鸕鶿是鰹鳥目鸕鶿科鸕鶿屬的鳥類,別名魚鷹或水老鴉。身體呈流線型,下體較扁平,頸長而柔韌,翅寬長且鈍,腳強健有力並置後。虹膜紅色;喙灰黑色;腳黑綠色;周身幾乎全部黑色而具有綠褐色的金屬光澤;繁殖期頭後具白色絲狀羽,下脅處有一白斑,非繁殖期這些特徵消失。幼鳥體羽為褐色。
鸕鶿在國外廣布於南美洲和南極洲之外的其他大洲。在中國各地的適宜生境都有分布,北方多為夏候鳥,南方為冬候鳥或留鳥。以各種魚類為食,也食兩棲類、甲殼類、頭足類和其他無脊椎動物,存在群體捕食或者合作捕食行為。標準繁殖周期為19—20周,在季節性氣候條件下,一般每年成功繁殖1次,窩卵數為1—6枚,淡藍色,長梨形,孵化期為28—32天。
鸕鶿已納入國家保護的有重要生態、科學、社會價值的陸生野生動物。
基本介紹
形態特徵
![鸕鶿 鸕鶿](/img/2/754/wM2YmNkRGNlVzM1gjM2ADZ0EDZ4ADO3IDOzkjYlJjZyEDZ2MzNlVTNvMWaw9SbvNmLz9mYlNmYu4GZj5yZtl2ai9yL6MHc0RHa.jpg)
棲息環境
生活習性
分布範圍
該屬種類
中文名稱 | 學 名 | 英文名稱 | 命名者及年代 | |
1. | Phalacrocorax africanus | Reed Cormorant | J. F. Gmelin, 1789 | |
2. | Phalacrocorax aristotelis | European Shag | Linnaeus, 1761 | |
3. | Phalacrocorax atriceps | Imperial Shag | King, 1828 | |
4. | Phalacrocorax auritus | Double-crested Cormorant | Lesson, 1831 | |
5. | Phalacrocorax bougainvillii | Guanay Cormorant | Lesson, 1837 | |
6. | Phalacrocorax bransfieldensis | Antarctic Shag | Murphy, 1936 | |
7. | Phalacrocorax brasilianus | Neotropic Cormorant | J. F. Gmelin, 1789 | |
8. | Phalacrocorax campbelli | Campbell Island Shag | Filhol, 1878 | |
9. | Phalacrocorax capensis | Cape Cormorant | Sparrman, 1788 | |
10. | Phalacrocorax capillatus | Japanese Cormorant | Temminck & Schlegel, 1850 | |
11. | Phalacrocorax carbo | Cormorant | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
12. | Phalacrocorax carunculatus | Rough-faced Shag | J. F. Gmelin, 1789 | |
13. | Phalacrocorax chalconotus | Bronzed Shag | Gray, 1845 | |
14. | Phalacrocorax colensoi | Auckland Islands Shag | Buller, 1888 | |
15. | Phalacrocorax coronatus | Crowned Cormorant | Wahlberg, 1855 | |
16. | Phalacrocorax featherstoni | Pitt Island Shag | Buller, 1873 | |
17. | Phalacrocorax fuscescens | Black-faced Cormorant | Vieillot, 1817 | |
18. | Phalacrocorax fuscicollis | Indian Cormorant | Stephens, 1826 | |
19. | Phalacrocorax gaimardi | Red-legged Cormorant | Lesson & Garnot, 1828 | |
20. | Phalacrocorax georgianus | South Georgia Shag | Lonnberg, 1906 | |
21. | Phalacrocorax harrisi | Flightless Cormorant | Rothschild, 1898 | |
22. | Phalacrocorax magellanicus | Rock Shag | J. F. Gmelin, 1789 | |
23. | Phalacrocorax melanogenis | Crozet Shag | Blyth, 1860 | |
24. | Phalacrocorax melanoleucos | Little Pied Cormorant | Vieillot, 1817 | |
25. | Phalacrocorax neglectus | Bank Cormorant | Wahlberg, 1855 | |
26. | Phalacrocorax niger | Little Cormorant | Vieillot, 1817 | |
27. | Phalacrocorax nigrogularis | Socotra Cormorant | Ogilvie-Grant & Forbes, 1899 | |
28. | Phalacrocorax nivalis | Heard Shag | Falla, 1937 | |
29. | Phalacrocorax onslowi | Chatham Islands Shag | Forbes, 1893 | |
30. | Phalacrocorax pelagicus | Pelagic Cormorant | Pallas, 1811 | |
31. | Phalacrocorax penicillatus | Brandt's Cormorant | Brandt, 1837 | |
32. | Phalacrocorax punctatus | Spotted Shag | Sparrman, 1786 | |
33. | Phalacrocorax purpurascens | Macquarie Shag | Brandt, 1837 | |
34. | Phalacrocorax pygmaeus | Pygmy Cormorant | Pallas, 1773 | |
35. | Phalacrocorax ranfurlyi | Bounty Islands Shag | Ogilvie-Grant, 1901 | |
36. | Phalacrocorax sulcirostris | Little Black Cormorant | Brandt, 1837 | |
37. | Phalacrocorax urile | Red-faced Cormorant | J. F. Gmelin, 1789 | |
