鶇科(學名:Turdidae)的鳥類主要是中小型鳴禽,共有60屬341種953亞種,中國約18屬80種。由鶇、和平鳥、鴝等所組成。體型和生活方式有一定差異,多在地面棲息,善於奔跑,但也善於飛行及樹棲,善於鳴叫。鶇科除南極洲外世界各地均有分布。其中烏鶇和紅胸鴝分別是瑞典和英國的國鳥,而新疆歌鴝則是熟知的夜鶯,旅鶇和黃褐森鶇,還包括詩歌中提到的藍知更鳥和烏鶇。地鶇於1828年最後一次出現於皮爾(Peel)島、小笠原群島,已滅絕。
鶇(Turdus ulietensis)自1774年在靠近塔西提島的賴阿特阿(Raiatea)島、社會群島發現以來,從此再沒有見過,已滅絕。鶇科包括許多種極優秀的鳴禽,專食蠕蟲或昆蟲的幼體或食水果 。
基本介紹
外形特徵
棲息環境
生活習性
分布範圍
該科種類
中文名稱 | 學 名 | 中文名稱 | 學 名 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Alethe choloensis | 172 | Oenanthe deserti | ||
2 | Alethe diademata | 173 | Oenanthe finschii | ||
3 | Alethe fuelleborni | 174 | Oenanthe heuglini | ||
4 | Alethe poliocephala | 175 | Oenanthe hispanica | ||
5 | Alethe poliophrys | 176 | Oenanthe isabellina | ||
6 | Amalocichla incerta | 177 | Oenanthe leucopyga | ||
7 | Amalocichla sclateriana | 178 | Oenanthe leucura | ||
8 | Arcanator orostruthus | 179 | Oenanthe lugens | ||
9 | Brachypteryx hyperythra | 180 | Oenanthe moesta | ||
10 | Brachypteryx leucophrys | 181 | Oenanthe monacha | ||
11 | Brachypteryx montana | 182 | Oenanthe monticola | ||
12 | Brachypteryx montana | 183 | Oenanthe oenanthe | ||
13 | Brachypteryx stellata | 184 | Oenanthe phillipsi | ||
14 | Cataponera turdoides | 185 | Oenanthe picata | ||
15 | Catharus aurantiirostris | 186 | Oenanthe pileata | ||
16 | Catharus bicknelli | 187 | Oenanthe pleschanka | ||
17 | Catharus dryas | 188 | Oenanthe xanthoprymna | ||
18 | Catharus frantzii | 189 | Phoenicurus alaschanicus | ||
19 | Catharus fuscater | 190 | Phoenicurus auroreus | ||
20 | Catharus fuscescens | 191 | Phoenicurus caeruleocephalus | ||
21 | Catharus gracilirostris | 192 | Phoenicurus erythrogaster | ||
22 | Catharus guttatus | 193 | Phoenicurus erythronotus | ||
23 | Catharus mexicanus | 194 | Phoenicurus frontalis | ||
24 | Catharus minimus | 195 | Phoenicurus hodgsoni | ||
25 | Catharus occidentalis | 196 | Phoenicurus moussieri | ||
26 | Catharus ustulatus | 197 | Phoenicurus ochruros | ||
27 | Cercomela dubia | 198 | Phoenicurus phoenicurus | ||
28 | Cercomela familiaris | 199 | Phoenicurus schisticeps | ||
29 | Cercomela fusca | 200 | Pinarornis plumosus | ||
30 | Cercomela melanura | 201 | Platycichla flavipes | ||
31 | Cercomela schlegelii | 202 | Platycichla leucops | ||
32 | Cercomela scotocerca | 203 | Pogonocichla stellata | ||
33 | Cercomela sinuata | 204 | Pseudocossyphus bensoni | ||
34 | Cercomela sordida | 205 | Pseudocossyphus imerinus | ||
35 | Cercomela tractrac | 206 | Pseudocossyphus sharpei | ||
36 | Cercotrichas barbata | 207 | Psophocichla litsipsirupa | ||
37 | Cercotrichas coryphaeus | 208 | Rhyacornis bicolor | ||
38 | Cercotrichas galactotes | 209 | Rhyacornis fuliginosus | ||
39 | Cercotrichas hartlaubi | 210 | Ridgwayia pinicola | ||
40 | Cercotrichas leucophrys | 211 | Saxicola caprata | ||
41 | Cercotrichas leucosticta | 212 | Saxicola dacotiae | ||
42 | Cercotrichas minor | 213 | Saxicola ferrea | ||
43 | Cercotrichas paena | 214 | Saxicola gutturalis | ||
44 | Cercotrichas podobe | 215 | Saxicola insignis | ||
45 | Cercotrichas qaudrivirgata | 216 | Saxicola jerdoni | ||
46 | Cercotrichas signata | 217 | Saxicola leucura | ||
47 | Chaetops aurantius | 218 | Saxicola macrorhyncha | ||
48 | Chaetops frenatus | 219 | Saxicola rubetra | ||
49 | Chaimarrornis leucocephalus | 220 | Saxicola tectes | ||
50 | Chlamydochaera jefferyi | 221 | Saxicola torquata | ||
51 | Cichladusa arquata | 222 | Saxicoloides fulicata | ||
