基本介紹
- 中文名：否定句
- 所屬學科：英語、語文、數學
- 語文舉例：“未”、“否”
- 英語分類：9種
否定句分類,（1）一般否定句,（2）特指否定,（3）部分否定,（4）全體否定,（5）延續否定,（6）半否定句,（7）雙重否定,（8）排除否定,（9）加強否定,形式與用法,動詞的否定轉移,謂語的否定轉移,
否定句分類
（1）一般否定句
- I don't know this. No news is good news.
- There is no person（smoking）/not a person/not any person（smoking）in the house.
（2）特指否定
- He went to his office, not to see him.
- I am sorry for not coming on time.
- I don't think / believe/suppose / feel / imagine you are right.
（3）部分否定
- All the answers are not right
- All is not gold that glitters
- I don't know all of them.
- I can't see everybody/everything.
- Both of them are not right.
（4）全體否定
- None of my friends smoke.
- I can see nothing/nobody.
- Neither of them is right.
- Nothing can be so simple as this.
（5）延續否定
- You didn't see him, neither/nor did I.
- You don't know, I don't know either.
- He doesn't know English, let alone / to say nothing of/not to speak of（更不用說）French.
（6）半否定句
- We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.
- I know little English. I saw few people.
（7）雙重否定
- You can't make something out of nothing.
- What's done cannot be undone.
- There is no sweet without sweat.
- No gain without pains.
- I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.
- No man is so old but（that）he can learn.
（8）排除否定
- Everyone is ready except you.
- He did nothing but play.
- But for your help, I couldn't do it.
（9）加強否定
- I won't do it at all.
- I can't see it any more.
- He is no longer a bo
形式與用法
動詞的否定轉移
當動詞“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”的主語是第一人稱，謂語動詞為沒有任何副詞修飾的一般現在時，它們的否定式實際上是對賓語從句的否定。表示說話者提出一種委婉的看法或主張。如：
- I think that he will help us.——I don’t think that he will help us.
我認為它不會幫助我們。 - I believe that he is right.——I don’t believe that he is right.
我認為他不對。 - I suppose that he likes it.——I don’t suppose that he likes it.
我想他不喜歡它。
當動詞“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”、“find”的主語是第一人稱、謂語動詞為沒有任何副詞修飾的一般現在時，它們前面的否定式實際上是對複合賓語的否定。表示說話者所提出的一種委婉的看法或主張。如：
- I think math difficult. — I don’t think math difficult.
我認為數學不難。 - I find the story interesting. — I don’t find the story interesting.
我認為這個故事沒有趣。 - I expect so. —I don’t expect so.
我認為不會。
注意：動詞“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”在下列情況下，否定不轉移：
（1）這些動詞跟其他另一個動詞一起做並列謂語時，否定不轉移。如：
- I believe and hope he won’t do that.
我相信並且也希望他將不會那樣做。 - I feel and admit that we are not foolish.
我覺得並且也承認我們並不愚蠢。
（2）用於疑問句時，否定不轉移。如：
- Do you think it is not going to rain?
你認為天不會下雨嗎？ - Don’t you believe that he has done a good thing?
難道你不相信他做了一件好事？
（3）用作插入語時，否定不轉移。如：
- Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you.
我想李蕾不會生你的氣。 - Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it.
我猜想湯姆不會反對。 - Mike, I believe, hasn’t seen the film.
我認為邁克沒有看這場電影。
（4）動詞前有其他副詞修飾時，否定不轉移。如：
- I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now.
我的確不認為我們有必要去那兒。 - I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing.
我強烈地認為他不應該做那樣的事。
- I thought that he wouldn’t come back soon.
我原以為他不會回來得這么快。 - She didn’t believe that he became a good boy.
她不相信它變成了一個好孩子。 - He thinks that he isn’t fit for the job.
他認為他不適合這件工作。 - He doesn’t believe that what we told him is true.
他不相信我們告訴他的事是真的。
（6）當賓語從句中含的否定為“not……at all”、“not a little”、“not a few”、“not enough”、“can’t help”等固定搭配時，否定不轉移。如：
- I think that he doesn’t know it at all.
我想他對那一點也不知道。 - I suppose that it is not enough to remember the words if you want to learn the language well.
我認為如果你想把這門語言學好，那么只記單詞是不夠的。 - I believe that you can’t help singing our national anthem when you win the first place in the Olympic Games.
我相信當你在奧運會上獲得第一名時你會情不自禁地唱起國歌來。
（7）當賓語從句中含“no”、“nothing”、“nobody”、“nowhere”、“hardly”、“seldom”、“little”、“few”等否定詞或半否詞時，否定不轉移。如：
- I believe that nothing can make me give it up.
我想任何事情也不能使我放棄。 - I think that no one can escape if the ship sinks in the sea.
我認為如果這艘船沉入海底的話，那么誰也逃不掉。 - I suppose that he is a man of few words.
我猜想他是一個言語不多的人。
謂語的否定轉移
- Let’s not talk about it here.
我們別在這裡談吧。 - Don’t read in the sun.
不要在陽光下看書。 - Don’t talk with your mouth full of food.
不要口裡含著食物說話。
