基本介紹
- 中文名：名詞性從句
- 外文名：Noun clause
- 分類：賓語從句 主語從句 表語從句等
- 功能：名詞詞組
連線詞,分類,比較,分類,高考相關,熱點,練習,
連線詞
分類
引導名詞性從句的連線詞可分為三類：
連詞（5個）：that （本身無意義。引導單一的賓語從句時that常可省略，但引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時that通常不被省略）
whether,if （均表示“是否”表明從句內容的不確定性）
as if ,as though （均表示“好像”，“似乎”）
◆以上在從句中均不充當任何成分
連線代詞（10個）：what/whatever, who/whoever, whom/whomever, whose/whosever, which/whichever
連線副詞（8個）：when/whenever, where/wherever, how/however, why,because
不可省略的連詞：
1. 介詞後的連詞。
2. 引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
3. 在從句中做成分的連詞.
比較
whether與if均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下，只可用whether：
1. whether引導主語從句並在句首。
eg:Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.
2. 引導表語從句。
eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her.
3. whether從句作介詞賓語。
eg:I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job.
4.if與whether都可以與or not 連用，但後面緊跟or not 時只能用whether。
We didn't know whether or not she was ready.（此時只能用whether）
I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.（此時則二者都可以用）
5.後面直接跟動詞不定式時。
6.whether可引導從句，作主語、表語、同位語而if不行。
分類
主語從句
主語從句通常由下列詞引導：
1）從屬連詞that、whether等；
2）連線代詞what、who、which、whatever、whoever、whom 、whichever等；
3) 連線副詞how、when、where、why 等。
that在句中無詞義，只起連線作用；連線代詞和連線副詞都在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連線作用，連線代詞主要作主語，賓語，表語，定語等，連線副詞在從句中作狀語。註：whom、who指人，what指物，whatever、whoever表示泛指意義。例如：
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什麼，還不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在哪裡舉行，還沒有宣布。
有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放於句首，而把主語從句置於句末。主語從句後的謂語動詞一般用單數形式。常用句型如下：
（1）It be+ 名詞 + that從句
It's a great pity that they didn't get married.
他們沒能結婚，真是令人惋惜。
It 's a good thing that you were insured.
你保了險，這可是件好事。
（2）It be + 形容詞 + that從句
It's splendid that you passed your exam.
你通過考試了，真棒。
It's strange that there are no lights on.
真奇怪，沒有一盞燈是開著的。
（3）It be + 動詞的過去分詞+ 主語從句
It's said that he has been there many times.
據說他去過那兒很多次。
（4）It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句
另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
(5) it seems/happens+that 從句
(6)眾所周知的幾種表達方式
①It is known to us that.
②As is known to us.
③What is known to us is that.
it引導的強調句結構：It is/was+被強調部分+that/who+句子其它部分。
eg:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
強調主語：It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
強調賓語：It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
強調時間：It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.(注意不用when)
強調地點：It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
賓語從句
1. 由連線詞that引導的賓語從句。
由連線詞that引導賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如果從句是並列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經告訴我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認為自己什麼都好，別人什麼都不好。
注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞後，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發。
2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯詞引導的賓語從句相當於特殊疑問句，應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。
I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什麼。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。
3.可運用it做形式賓語。
①動詞make, find ,think,feel,consider,believe等後面有賓語補足語的時候，則需要用it做形式賓語，而將that賓語從句後置，結構：S.+vt+it+adj./n.(賓語補足語)+o（賓語）。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的。
I feel it a pity that I haven't been to the get-together.我沒去聚餐，感覺非常遺憾。
②有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it，這類動詞主要是：hate,take,owe,have,see to
I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話。
We take it that you will agree with us.我們認為你會同意我們的。
He will have it that our plan is really pratical.他認為我們的計畫確實可行。
4.用whether或if引導的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：
①whether引導主語從句在句首時；
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。
Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.他能否準時參加派對得看交通情況。
②賓語從句放在句首表示強調時，只能用whether；
Whether this is true or not, I really don't know.這是否真實，我也不知道。
③引導表語從句，只能用whether；
The question is whether we can get in touch with her.問題是我們是否能聯繫上她。
④引導介詞賓語時,只能用whether；
His father is worried about whether he lose his work.他的父親擔心他是否會失去工作。
I'm thinking about whether I should quit my present job.我正在考慮我是否應該辭去現 在的工作。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。
⑤if與whether都可以與or not連用，但後面緊跟著or not時只能用whether；
We didn't know whether or not she was ready.（此時只能用whether）
I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.（此時則二者都可以用）
⑥後接動詞不定式時，用whether；
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留？
I can't decide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。
⑦用if會引起歧義時，只用whether；
Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
這句話有兩種意思：“你能告訴我是否知道答案嗎？”或“如果你知道答案，請告訴我，好嗎？”。如用whether可避免歧義.
