語法是語言的組織規律，任何人在使用語言時，不管他是否學過語法，都須合乎語法。另外，總結語法本身的規律也能加深我們對語言的理解，讓我們能夠真正熟練地運用語言。（賓語：指一個動作（動詞）的接受者，常置於動詞之後，也有雙賓語結構例句：he gave me a book，類似擁有me和book兩個賓語的句子叫雙賓語從句），在複合句中，由一個句子充當賓語，這個句子就叫做賓語從句。
whether 和 if 都可引導賓語從句，但 whether後可緊跟or not；whether從句可作介詞的賓語。
如果從句太長，可以用形式賓語it.
補充：賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.
分類：賓語從句分為三類: （1）動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.時態：1·主句用一般現在時，從句可用任意時。 2·主句用過去時，從句用過去某個時態。 （2）賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether.that引導表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導表示“是否”的賓語從句. He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告訴我他下一年上大學. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否還會有公車. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒人知道他是否會通過考試. 連線代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.連線代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述. Do you know who has won this game?你知道誰贏了這一局遊戲嗎 I don’t know whom you should depend on.我不知道你該依靠誰. The book will show you what the best CEOs know.這本書會告訴你最好的執行總裁該了解些什麼. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Huawei or Apple smart phone?你決定好是買華為還是蘋果的手機了嗎? 連線副詞連線副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什麼時候我們能再見面. Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?你能展示給我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪裡買到. （3）動詞的賓語從句大多數動詞都可以帶賓語從句 We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我們都預料他們會贏,因為他們的隊員更強壯. He told us that they would help us through the whole work.他告訴我們在整個工作中,他都會幫忙的. 部分“動詞+副詞”結構也可以帶賓語從句 I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我發現這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了. Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能計算出這次旅行我們將花費多少錢嗎? 動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句常見的這些詞有:make sure確保 keep in mind牢記 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤.
可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句 ①動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等後面有賓語補足語的時候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句後置. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的. I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我沒去聚會,感覺非常遺憾. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫日記成了習慣. We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我們都認為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要. ②有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it這類動詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to. I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話. He will have it that our plan is really practical.他會認為我們的計畫確實可行. We take it that you will agree with us.我們認為你會同意我們的. When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.開啟發動機時, 一定要使汽車的離合器處於空擋位置. ③若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我們都認為你所說的是不可信的. We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我們發現我們所學到的東西都是有用的. 3.介詞的賓語從句用wh-類的介詞賓語從句 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我們正在討論是否讓學生加入我們的俱樂部. The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.這本新書是關於神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升如太空的. 用that,if引導的介詞賓語從句有時候except,but,besides三個介詞後可見到that引導的賓語從句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.對於我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知. 4.形容詞的賓語從句常用來引導賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I am sure I will pass the exam.我確信我會通過考試. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我這么長時間在打擾你. He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高興在他生病的時候李明能去看望他. 5.if,whether在賓語從句中的區別 ①if和whether在作“是否”解時,引導賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之後,介詞後一般不用if ②少數動詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt後的賓語從句常用whether. ③whether後可以加or not,但是if不可以. ④在不定式前只能用whether.如： I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。 ⑤避免歧義時,我們常用whether而不用if. 6.哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導詞that當that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時;當賓語從句較長時;當主語狀語置於主句尾,賓語從句之前時;當主語謂語動詞(包括非謂語動詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時;當一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時,此時第一個that可以省略,第二個that不可以省略;當賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時;當賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時;當賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時;當主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時;當賓語從句有it做其先行詞時;在直接引語中,轉述分句把賓語從句隔開時
賓語從句的否定轉移主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,並且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現在時,從句的否定詞一般要轉移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致. I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能說成I think he won’t come to my party.我認為他不會來我的舞會. I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?我認為那個人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?我們發現他從來不仔細聽老師講課,是不是?
