基本介紹
- 中文名：反義疑問句
- 外文名：The Disjunctive Question
- 別稱：Question tags)
- 解釋：反義附加疑問句
- 主要形式：：陳述部分肯定式疑問部分否定式
句式,句子結構,句子類型,讀法規則,主語,一般詞語,不定代詞,否定意義的詞,口訣,重點歸納,其他信息,
句式
句子結構
1．陳述部分肯定句+疑問部分否定句（可記為前肯後否）。
例：They work hard, don’t they?
他們努力工作，不是嗎？
Let's go to the supermarket ,shall we?
讓我們去超市，好嗎？
2．陳述部分否定句+疑問部分肯定句（可記為前否後肯）。
例：You didn't go, did you?
你沒去，是嗎？
句子類型
一種是反義的附加疑問句；一種是非反義的附加疑問句。
簡單來說，前者就是“前肯後否”或“前否後肯”，後者就是“前肯後肯”或“前否後否”。
讀法規則
反義疑問句陳述部分用降調，問句部分可升可降。提問者對陳述部分把握較大時，問句部分用降調；反之用升調。
主語
一般詞語
不定代詞
當陳述部分的主語是
（1）one時，後面的疑問句可用one/he.
（2）no one時，後面附加疑問句中主語用they。
（3）everything,anything,nothing,something時，附加疑問句中主語用it 不用they
（4）this, that,或those, these時，附加疑問句中主語用it或they.
（5）everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，anyone，nobody等時，附加疑問句中主語一般用they（口頭語，非正式文體）/he（正式文體）。
（6）不定式時，動名詞，其他短語，附加疑問句中主語一般用it。
（7）there be句型時，附加疑問句中一般用be/情態動詞/助動詞+there。
否定意義的詞
(1)當陳述部分有never，seldom, hardly，few，little，barely, scarcely, nothing，none,rarely ，no, not, no one, nobody, neither等否定意義的辭彙時，後面的反意疑問句則為肯定形式：
There're few apples in the basket, are there?
He can hardly swim, can he?
They seldom come late, do they?
(2)當陳述部分的主語為everyone,someone,anyone,no one等表示人的不定代詞時，疑問部分的主語用they或he：
Everyone in your family is a teacher, aren’t they\isn't he？
(3)當陳述部分的主語為everything,something,anything.nothing等表示物的不定代詞時，疑問部分的主語用it：
Something is wrong with your watch, isn’t it?
(4)當陳述部分含有否定意思的詞是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly,等含有否定詞綴的派生詞，也就是有un,dis-前綴、-less後綴等含詞綴而意思否定的詞，當肯定句處理，疑問部分用否定形式。如：
He looks unhappy,doesn’t he? 他看上去不高興，不是嗎？
The girl dislikes history,doesn’t she? 這女孩不喜歡歷史，不是嗎？
(5)當陳述部分有less, fewer等詞視為肯定詞，疑問部分用否定形式。
There will be less pollution, won't there?
表示主語的詞
含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等動詞後接賓語從句構成的主從複合句在構成反意疑問句時，視情況不同有兩種不同的構成方式。 （即當主句是I think，I believe，I suppose，I imagine，I expect,I guess時要反問從句，其餘句式均反問主句。）
(1)當主句的主語為第一人稱時，其後的簡短問句應與從句相一致。例如：
I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?
We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?
I don't believe that he can translate this book, can he?
We don't imagine the twins have arrived, have they?
此類句子的回答同"前否後肯"型反意疑問句一樣，如上述後一個句子，若雙胞胎已經到了，則回答為"Yes, they have."；若尚未到達，使用"No, they haven't."。
(2)當主句的主語為第二、三人稱時，其後的簡短問句則應與主句相一致（此時，否定只看主句，與從句無關）。例如：
Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?
You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?
They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?
She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?
(3)但如果主句的時態是過去時等等，疑問句應和主句的人稱時態保持一致。
have
You’d better get up early, hadn’t you?
其他情況句中有have時疑問句套用don't等開頭
如have表示“有”的時候，有兩種形式：（have 表示有可用do或have來改寫）
-He has two sisters,doesn’t he? =He has two sisters, hasn’t he?
