
Often did they think of going there,but they never had a chance.
例如：
①Small as the atom is,we can smash it.
②Big as the workpiece is,it is turned out with.
注意：
例：
①Here comes the postman！（郵遞員終於來了！注意實意謂語動詞位於主語之前。）
②Here we are.（我們到了。注意系動詞位於主語代詞之後。）
例：
①Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.（他真幸運，被一所名牌大學錄取了。）
②Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.（中國典型的是相聲表演，兩個喜劇演員通過文字遊戲逗樂觀眾）
10.有時為了使句子平衡，或為了強調錶語，常把作表語的形容詞，過去分詞，不定式或介詞短語置於句首，此時需用完全倒裝。
Present at the meeting were experts on AIDS
部分倒裝
Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about（疾病沒有使他放棄過上夢想中的生活）
3) 以否定副詞開頭並加狀語放在句首的句子要求部分倒裝。這些否定副詞有barely,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely…… when,never,no sooner…… than,rarely,no more,not nearly,not only等以及only。 Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.
4）一些如scarcely……when,no sooner ……than,hardly……when引導的主從複合句主句要求使用過去完成式。 注意：在部分倒裝句中，只有助動詞、情態動詞或連繫動詞to be可以置於主語之前，其它部分都要置於主語之後。
5）此外，一些介詞+no+名詞的結構中需要用部分倒裝，這些結構包括at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in/under no circumstances; in no sense; in no way; on no account; on no consideration; at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. 注意：
a) 如果含有從句時，只要求主句倒裝： 例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.（只有當他已經說出那個字後才意識到自己犯了個大錯誤。）
例：It was not until he went abroad that he knew the truth of the fact.（直到他出國以後才了解到事實真相。）
c) 如果hardly,scarcely後面接的是any,ever,at all時，意義類似almost no/ not/ never（幾乎不、從不），則無須倒裝。
例：Hardly any people invited went there.（幾乎沒有什麼受到邀請的人去那裡了。）
例：I know nothing about this river,neither how long,how wide nor how deep it is.（我一點也不了解這條河，不知道它有多長，多寬或多深。）
7) 由as引導的部分倒裝句：
a) 當as作為比較意義時，即用於as + adj./ adv. + as結構中時，如果把第一個as省略掉，就形成部分倒裝句。
例：Cautious as the rest of her family (was),she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.（正如她家裡人一樣謹慎小心，她似乎不願意立即回答我的問題。）
She charged the stairs,quick as a rabbit (ran).（她跑上樓去，跑得象兔子那么快！）
b) 當 as引導讓步狀語時，和although,though一樣，當用作“儘管”之義時，可以用於部分倒裝句。
Hard as he worked,he did not pass the exam.（雖然他很用功，但他還是沒及格）
c) 表示原因時，為了強調起見，也可以倒裝。
例：Tired as he was,we decided not to disturb him.（因為他太累了，我們決定不打擾他。）
d) 等於so時，意義是“也，也是”
例：She worked hard,so/ as did her husband. （她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。）
so,neither,nor倒裝
a) 當so表示“也，相同，那樣”時，通常表示對前一句肯定句的贊同、一致內容，要求使用完全倒裝句：
He promised to finish my homework,so did I.
b) so /such ……that句型可以構成部分倒裝句，表示強調so /such和that之間的部分：
例：So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.
c）也存在such+be+主語的情況用以強調，例如Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man of great achievements.（阿爾伯特?愛因斯坦是一個有偉大成就的普通人）
d) neither和nor共有4種倒裝形式，其含義分別為：
1) 完全倒裝時：表示"也不"，和上文a）用法正好相反，表示對前一句否定句的贊同或一致內容。
例：You don't know what to do now,neither/ nor do I .（你不知道現在該做什麼，我也不知道。）
例：The besieged enemy could not advance,nor / neither could they retreat.（被包圍的敵人既不能進，也不能退。）（應該是部分倒裝-這裡不應該是“retreat could they”。括弧內此段可刪除）
注意：若把這句話改成："The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.（被包圍的敵人既不能進，也不能退。）"就不必倒裝。
She never laughed,nor did she ever lose her temper.
3) 用在肯定句里，構成一般否定倒裝：
例：All that is true,nor must we forget it.（那全都是真的，我們可不能忘記。）
部分倒裝作用
有承上啟下作用，表示同意和贊同：
例：A: I couldn't do anything for her.（我幫不了她。）
B: Nor you could,but you might have got somebody to help her.（你是不能幫她，但你本可以找人幫她的。）
例：America consumes more energy than did our country.（美國消耗的能源比我們國家多。）
3）在某些表示祝願的句型中要求倒裝。如May you happy.