賓語從句的時態和語序當主句為現在時或將來時的時候,賓語從句的時態一般不受主句的時態所影響.當主句為過去時的時候 ①從句用一般過去時或過去進行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發生 I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.我只知道他當時在西方的一個國家讀書,可不知道是哪個國家. He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他問我他進來的時候我是否正在讀<老人與海>. ②從句過去完成時表示該動作發生在主句謂語動作之前 He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告訴我他已經把有關會議的事情告訴的了Mary. ③從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發生在主句謂語動作之後 The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.記者問政府是否會採取必要的措施鎮壓騷亂. 如果從句是一個客觀真理,那么從句的時候不根據主句的時態而變化 The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉. 當賓語從句的引導詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時,不能按正常語序安排,經常將這類引導詞置於句首 Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?你認為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手 賓語從句，即：在主句中擔當賓語的從句。學習賓語從句要抓住三要素：連線詞、語序和時態。 連線詞一般都是that(指事物或人),which（指事）,who（指人） 1．從句為陳述句，常選擇連線詞that或將that省略，直接與主句相連。 2．從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連線詞if或whether。在whether…ornot結構中不能用if替換。 3．從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問代、副詞作連線詞。 注意：當who為主語時，句式為：who+謂語+其他三：判斷時態情況： 1。主句是一般現在時，從句為各種時態情況 2。主句是一般過去時，從句為各種相應過去時態注意：從句描繪客觀事實，用一般現在時 1. The teacher told the children that the sun____ round. 【A. was B. is C. were D. are】 2. I believe that our team____ the basketball match.【 A. win B. won C. will win D. wins 】 3. I don’t know____ to visit the old man. 【A. whether B. if C. that D. who】 The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school. 【A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where】 答：選B，動詞reach後接賓語從句，從句缺少賓語，where不可，which引導賓語從句時表疑問含義“哪一個…”而此句中並非疑問含義，不知道哪一座廟宇，而是用what從句表陳述含義，意“過去的一座舊廟宇”；temple後為對其修飾的定語從句，用關係代詞which代替，並在從句中作動詞used的賓語，use sth. as…“把…用作…whether + or not 賓語從句，在複合句中作賓語，位於及物動詞後； eg． Tell him which class you are in ． Do you know what he likes？ 註：(1)主、從句時態一致： 主句謂語過去時，從句相應過去時； He answered that he was listening to me. 主句謂語現在時，從句時態任所需； eg． He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. 具體過去永不變，真理格言現在時； eg． He told me that he was born in 1980. Father told me that practice makes perfect . （2）否定前移，及完成反意問句； 在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等動詞後跟賓語從句否定式時，應轉移到主句上去，完成反意問句時，應與從句主、謂保持一致。（注: 否定前移的條件是，主句主語是第一人稱） eg． I don't think you are right ,are you ? I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they ? （3）在表示建議 suggest , advise 要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose； 決定 decide; 命令 order、command; 堅決主張 insist; 等動詞後跟賓語從句，用（should）+v．（虛擬語氣） eg． I suggested that you（should）study hard． He ordered that we should go out at once． （4）如果賓語從句後有賓語補語，用it作形式賓語，把賓語從句後置 eg．You may think it strange that he would live there． （5）賓語從句that常可省略，但在以下情況下不能省略 A．當主句謂語動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，可以省略第一個that，其他不能省略。 eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get bet?． B．當it作形式賓語時 eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him． C．當賓語從句前置時 eg．That our team will win，I believe．
1． The teacher told the children that the sun____ round. was B. is C. were D. are 2． I believe that our team____ the basketball match. win B. won C. will win D. wins 答：1.B 2.C
The student who answered the question was John. 回答問題的學生是John.
This is the man whom he is looking for.
三、賓語從句的用法
that引導賓語從句無意義，不充當句子成分常省略。但下列情況除外： ①．介詞賓語從句的that不能省略。 ②． and連線的兩個從句，兩個從句的that不能省略。 He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college. ③．在動詞+it+賓語補足語+賓語從句結構中，that不省略。 I heard it said that he had gone abroad We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time
Whether,if 引導賓語從句：兩詞可互換，但是下列情形除外： ①．whether從句中有or not ②．whether從句做介詞賓語 Everything depends on whether you agree with us
許多帶複合賓語的句子，賓語從句經常移到句子後部，而用it做形式賓語。結構是： 主語 + 動詞 + it + 形容詞/名詞等賓語補足語 + 賓語從句 We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone. ①．賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序。 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. ②. 有時候可以用it 作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放在後面。 Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. ③. 帶有賓語從句的複合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher. ④. 主句一般過去時態，從句也要用過去時態；具體細節請看第一部分。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.
eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
C．當賓語從句前置時
eg．That our team will win，I believe．
版本四
一、定義和例句分析
賓語從句就是一個句子作動詞或介詞的賓語。
A 作動詞的賓語： I heard the news. 主語-謂語動詞-名詞。名詞作賓語。 I heard that he would come here later on. 主語-謂語動詞-從句。句子作賓語---賓語從句。
B 作介詞的賓語： He said nothing about the plan. 主語-謂語動詞-代詞-代詞作動詞的賓語-介詞-名詞-名詞作介詞的賓語。 He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 主語-謂語動詞-代詞-代詞作動詞的賓語-介詞-從句-從句作介詞的賓語---賓語從句。
A 賓語從句必須用陳述語序。但也有部分口語提問以疑問代詞作主語 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B 有時候可以用it 作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放在後面。 Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment. Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
C 帶有賓語從句的複合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
D 主句一般過去時態，從句也要用過去時態；具體細節請看第一部分。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.
二，賓語從句的語序， 賓語從句從句的語序必須是陳述語序，即連線詞+主語+謂語+其他成分 例：I believe that they will come soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher. They wanted to know what they can do for us.
She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.. 如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現象或事實時，這時賓語從句要用一般現在時態。 例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. He told me that Japan is an island country. Could you tell me…是用來徵詢對方的意見，語氣委婉，並不表示過去。 例：Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum
例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
在以下情況中不能省略
當句中的動詞後接多於兩個由that引導的賓語從句時，第一個that可省，但後面的that不可省。
例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
當主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時，that一般不可省。 例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
當that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時，that不可省。 例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.
注意事項：許多帶複合賓語的句子，that引導的賓語從句經常移到句子後部，而用it作形式賓語。
例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
學習圖片