-He doesn't have any sisters,does he?
祈使句
1）一般情況下用will you 或won't you。
Give me a hand, will you?
Leave all the things as they are, won’t you?
Don't spoil your child, will you?
Take his dirty gloves away ,won't you?
2)以Let's（聽者包括在內）開頭的祈使句，前肯後可肯可否，疑問句必須用shall we（shall只用於第一人稱）;只有以Let us（聽話人不被包括在“us”裡面）或Let me開頭的祈使句，問句才用will you。
Let us know the time of your arrival, will you?
Let's try again, shall we?
Let me help you, will you?
Let’s have a look on your book，shall we？
3)當陳述句是否定的祈使句時，問句可用will you 或can you 。
e.g. Don’t make much noise, will/can you?
There be句型
There be 句型中，反義疑問部分必須為be 動詞 + there
There are some apples in the basket, aren't there?
There isn't any milk left, is there?
there used to be,反義疑問句有兩種形式：didn't there和usedn't there.
There used to be some cities wall, usedn't there? 或：There used to be some cities wall, didn't there?
Must
.當陳述部分有情態動詞must，問句有4種情況：
（1）mustn't表示“禁止，不可，不必”時，附加問句通常要用must.
You mustn't stop your car here, must you?
你不能把車停在這地方，知道嗎？
（2）must表示“有必要”時，附加問句通常要用needn't.
They must finish the work today, needn’t they?
他們今天要完成這項工作，是嗎？
（3）must be表推測,用來表示對現 在的情況進行推測時，問句通常要根據must後面的動詞採用相應的形式。
He must be good at English, isn’t he? 他英語一定學得很好，是嗎？
She must be a good English teacher, isn’t she? 她一定是位優秀的英語老師，是嗎？
（4）當must have done表示對過去的情況進行推測（一般句中有明確的過去時間狀語），問句要根據陳述部分謂語的情況用“didn't+主語”或“wasn't/weren't+主語”；如果強調動作的完成（一般沒有明確的過去時間狀語），問句要用“haven't/hasn't+主語”。
She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she?
她上星期一定讀了這本小說，不是嗎？
You must have told her about it, haven’t you?
你一定把這事告訴她了，不是嗎？
值得一提是：著名學者周海中教授在《英語附加疑問句的一個問題》一文中指出：陳述部分的must不管是用來表示對現在的情況進行推測還是用來表示對過去的情況進行推測，附加問句都可以mustn't。該文舉了若干個實例，從而改變了人們對這一用法的看法。
回答 反意疑問句的回答：前肯後否，前否後肯，根據事實從後往前翻譯。如：
（1）They work hard,don’t they?他們努力工作，不是嗎？
Yes, they do.對,他們工作努力。/No, they don't.不，他們工作不努力
（2）They don’t work hard, do they? 他們不太努力工作，是嗎？
Yes, they do. 不，他們工作努力。/No, they don't. 是的， 他們工作不努力
否定反義疑問句的回答
當陳述部分為肯定式，反義疑問句為否定式時，其回答一般不會造成困難，一般只需照情況回答即可：
"It’s new, isn’t it?" "Yes, it is." “是新的，不是嗎？”“是，是新的。”
"He wants to go, doesn’t he?" "No, he doesn’t." “他想去，不是嗎？”“不，他不想去。”
此時，"Yes"即是，對前面"It's new."的肯定。
回答反義疑問句的原則
回答反意疑問句通常應根據實際情況來確定，如有人問你You are asleep, aren’t you? 你應回答No, I’m not. 因為既然你能回答，肯定你還沒有asleep。但如果別人問你 You aren’t asleep, are you?(你還沒有睡著，對嗎)，你也只能回答No, I’m not.(是的，還沒有睡著)，而不能回答為Yes, I’m not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am.
“It is a beautiful flower，isn't it？” “It isn't a beautiful flower，is it？”
上述兩句句子的回答肯定均為“Yes，it is."否定為“No，it isn't."