38. | Phalacrocorax varius | Pied Cormorant | J. F. Gmelin, 1789 | |
39. | Phalacrocorax verrucosus | Kerguelen Shag | Cabanis, 1875 |
繁殖方式
保護級別
相關文化
![鸕鶿 鸕鶿](/img/2/4b5/mJWO3U2YzMmNjJzMkRDMwATM5UTYjNzNvMWaw9SbvNmLz9mYlNmYu4GZj5yZtl2ai9yL6MHc0RHa.jpg)
分布範圍
該屬種類
中文名稱 | 學 名 | 英文名稱 | 命名者及年代 | |
1. | Phalacrocorax africanus | Reed Cormorant | J. F. Gmelin, 1789 | |
2. | Phalacrocorax aristotelis | European Shag | Linnaeus, 1761 | |
3. | Phalacrocorax atriceps | Imperial Shag | King, 1828 | |
4. | Phalacrocorax auritus | Double-crested Cormorant | Lesson, 1831 | |
5. | Phalacrocorax bougainvillii | Guanay Cormorant | Lesson, 1837 | |
6. | Phalacrocorax bransfieldensis | Antarctic Shag | Murphy, 1936 | |
7. | Phalacrocorax brasilianus | Neotropic Cormorant | J. F. Gmelin, 1789 | |
8. | Phalacrocorax campbelli | Campbell Island Shag | Filhol, 1878 | |
9. | Phalacrocorax capensis | Cape Cormorant | Sparrman, 1788 | |
10. | Phalacrocorax capillatus | Japanese Cormorant | Temminck & Schlegel, 1850 | |
11. | Phalacrocorax carbo | Cormorant | Linnaeus, 1758 | |
12. | Phalacrocorax carunculatus | Rough-faced Shag | J. F. Gmelin, 1789 | |
13. | Phalacrocorax chalconotus | Bronzed Shag | Gray, 1845 | |
14. | Phalacrocorax colensoi | Auckland Islands Shag | Buller, 1888 | |
15. | Phalacrocorax coronatus | Crowned Cormorant | Wahlberg, 1855 | |
16. | Phalacrocorax featherstoni | Pitt Island Shag | Buller, 1873 | |
17. | Phalacrocorax fuscescens | Black-faced Cormorant | Vieillot, 1817 | |
18. | Phalacrocorax fuscicollis | Indian Cormorant | Stephens, 1826 | |
19. | Phalacrocorax gaimardi | Red-legged Cormorant | Lesson & Garnot, 1828 | |
20. | Phalacrocorax georgianus | South Georgia Shag | Lonnberg, 1906 | |
21. | Phalacrocorax harrisi | Flightless Cormorant | Rothschild, 1898 | |
22. | Phalacrocorax magellanicus | Rock Shag | J. F. Gmelin, 1789 | |
23. | Phalacrocorax melanogenis | Crozet Shag | Blyth, 1860 | |
24. | Phalacrocorax melanoleucos | Little Pied Cormorant | Vieillot, 1817 | |
25. | Phalacrocorax neglectus | Bank Cormorant | Wahlberg, 1855 | |
26. | Phalacrocorax niger | Little Cormorant | Vieillot, 1817 | |
27. | Phalacrocorax nigrogularis | Socotra Cormorant | Ogilvie-Grant & Forbes, 1899 | |
28. | Phalacrocorax nivalis | Heard Shag | Falla, 1937 | |
29. | Phalacrocorax onslowi | Chatham Islands Shag | Forbes, 1893 | |
30. | Phalacrocorax pelagicus | Pelagic Cormorant | Pallas, 1811 | |
31. | Phalacrocorax penicillatus | Brandt's Cormorant | Brandt, 1837 | |
32. | Phalacrocorax punctatus | Spotted Shag | Sparrman, 1786 | |
33. | Phalacrocorax purpurascens | Macquarie Shag | Brandt, 1837 | |
34. | Phalacrocorax pygmaeus | Pygmy Cormorant | Pallas, 1773 | |
35. | Phalacrocorax ranfurlyi | Bounty Islands Shag | Ogilvie-Grant, 1901 | |
36. | Phalacrocorax sulcirostris | Little Black Cormorant | Brandt, 1837 | |
37. | Phalacrocorax urile | Red-faced Cormorant | J. F. Gmelin, 1789 | |
38. | Phalacrocorax varius | Pied Cormorant | J. F. Gmelin, 1789 | |
39. | Phalacrocorax verrucosus | Kerguelen Shag | Cabanis, 1875 |
繁殖方式
保護級別
相關文化
![鸕鶿(鸕(鳥類)) 鸕鶿(鸕(鳥類))](/img/2/4b5/mJWO3U2YzMmNjJzMkRDMwATM5UTYjNzNvMWaw9SbvNmLz9mYlNmYu4GZj5yZtl2ai9yL6MHc0RHa.jpg)