不用倒裝的地方
註：如果only後面的詞組不是狀語，則不用倒裝.
Only Wang Ling knows this .
" Let's go," said the man .
分類
there be結構
在“there be”（或there + appear to be，come，exist,happen to be,lie,live,occur,remain,seem,seem to be,stand,used to be) 雪結構中，倒裝形式為完全倒裝。如：
There were many students in the reading room in this evening.
今晚閱覽室里有許多學生。
There is a TV set,a stereo system and a number of chairs in the sitting room.
客廳里有一台電視機，一套組合音響和一些椅子。
here，there，now，then等引起的倒裝
Here comes the bus.
公共汽車來了。
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.
你久盼的信在這兒。
Here they are. 他們在這兒。
省略if的非真實條件狀語從句中的倒裝
虛擬結構中的條件從句省去if時，were,had,should須移至主語之前。如：
Had you worked harder at college,you would have got better job.
如果你在大學期間讀書用功些，現在就會找到一份更好的工作。
Were he better qualified,he would apply for the position.
要是他的條件再好些，他就申請這個職位。
what，how引起的倒裝
以What,how開頭的感嘆句（表語或賓語提前）。如：
What beautiful weather (it is)!
多好的天氣啊！（表語提前）
What a lovely picture he painted!
他畫了一張多好的畫啊！（賓語提前）
疑問詞或連線詞引起的倒裝
在疑問詞或連線詞whether等引起的從句中。如：
Whatever you may say,I won’t go there.
What book he wants is not clear.
他要什麼書還不清楚。（主語從句中賓語提前）
否定詞位於句首時引起的倒裝
（1). never，seldom，hardly，little，few等引起的倒裝
否定詞never，seldom，rarely，hardly，barely，scarcely，little，few等位於句首時所引起的倒裝句通常為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時，則為完全倒裝形式。如：
Never shall I forget the days when you were with us.
我絕對不會忘記你和我們在一起的日子。。
(2). nowhere，no longer，no more等引起的倒裝
nowhere（無處），no longer（不再），no more（也不）等否定詞位於句首時所引起的倒裝句通常為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時，則為完全倒裝形式：
No longer was he in charge of this work.
他不再負責這項工作了。
(3). not until，not a，not in the least等引起的倒裝
not until（直到……才），not a（一個……也沒有），not in the least（一點兒也不），not for a minute/moment（一點兒也不）等位於句首時，通常引起倒裝（not a之後的名詞作主語時除外），其形式通常為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時，則為完全倒裝形式。如：
Not until all the demands had been turned down did the workers decide to go on strike.
一直到所有的要求遭到拒絕之後，工人們才決定罷工。
Not once did he talk to me.
他一次也沒有和我談過。
(4). under no circumstances，by no means，in no way等引起的倒裝
in/under no circumstances（無論如何不），by no means （決不），in no case （無論如何不），in no way （決不），on no account （決不可），on no condition（決不）等短語位於句首時所引起的倒裝句通常為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時，則為完全倒裝形式。如：
In no case must force be resorted to.
決不準許訴諸武力。
By no means is it true that all English people know their own language well.
並非所有的英國人都通曉該國語。
關聯連詞位於句首時引起的倒裝
（1). not only...but also引起的倒裝
not only...but also位於句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時形式或一般過去時形式，則為完全倒裝形式。如：Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties,but also we should try our best to overcome them.
我們不僅應該不怕困難，而且應該盡最大努力去克服它們。
(2). neither...nor引起的倒裝
neither...nor位於句首引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時，則為完全倒裝形式。如：
Neither Peter wanted the responsibility，nor did his wife.
彼得不想擔此責任，他妻子也不想擔此責任。
(3). hardly...when/no sooner...than引起的倒裝
hardly/scarcely/barely...when或no
sooner...than位於句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時，則為完全倒裝形式。如：
Hardly had he arrived when/No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again.
他剛到就又被請走了。
(4). so...that引起的倒裝
so...that位於句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時，則為完全倒裝形式。如：
So angry was he (He so angry) that he couldn’t speak.
他如此憤怒，以致說不出話來。
(5). such...that引起的倒裝
such...that位於句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時，則為完全倒裝形式。如：
Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.
爆炸的威力如此之大，以致所有的窗戶都被震破了。
only引起的倒裝
Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用這種方法，你才可以解決這個問題。
Only yesterday did I finish this the book.