由上述例子可知，反義疑問句回答與句子本身所包含的中文肯定與否的含義並無太大關聯，只需注意事實，肯定即用yes，否定用no，無需考慮句子原本是前否後肯或是前肯後否。
建議在答題時，先按照實際寫後面的答句，再根據前後一致原則寫Yes或No。
口訣
反意疑問並不難，陳述疑問句中含。
前後肯否恰相反，否定詞綴不能算。
主謂時態要一致，特殊情況記心田。
實際情況來回答，再把yes和no練。
綜上所述，反義疑問句回答就是按實際情況回答。
對反意疑問句的回答，無論問題的提法如何，如果事實是肯定的，就用yes，事實是否定的，就要用no。但是，翻譯成漢語意思剛好相反，這種回答的yes要譯成“不”，no要譯成“是”。
例：—He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜歡踢足球，不是嗎？
—Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是。
—His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹沒有參加會議，是嗎？
—Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不，她參加了。/ 是的，她沒參加。
簡要總結反意疑問句19條：
(1) 陳述部分的主語是I，疑問部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?
(2) 陳述部分的謂語是wish，疑問部分要用may +主語。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
(3) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時，疑問部分用肯定含義。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (開花), do they ?
(4) 含有ought to 的反意疑問句，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主語。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
(5) 陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑問部分常用don't +主語（didn't +主語）。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
(6) 陳述部分的謂語是used to 時，疑問部分用didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
(7) 陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
(8) 陳述部分有would rather +v.，疑問部分多用 wouldn't +主語。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
(9) 陳述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑問部分用wouldn't +主語。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
(10) 陳述部分有must 的疑問句，疑問部分根據實際情況而定。
He must be a doctor, needn’t he?
You must have studied English for three years, needn’t you?
He must have finished it yesterday, needn't he?
(11) 感嘆句中，疑問部分用否定的助動詞加sb/sth？如：
【1】What a fine day it is today！
What a fine day it is today，isn“t it？
【2】How fast he runs！
How fast he runs，doesn”t he？
【3】What a long time we have been waiting！
What a long time we have been waiting ，haven“t we？
(12) 陳述部分由neither… nor, either… or 連線的並列主語時，疑問部分根據其實際邏輯意義而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
(13) 陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
(14)陳述部分為主語從句或並列複合句，疑問部分有三種情況：
a. 並列複合句疑問部分，謂語動詞根據鄰近從句的謂語而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b. 帶有定語從句，賓語從句的主從複合句，疑問部分謂語根據主句的謂語而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he? 他不是給我們演講的人，是嗎？
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he? 他說他想去日本參觀，不是嗎？
c. 上述部分主句謂語是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導的賓語從句，疑問部分與賓語從句相對應構成反義疑問句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
(15) 陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑問部分常用複數they，有時也用單數he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (doesn't he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
(16) 帶情態動詞dare或need的反意疑問句，疑問部分常用 need (dare ) +主語。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare he?
當dare, need 為實義動詞時，疑問部分用助動詞do + 主語。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
(17) 省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意： Let's 開頭的祈使句，後用shall we?