52 | Cichladusa guttata | 223 | Sheppardia aequatorialis | ||
53 | Cichladusa ruficauda | 224 | Sheppardia bocagei | ||
54 | Cichlherminia lherminieri | 225 | Sheppardia cyornithopsis | ||
55 | Cichlopsis leucogenys | 226 | Sheppardia gabela | ||
56 | Cinclidium diana | 227 | Sheppardia gunningi | ||
57 | Cinclidium frontale | 228 | Sheppardia lowei | ||
58 | Cinclidium leucurum | 229 | Sheppardia montana | ||
59 | Cinclocerthia gutturalis | 230 | Sheppardia sharpei | ||
60 | Cinclocerthia ruficauda | 231 | Sialia currucoides | ||
61 | Cinclosoma ajax | 232 | Sialia mexicana | ||
62 | Cinclosoma castaneothorax | 233 | Sialia sialis | ||
63 | Cinclosoma castanotus | 234 | Stiphrornis erythrothorax | ||
64 | Cinclosoma cinnamomeum | 235 | Swynnertonia swynnertoni | ||
65 | Cinclosoma punctatum | 236 | Tarsiger chrysaeus | ||
66 | Cochoa azurea | 237 | Tarsiger cyanurus | ||
67 | Cochoa beccarii | 238 | Tarsiger hyperythrus | ||
68 | Cochoa purpurea | 239 | Tarsiger indicus | ||
69 | Cochoa viridis | 240 | Tarsiger johnstoniae | ||
70 | Copsychus albospecularis | 241 | Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris | ||
71 | Copsychus cebuensis | 242 | Thamnolaea semirufa | ||
72 | Copsychus luzoniensis | 243 | Trichixos pyrropygus | ||
73 | Copsychus malabaricus | 244 | Turdus albicollis | ||
74 | Copsychus niger | 245 | Turdus albocinctus | ||
75 | Copsychus saularis | 246 | Turdus amaurochalinus | ||
76 | Copsychus sechellarum | 247 | Turdus assimilis | ||
77 | Copsychus stricklandii | 248 | Turdus aurantius | ||
78 | Cossypha albicapilla | 249 | Turdus bewsheri | ||
79 | Cossypha anomala | 250 | Turdus boulboul | ||
80 | Cossypha archeri | 251 | Turdus cardis | ||
81 | Cossypha caffra | 252 | Turdus celaenops | ||
82 | Cossypha cyanocampter | 253 | Turdus chiguanco | ||
83 | Cossypha dichroa | 254 | Turdus chrysolaus | ||
84 | Cossypha heinrichi | 255 | Turdus dissimilis | ||
85 | Cossypha heuglini | 256 | Turdus falcklandii | ||
86 | Cossypha humeralis | 257 | Turdus feae | ||
87 | Cossypha isabellae | 258 | Turdus fulviventris | ||
88 | Cossypha natalensis | 259 | Turdus fumigatus | ||
89 | Cossypha niveicapilla | 260 | Turdus fuscater | ||
90 | Cossypha polioptera | 261 | Turdus grayi | ||
91 | Cossypha roberti | 262 | Turdus haplochrous | ||
92 | Cossypha semirufa | 263 | Turdus hauxwelli | ||
93 | Drymodes brunneopygia | 264 | Turdus hortulorum | ||
94 | Drymodes superciliaris | 265 | Turdus ignobillis | ||
95 | Dumetella carolinensis | 266 | Turdus iliacus | ||
96 | Enicurus immaculatus | 267 | Turdus infuscatus | ||
97 | Enicurus leschenaulti | 268 | Turdus jamaicensis | ||
98 | Enicurus maculatus | 269 | Turdus kessleri | ||
99 | Enicurus ruficapillus | 270 | Turdus lawrencii | ||
100 | Enicurus schistaceus | 271 | Turdus leucomelas | ||
101 | Enicurus scouleri | 272 | Turdus libonyanus | ||
102 | Enicurus velatus | 273 | Turdus maculirostris | ||
103 | Entomodestes coracinus | 274 | Turdus maranonicus | ||
104 | Entomodestes leucotis | 275 | Turdus menachensis | ||
105 | Erithacus akahige | 276 | Turdus merula | ||
106 | Erithacus komadori | 277 | Turdus migratorius | ||
107 | Erithacus rubecula | 278 | Turdus mupinensis | ||
108 | Eupetes macrocerus | 279 | Turdus naumanni | ||
109 | Hodgsonius phaenicuroides | 280 | Turdus nigrescens | ||
110 | Hylocichla mustelina | 281 | Turdus nigriceps | ||
111 | Ifrita kowaldi | 282 | Turdus nudigenis | ||