到昨天我才讀完那本書。
表語位於句首時所引起的倒裝
當作表語的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等位於句首時，常常引起倒裝，其形式為完全倒裝：
Aristotle says，“Plato is dear to me，but dearer still is truth.”
Present at the meeting were Professor Smith，Professor Brown，Sir Hugh and many other celebrities.
到會的有史密斯教授、勃朗教授、休爵士以及許多其他知名人士。
狀語位於句首時所引起的倒裝
Away went the runners.
賽跑手們刷地跑開了。
Down came the rain.
雨嘩地落下來了。
Next to the table is a chair.
桌旁有把椅子。
At the South Pole lies Antarctica,the coldest and most desolate region on earth.
南極洲位於南極，它是地球上最寒冷和最荒涼的地區。
狀語從句中的倒裝
（1).讓步狀語從句中的倒裝
as引導的讓步狀語從句中的倒裝：
Tires as he was,he continued the work.
雖然他累了，但是仍然繼續工作。
(2).方式狀語從句中的倒裝
He believed，as did all his family，that the king was the supreme lord.
他和他全家人一樣，都認為國王是至高無上的君主。
(3).比較狀語從句的倒裝
than引導的比較狀語從句中的倒裝：
Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than does eastern Nebraska.
內布拉斯加西部地區的降雪通常比東部地區少。
the more...，the more...結構中的倒裝
在以the more...， the more...引導的倒裝結構中，採用部分倒裝；如果主句的主語較長，可將謂語動詞置於主語之前，形成完全倒裝。如：
The more books you read（賓語提前），the wider your knowledge is（表語提前）．
書讀得越多，知識就越淵博。
特殊句型
用於有直接引語的句型中
--“What do you mean?” asked Henry. （or：…Henry asked.）
--“Perhaps he isn’t a bad sort of chap after all，” remarked Dave.
--“I am aware of that，” replied the Englishman.
--“Please go away，” said one child. “ And don't come back，” pleaded another.
--“What do you mean?” he asked.
--“Who’s paying?” shouted the fat man at the corner. “You are，” I answered.
用於表示祝願/意願的句型
這種祈求性虛擬語氣一般只用於幾種相當固定的說法中。如：
--Long live the People’s Republic of China!
--Far be it from me to spoil the fun.
--May you live a long and happy life!
--May the best man win!
--May he never set foot in this house again!
--May you break your neck!
用於 “so…that…”句型中
把so置於句首的情形下，需要部分倒裝。如：
--So absurd did he look that everyone stared at him.
--So suspicious did he become that…
--So vigorously did he protest that the authorities reconsidered his case.
用於as之後，表示狀態和相似
倒裝在文學體裁中有時出現在as之後，例如：
--She traveled a great deal,as did most of her friends.
--The present owner is a keen art collector,as were several of her ancestors.
--She looks forward,as does her secretary,to the completion of the building.
在條件和讓步分句中
a. 用於條件句中
表達虛擬的if從句（非真實條件從句）中的if可以省略，句子呈現倒裝。例如：
--Were I Tom I would refuse. (=If I were Tom…）
--Had I known what was going to happen,I would never have left her alone. （=If I had known …）
--Should you change your mind,no one would blame you. (= If you should change…）
b. 用於以as,though引導的表達讓步的從句中
在這樣的分句中，句子部分倒裝。如果是though作引導詞，句子可以用倒裝也可以不用倒裝，而如果是as為引導詞，則一定要用倒裝。如：
--Eloquent though/as she was,she could not persuade them. （or: Though she was eloquent…）
--Child though Tom was then,he had to earn his living. (= Though Tom was a child then…）
--Change your mind as you will,you will gain no additional support.
另外，that也可以象as,though一樣用於倒裝方式表示讓步。如：
--Fool that he was,he managed to evade his pursuers. （= Even though he was a fool…）
--Poor that they were,they gave money to charity. （= Even though they were poor…）
用於感嘆句
--Isn’t it cold! 真冷！
--Am I fed up! 我膩煩死了！
--Did he look annoyed! 他看來可氣惱了！
副詞so
這類倒裝主要見於以下兩種情形：
1. 當副詞so後接形容詞或副詞位於句首時，其後要用部分倒裝。如：
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天氣太冷，我們只好呆在家裡。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我們幾乎沒法想像它的速度。
So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 襲擊來得非常突然，我們來不及逃跑。
You are young and so am I. 你年輕，我也年輕。
She likes music and so do I. 她喜歡音樂，我也喜歡。
If he can do it,so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。
【典型考題】（答案分別為BBA)
1. So difficult _________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found
2. _________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
A. so curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
3. —It’s burning hot today,isn’t it?—Yes. _________ yesterday.