Let us 開頭的祈使句，後用will you?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
(18) 陳述部分是"there be"結構的，疑問部分用there省略主語代詞。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
(19) 否定前綴不能視為否定詞，其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
有些動詞如：cost hurt hit put 等，它們的過去時與原型相同，在肯定句中一定要先弄清楚它們是什麼時態：
（20）The skirt made of silk cost you a lot of money，（ ）？
A.didn't it B.didn't you
C.doesn't it D.don't you
句中主語是the skirt，排除 B D，主語是三單，可斷定cost是過去時，所以選 A 。
重點歸納
快速記憶表
陳述部分的謂語 | 疑問部分 |
I/主語 | aren't I / are I |
no, | 肯定含義 |
ought to（肯定的） | oughtn't +主語 |
have to+v.(had to+v.) | don't +主語(didn't +主語) |
used to+v. | didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語 |
had better + v. | hadn't you |
would rather + v. | wouldn't +主語 |
you'd like to + v. | wouldn't +主語 |
must | 根據實際情況而定 |
感嘆句 | be +主語 |
主語用it | |
並列複合句 | 謂語根據鄰近從句的謂語而定 |
根據主句的謂語而定 | |
think,believe,expect, suppose,imagine等引導 | 與賓語從句相對應的從句 |
everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one | 複數they, 單數he |
情態動詞dare或need | need/needn't (dare/daren't ) +主語 |
dare, need 為實義動詞 | do/don't +主語 |
省去主語的祈使句 | will/won't you？ |
Let's 開頭的祈使句 | Shall we? |
Let us 開頭的祈使句 | Will you? |
there be | |
仍用否定形式 |
其他信息
幾乎各國語言中都有反義疑問句存在。在不同的語言中，由於語言習慣的差異，對反義疑問句的回答方法各有不同。其中不外乎兩種：
一、以中文為代表的反義疑問句
以中文為代表的反義疑問句包括中文，俄語等。其特點是“‘是’或‘不是’表示我同意或不同意對方說的話”
如中文：你難道不喜歡看電影么？
當回答：
不，我喜歡。
此時，說話人認為對方說得不對，所以用“不”來首先回答。
二、以英文為代表的反義疑問句
以英文為代表的反義疑問句除英文外尚有德語，法語等。其特點是“‘是’或‘不是’表示說話人對事實的認識”
如德語Es regnet nicht?（外面沒在下雨么？）
回答：
Nein，es regnet nicht（是的，沒在下雨）
說話人本人認為沒在下雨，所以用表示否定的Nein事先回答
以上是各種語言中可能出現的反義疑問句的情況，在語言學習的過程中，應認真體會，確保不出現錯誤
反義疑問句的回答
對反意疑問句的回答，無論問題的提法如何，如果事實是肯定的，就用yes，事實是否定的，就要用no。要特別注意陳述句部分是否定結構，反意疑問句部分用肯定式提問時，回答yes或no與漢語正好相反。這種省略回答的yes要譯成“不”，no要譯成“是”。
例 ---He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜歡踢足球，是嗎？ ---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是。 ---His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹沒有參加會議，是嗎？ ---Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不，她參加了。/ 是的，她沒參加。 簡要總結反意疑問句19條：
(1) 陳述部分的主語是I，疑問部分要用 aren't I. I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
(2) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時，疑問部分用肯定含義The Swede made no answer, did he / she? Some plants never blown (開花), do they ?
(3) 含有ought to 的反意疑問句，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主語。 He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
(4) 陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑問部分常用don't +主語（didn't +主語）。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
(5) 陳述部分的謂語是used to 時，疑問部分用didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語。 He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
(6) 陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問句部分用hadn't you? You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
7) 陳述部分有would rather +v.，疑問部分多用 wouldn't +主語。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
(8) 陳述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑問部分用wouldn't +主語。 You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
(9) 陳述部分有must 的疑問句，疑問部分根據實際情況而定。 He must be a doctor, isn't he? You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you? He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
(10) 感嘆句中，疑問部分用be +主語。 What colours, aren't they? What a smell, isn't it?
(11) 陳述部分由neither… nor, either… or 連線的並列主語時，疑問部分根據其實際邏輯意義而定。 Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
(12) 陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語用it。 Everything is ready, isn't it?
13) 陳述部分為主語從句或並列複合句，疑問部分有三種情況： a. 並列複合句疑問部分，謂語動詞根據鄰近從句的謂語而定。 Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he? He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he? He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he? c. 上述部分主句謂語是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導的定語從句，疑問部分與賓語從句相對應構成反義疑問句。 I don't think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, can't she?
(14) 陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑問部分常用複數they，有時也用單數he。 Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (doesn't he?) Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
(15) 帶情態動詞dare或need的反意疑問句，疑問部分常用 need (dare ) +主語。 We need not do it again, need we ? He dare not say so, dare you? 當dare, need 為實義動詞時，疑問部分用助動詞do + 主語。 She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
(16) 省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you。 Don't do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / won't you ? 注意： Let's 開頭的祈使句，後用shall we? Let us 開頭的祈使句，後用will you? Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
(17) 陳述部分是"there be"結構的，疑問部分用there省略主語代詞。 There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? There will not be any trouble, will there?
(18 否定前綴不能視為否定詞，其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。 It is impossible, isn't it? He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