112 | Irania gutteralis | 283 | Turdus obscurus | ||
113 | Ixoreus naevius | 284 | Turdus obsoletus | ||
114 | Luscinia brunnea | 285 | Turdus olivaceofuscus | ||
115 | Luscinia calliope | 286 | Turdus olivaceus | ||
116 | Luscinia cyane | 287 | Turdus olivater | ||
117 | Luscinia luscinia | 288 | Turdus pallidus | ||
118 | Luscinia megarhynchos | 289 | Turdus pelios | ||
119 | Luscinia obscura | 290 | Turdus philomelos | ||
120 | Luscinia pectardens | 291 | Turdus pilaris | ||
121 | Luscinia pectoralis | 292 | Turdus plebejus | ||
122 | Luscinia ruficeps | 293 | Turdus plumbeus | ||
123 | Luscinia sibilans | 294 | Turdus poliocephalus | ||
124 | Luscinia svecicus | 295 | Turdus reevei | ||
125 | Modulatrix stictigula | 296 | Turdus rubrocanus | ||
126 | Monticola angolensis | 297 | Turdus ruficollis | ||
127 | Monticola brevipes | 298 | Turdus rufitorques | ||
128 | Monticola cinclorhynchus | 299 | Turdus rufiventris | ||
129 | Monticola explorator | 300 | Turdus rufopalliatus | ||
130 | Monticola gularis | 301 | Turdus serranus | ||
131 | Monticola rufiventris | 302 | Turdus subalaris | ||
132 | Monticola rufocinereus | 303 | Turdus swalesi | ||
133 | Monticola rupestris | 304 | Turdus tephronotus | ||
134 | Monticola saxatilis | 305 | Turdus torquatus | ||
135 | Monticola solitarius | 306 | Turdus unicolor | ||
136 | Myadestes coloratus | 307 | Turdus viscivorus | ||
137 | Myadestes elisabeth | 308 | Xenocopsychus ansorgei | ||
138 | Myadestes genibarbis | 309 | Zoothera andromedae | ||
139 | Myadestes lanaiensis | 310 | Zoothera cameronensis | ||
140 | Myadestes melanops | 311 | Zoothera cinerea | ||
141 | Myadestes myadestinus | 312 | Zoothera citrina | ||
142 | Myadestes obscurus | 313 | Zoothera crossleyi | ||
143 | Myadestes occidentalis | 314 | Zoothera dauma | ||
144 | Myadestes palmeri | 315 | Zoothera dixoni | ||
145 | Myadestes ralloides | 316 | Zoothera dohertyi | ||
146 | Myadestes townsendi | 317 | Zoothera dumasi | ||
147 | Myadestes unicolor | 318 | Zoothera erythronota | ||
148 | Myophonus blighi | 319 | Zoothera everetti | ||
149 | Myophonus caeruleus | 320 | Zoothera gurneyi | ||
150 | Myophonus glaucinus | 321 | Zoothera guttata | ||
151 | Myophonus horsfieldii | 322 | Zoothera heinei | ||
152 | Myophonus insularis | 323 | Zoothera horsfieldi | ||
153 | Myophonus melanurus | 324 | Zoothera interpres | ||
154 | Myophonus robinsoni | 325 | Zoothera lunulata | ||
155 | Myrmecocichla aethiops | 326 | Zoothera machiki | ||
156 | Myrmecocichla albifrons | 327 | Zoothera major | ||
157 | Myrmecocichla arnotti | 328 | Zoothera margaretae | ||
158 | Myrmecocichla formicivora | 329 | Zoothera marginata | ||
159 | Myrmecocichla melaena | 330 | Zoothera mollissima | ||
160 | Myrmecocichla nigra | 331 | Zoothera monticola | ||
161 | Myrmecocichla tholloni | 332 | Zoothera oberlaenderi | ||
162 | Namibornis herero | 333 | Zoothera peronii | ||
163 | Neocossyphus finschii | 334 | Zoothera piaggiae | ||
164 | Neocossyphus fraseri | 335 | Zoothera princei | ||
165 | Neocossyphus poensis | 336 | Zoothera schistacea | ||
166 | Neocossyphus rufus | 337 | Zoothera sibirica | ||
167 | Nesocichla eremita | 338 | Zoothera spiloptera | ||
168 | Oenanthe alboniger | 339 | Zoothera talaseae | ||
169 | Oenanthe bifasciata | 340 | Zoothera tanganjicae | ||
170 | Oenanthe bottae | 341 | Zoothera wardii | ||
171 | Oenanthe cypriaca |