⑧whether可引導同位語從句，if不能引導同位語從句。
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我們是否請專家由家庭醫生來定。
5. 注意賓語從句中的時態呼應，當主句動詞是現 在時，從句根據自身的句子情況，而使用不同時態。
I know (that) he studies English every day. （從句用一般現在時）
I know (that) he studied English last term. （從句用一般過去時）
I know (that) he will study English next year. （從句用一般將來時）
I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. （從句用現在完成時）
當主句動詞是過去時態（could, would除外），從句則要用相應的過去時態，如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等；當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現象，則從句仍用現 在時態。
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
All of us know that the moon moves round the earth.
6. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變為否定式。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。
We don’t think you are here. 我們認為你不在這。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。
表語從句
其基本結構為：主語+ 聯繫動詞+ that從句
1.that 引導表語從句，無詞義，只起連線作用，不可省。
2.聯繫動詞可為be,look,seem,sound,appear等。
3.主語可為名詞fact,truth,cause,question,explanation,trouble,assumption,belief等，代詞this,that,these,it等。
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽。
That’s just what I want. 這正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問題所在。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他為什麼不到會的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
Raw material is what we are badly in need of.原材料是我們所急需的。
China is not what it used to be.中國已不是過去的中國了。
【注意】
1.當主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導而不是because。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
2.whether可引導表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用於引導表語從句。
3.That is why…譯為“這就是……的原因/因此”。
其中why引導的名詞性從句在句中做表語，該句型通常用於針對前面已經說過的原因進行總結。
That is why you see this woman before you know.這就是現在這位女士出現在你面前的原因。
That is why I came.這就是我來的原因。
區別：①That is why ……與That is the reason why …同義，只不過從語法結構上講，前者中的why引導表語從句，後者中的why引導定語從句。
That is (the reason ) why I cannot agree.這就是我不能同意的理由。
②That is because …句型中從屬連詞because引導的名詞性從句在此做表語，意為“這就是為什麼……/因為……”。
That is because …指原因或理由。
That is why … 指由於各種原因所造成的後果。
He didn not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨晚他沒有去看電影，那是因為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業。（第一句話說明結果，第二句話說明原因）
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過那部電影，因此他昨晚沒有去看。（第一句話說明原因，第二句話說明結果）
同位語從句
同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容。同位語從句通常由that引導，可用於同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我們贏得這場比賽的訊息令人激動。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什麼時候回來。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。
同位語從句和定語從句的區別：
that作為關係代詞，可以引導定語從句，充當句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略； that引導同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當句子成分，一般不能省略。
試比較下面兩個例句:
I had no idea that you were here．（that引導同位語從句，不能省略）
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引導定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）
名詞性that從句
（1）由從屬連詞that引導的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連線主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主 語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語，例如：
主語：That she is still alive is her luck. 她還活著全靠運氣。
賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。
表語：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事實是近 來誰也沒有見過他。
同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近 來誰也沒有見過他，這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。
形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你對工作滿意我感到很高興。
2）That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置於句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整個計畫注定要失敗。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關係：
a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明顯……
b. It + be + -ed分詞+ that-從句
It is believed that… 人們相信……
It is known to all that… 眾所周知……
It has been decided that… 已決定……
c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常識
It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事實是……
d. It +不及物動詞+ that-從句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
名詞性wh-從句
1）由wh-詞引導的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連線代詞和where, when, how, why等連線副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等，例如：
主語： How the book will sell depends on its author. 書銷售如何取決於作者本人。
直接賓語：In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家裡可以隨心所欲。
間接賓語：The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱樂部將給得勝者設獎。
表語： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的問題是誰將接任該基金會主席職位。
賓語補足語：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什麼名字就取什麼名字。
同位語： I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什麼時候回來。
形容詞賓語：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她為什麼拒絕他們的邀請。
介詞賓語： That depends on where we shall go.
那取決於我們去哪兒。
2）Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將wh-從句置於句末，例如：
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
還沒決定誰做這項工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他們何時結婚依然不明。
if, whether引導的名詞從句
1）yes-no型疑問從句
從屬連詞if, whether引導的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同， 例如：
主語：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計畫是否可行還有待證實。
賓語：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。
表語：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 問題在於我們是否應該借錢給他。
同位語：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他們調查他是否值得信賴。
形容詞賓語： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。
介詞賓語： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我擔心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。
2）選擇性疑問從句
選擇性疑問從句由關聯詞if/whether…or或whether…or not構成，例如：
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計畫。
if和whether的區別：
1、 在動詞不定式之前只能用whether 。如：
例8 I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。
2、 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如：
例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好訊息。
3 、在介詞後，只能用whether。如：
例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父親擔心是否會失去工作。
4、賓語從句放在句首表示強調時，只能用whether 。如：
Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know. 這是否真的，我真的不知道。
（例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他們是否能準時完成這項工作還是個問題。－－此例為主語從句，有誤，感謝指出）
5、用if會引起歧義時，只用whether。如：
例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
這句話有兩種意思：“你能告訴 你是否知道答案嗎？”或“如果你知 道答案，請告 訴我，好嗎？”。如用whether可避免 歧義。
否定轉移
1) 將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動詞後面賓語從句的否定詞轉移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。
I don't think I know you. 我想我並不認識你。
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回來。
注意：若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。
2) 將seem, appear 等後的從句的否定轉移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
看來他們不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。
3) 有時將動名詞，介詞短語或整個從句的否定轉變為對謂語動詞的否定。
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.