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it
(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情況，要表示後者也屬於同樣的否定情況，則應將其中的so改為neither或nor。如：
You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年輕，我也不年輕。
She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她沒有讀它，我也沒有讀。
請看考題（答案選D）：
Mary never does any reading in the evening,_________.
A. so does John B. John does too
C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “昨天很冷。”“的確很冷。”
請看考題（答案分別為CD）：
1. — Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. —_________,and so did I.
A. So she had B. So had she C. So she did D. So did she
2.—Father,you promised! —Well,_________. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.
A. so was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did
高考例題
題目
1. Not until all the fish died in the river __________ how serious the pollution was. (NMET 1995)
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize
2. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once __________ with each other. (NMET2003)
A. they had quarrelled B. they have quarrelled
C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
3. Little __________ about his own safety,though he was in great danger himself. (1995上海卷）
A. does he care B. did he care
C. he cares D. he cared
4. __________ for the free tickets,I would not have gone to the films so often.(1995上海卷）
A. If it is not B. Were it not
C. Had it not been D. If they were not
5. —David has made great progress recently.
—__________,and __________. (1997上海卷）
A. so he has; so you have B. so he has; so have you
C. so has he; so have you D. so has he; so you have
6. —It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.
—My God! __________. (1999上海卷）
A. So did I B. So I did
C. So were you D. So did you
7. Not a single song __________ at yesterday’s party. (2000上海卷）
A. she sang B. sang she
C. did she sing D. she did sing
8. So difficult __________ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. (2001上海卷）
A. I have felt B. have I felt
C. I did feel D. did I feel
9. —You forgot your purse when you went out.
—Good heavens,__________. (2002 上海卷）
A. so did I B. so I did
C. I did so D. I so did
10. Only when your identity has been checked,__________. (2003上海卷）
A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in
C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in
11. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life __________ so happy! (2000北京春）
A. did I feel B. I felt
C. I had felt D. had I felt
12. __________ can you expect to get a pay rise. (2000北京春）
A. With hard work B. Although work hard
C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard
13. Only when the war was over __________ to his hometown.(2001上海春）
A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned
C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return
14. Not only __________ interested in football but __________ beginning to show an interest in it. (2002上海春）
A. the teacher himself is; all his students are
B. the teacher himself is; are all his students
C. is the teacher himself; are all his students
D. is the teacher himself; all his students are
15.—I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!
—__________. (2004廣西卷）
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I
C. Same with me D. So do I
16. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither __________ any end to their influence man’s lives. (2004廣東卷）
A. there is B. there are
C. is there D. are there
答案與解析
2. C。由否定意義的詞 never once 開頭，句子用部分倒裝。前一併列分句已經提示要用現在完成時態。
3. B。以 little,never,seldom,hardly 等含否定意義的詞開頭的句子要用部分倒裝； 後文表明要用一般過去時，所以要用 did he care。
5. B。表示後者與前者的情況一樣就用倒裝； 如果是對上文加以肯定或強調“的確是這樣”就不用倒裝。句意是：“David 最近取得了很大的進步。”“是的，他取得了很大的進步，你也取得了很大進步。”
6. B。對別人的話表示贊成“的確如此”，不用倒裝。句意是：“你太粗心大意了，你的衣服在外面放了一夜。”“哎呀！真的是這樣。”
7. C。以 not 等否定意義的詞開頭的句子要用部分倒裝。
8. D。以“so + 形容詞”開頭的句子要用部分倒裝； 由 determined 可知用一般過去時。
9. B。句意是：天哪！我確實忘了帶錢包。
10. D。only 加狀語置於句首，要用部分倒裝，排除 A 和 B; 又因 you 與 allow是被動關係，排除 C。
11. D。以 never 開頭的句子要部分倒裝； 表示過去（got the job ）的過去，要用過去完成時。
12. C。因題乾是部分倒裝句，只有答案 C 能構成倒裝的條件：only 加狀語開頭的句子要用部分倒裝。
13. A。only 加狀語置於句首，要用部分倒裝。
14. D。not only…but also連線兩個分句時，僅僅是 not only 這一分句要部分倒裝，but also 後不倒裝， 故選D