我記得從未見過這樣一個人。 (not否定動名詞短語 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.
在這裡，人們不會想到在街上會碰上陌生的人。
(anyone 作主語，從句中的謂語動詞不能用否定形式。)
4) 有時狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉移到謂語動詞前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定狀語) 螞蟻不只是為自己採食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because狀語) 他並不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何，就輕信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定狀語many weeks) 她結婚還不到幾個星期，這個人的弟弟就看見她了，並對她的美貌著了迷。
高考相關
熱點
1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
答案D。當名詞從句在句中作主語時，為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語置於句首，而將真正的主語從句放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導作用，本身無實義。此句也可以改寫為：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
2．A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do．（NMET2001）
A．how B．after C．what D．when
答案C。從句子結構可知，句子的空白處應該填引導賓語從句的連詞，做主句謂語動詞do的賓語，同時該連線詞還是從句中的do的賓語，因此，此處的連線詞應該用what。
3. He asked ____ for a violin．（MET1992）
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
答案：D。賓語從句相當於特殊疑問句，句子語序要用陳述語序。
4. What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．（上海2001年春季招生）
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
答案C。這是一個表語從句。根據 doubt一詞可知，所懷疑的應是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。這句話的意思是“醫生真的懷疑我媽媽是否能很快從重病中恢復過來。”
5．It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants. (NMET1997)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
答案B。根據句意“一般認為孩子要什麼就給什麼是不好的。”可以看出後面的從句應是一個賓語從句，而從句中wants缺少賓語，A. however 和D. whenever是不能作賓語的；排除A和D，whichever表示“無論哪一個，無論哪些”，應表示一定範圍內的人或物，此處沒有涉及事物的範圍，所以應選 B．whatever，表示“無論什麼”。
6. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988)
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests. (Shanghai1995)
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
答案為C。本題句子的意思是：Sarah希望跟自己有共同愛好的人交朋友。疑問詞+ever引導的名詞性從句與no matter+疑問詞引導的從句的區別是：前者既可以引導名詞性從句也可以引導讓步狀語從句；後者只能引導讓步狀語從句。首先排除A和D，從句中需要的是主語，所以whomever也不行。
8. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that ______ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)
A. why B. what C. when D. where
答案A。根據語境，甲說上周驅車去珠海觀看航模展覽。乙據此來詢問甲這是否是請幾天假的原因，故答案是A。答案B,C, D均與該題語境不符。根據上句提供的語境，下句應該問“那就是你為什麼離開幾天的原因嗎？”
9. I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. ( NMET1993)
A. when B. how C. where D. what
答案A。根據從句中缺少的句子成分是狀語，排除D．what，而答案C, D均與題意不符，所以應選A．when。used to be表示一種過去存在的狀態，本句的意思是“我仍然記得這裡在什麼時候是個寧靜的地方。”
10．I read about it in some book or other，does it matter ____ it was ?（2001春季招生）
A．where B．what C．how D．which
答案D。這是一個主語從句。主語從句中缺少表語。從上句的意思分析，應是哪本書，所以要填which，這句話的意思是“我在某本書中讀到過有關這方面的內容，是哪一本書重要嗎？”。
11. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as (2001年上海)
答案B。該題考查that引導的同位語從句。同位語從句通常由that引導，接在fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt, message名詞後，用來解釋或說明名詞的內容。
12. —I think it is going to be a big problem.
—Yes, it could be.
—I wonder ______ we can do about it. (北京 2002春季)
A. if B. how C. what D. that
答案C。本題考察名詞性從句的連線詞的用法。wonder後面應跟賓語從句，而從句中的謂語動詞do是及物動詞，可見從句缺少一個代替賓語的成分，我們可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that，再排除引導方式狀語的how，答案是C，句子的意思是“我們能就此做些什麼”。
練習
1. ________that they found an unusual plant in the forest.
A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says
答案A：句型It is said that+主語從句。類似的還有It is believed that……etc
2. _____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
答案A：觀察此從句中缺少主語，而能在主語從句中即充當主語成分又引導的就只有what了
3. It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination.
A. whether B. if C. that D. how
4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn’t like _____ it used to be .
A .what B. how C. that D. which
5. ____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match.
A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether
6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before.
A .that B. how C .what D. where
7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be during the past few years.
A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow
C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown
8. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _____.
A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along
C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along
9. ____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.
A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what
10. These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. which C. that D. whichever
11. _____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person
12. Eat _____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes in late.
A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever
13. ___ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that
14. It was ___ he said ___ disappointed me.
A. What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. That;what
15. It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front.
A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go
16. The true value of life is not in ______, but _______.
A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give
C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give
17. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______.
A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to be put off
18. Go and get your coat．It's ____ you left it．
A. where B. there C. here where D. where there
19. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
20. You can’t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
Keys:
1---5 A A A A A 6---10 C D A B A 11----15 C C A A C 16---20 B A A C B
