英漢互譯實踐與技巧（第五版）

內容簡介

本書是為非英語專業的大學生及研究生編寫的英漢互譯教程。其主要內容包括：翻譯基本理論知識與原則；常用翻譯方法、技能與技巧；實用英旬拒辣漢互譯訓練和指導；有針對性的各類文體英漢互譯獨立練習。本教材內容經過清華大學等眾多高校課堂教學長期反覆使用，效果良好。所微全詢有練習均附有參考譯文，便於自學。

本書亦可供有志於提高翻譯技能並具有中等以上水平的自學者使用。

圖書目錄

Unit 1 Introduction: Translation and Translation Techniques

緒論：翻譯與翻譯技巧 . 1

Practice of the Relevant Skill 相關翻譯技巧訓練 . 1

I. Important Role of Translation 翻譯的重要作用 4

II. Nature and Scope of Translation 翻譯的性質奔烏市台和範圍 5

III. Principles or Criteria of Translation 翻譯的原則標準 . 6

IV. Literal Translation and Free Translation 直譯與意譯 . 7

V. Translation Techniques 翻譯技重主員棗巧種種 .10

Re ections and Practice 思考與練習 .11

Unit 2 Diction 遣詞用字 15

Practice of the Relevant Skill 相關翻譯技巧訓練 .15

I. Equivalence Between English and Chinese at Word Level

英漢字詞層面的剃備整對等關係20

1. Word-for-Word Equivalence 字詞對等 20

2. One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same Meaning 多詞同義 .20

3. One Word with Several Equivalents of Different Meanings 一詞多義 .21

4. Equivalents Interwoven with One Another 詞義交織 .21

5. Words Without Corresponding Equivalents 無對等詞語 21

II. Methods to Make out the Meaning of a Given Word 英語詞義辨析法 22

1. Judging by Word Formation 通過構詞法確定詞義 22

2. Judging by References 通過指代關係確定詞義 .22

3. Judging by Context and Collocation

通過上下文及習慣搭配確定詞義 .23

4. Judging by Branches of Learning and Specialties

按不同學科或專業門類確定詞義 .24

III. Techniques of Translating a Given English Word 英語詞語翻譯技巧鑽再拜 24

1. Deduction 推演法 24

2. Transplant 移植法 .25

3. Extension 引申法 25

4. Substitution 替代法 25

5. Explanation 釋義法 .25

6. Combination 合併法 26

7. Transliteration 音譯法 26

8. Pictographic Translation 圖形法 26

IV. Diction in C-E Translation 漢譯英的選詞用字26

Re ections and Practice 思考與練習 .28

Uuit 3 Conversion 轉換.31

Practice of the Relevant Skill 相關翻譯技巧訓練 .32

I. Conversion in E-C Translation 英譯漢的詞臭甩類轉換 35

1. Converting into Verbs 轉換成動詞 .35

2. Converting into Nouns 轉換成名詞 .36

3. Converting into Adjectives 轉換成形容詞 37

4. Converting into Adverbs 轉換成副詞 .38

5. The Conversion of Sentence Elements 句子成分轉換 .38

II. Conversions in C-E Translation 漢譯英的詞類轉換39

1. Converting Verbs into Other Parts of Speech 漢語動詞轉換成其他詞類 .39

2. Conversions Between Different Parts of Speech 各種詞類相互轉換 .40

Re ections and Practice 思考與練習 .41

Unit 4 Ampli cation 增添法 .43

Practice of the Relevant Skill 相關翻譯技巧訓練 .44

I. Ampli cation in E-C Translation 增詞法在英漢翻譯中的運用 48

1. Putting in Words Omitted in the Original 加入原文所省略的詞語 48

2. Putting in Necessary Connectives 加入必要的連線詞語 48

3. Putting in Words to Convey the Concept of Plurality 增詞以表達複數概念 .48

4. Putting in Words to Indicate Different Tenses or Sequences

增詞以表現不同的時態或先後順序 .48

5. Amplification by Common Sense 常識性增詞 49

6. Amplification for the Purpose of Rhetoric or Coherence 修辭性或連貫性增詞 .49

7. Amplification by Repetition 重複性增詞 49

II. Ampli cation in C-E Translation 增詞法在漢英翻譯中的運用 .49

1. Adding Necessary Pronouns 增添必要的代詞 49

2. Adding Necessary Articles 增添必要的冠詞 .50

3. Adding Necessary Connectives 增添必要的連線詞語 50

4. Adding Necessary Prepositions 增添必要的介詞 50

5. Adding Necessary Background Words 增添必要的背景詞語 .50

Re ections and Practice 思考與練習 .51

Unit 5 Omission 省略法 53

Practice of the Relevant Skill 相關翻譯技巧訓練 .54

I. Omission in E-C Translation 省略法在英漢翻譯中的運用 57

1. Omitting the Pronoun 省略代詞 57

2. Omitting the Article 省略冠詞 .57

3. Omitting the Preposition 省略介詞 57

4. Omitting the Conjunction 省略連詞 58

5. Omitting the Verb 省略動詞 58

6. Omitting the Impersonal Pronoun“It”省略非人稱代詞“It” 58

II. Omission in C-E Translation 省略法在漢英翻譯中的運用 .59

1. Omitting Redundant Words 省略冗詞贅語 .59

2. Omitting Words of Conceptual Category 省略概念範疇類詞語 59

3. Omitting Meticulous Descriptions 省略過詳的細節描述 .59

Re ections and Practice 思考與練習 .60

Unit 6 Restructuring 結構調整 .63

Practice of the Relevant Skill 相關翻譯技巧訓練 .64

I. Di erent Word Orders in English and Chinese 英漢語言的詞序差異 67

1. Different Modes of Thinking 不同的思維模式.67

2. Different Inversion Structures 不同的倒裝結構 68

II. Restructuring in E-C Translation 英漢翻譯的結構調整 .69

1. Keeping the Original Sequence 保持原文順序 .69

2. Reversing the Original Sequence 顛倒原文順序 .70

3. Restructuring by Time Sequence 按時間順序調整 70

4. Restructuring by Logical Sequence 按邏輯順序調整 .70

III. Restructuring in C-E Translation 漢英翻譯的結構調整 71

1. Different Sequences in Customary Word Combinations

不同的詞語習慣表達順序 71

2. Cases of Restructuring in C-E Translation 漢英翻譯的結構調整情況 71

Re ections and Practice 思考與練習 .72

Unit 7 Affirmative vs. Negative 肯定與否定 75

Practice of the Relevant Skill 相關翻譯技巧訓練 .76

I. Negation in E-C Translation 英譯漢的正反調換 79

1. Affirmative in English, but Negative in Chinese 英語為肯定，漢語譯作否定 80

2. Negative in English, but Affirmative in Chinese 英語為否定，漢語譯作肯定 80

3. Same English Wording, Either Affirmative or Negative in Chinese

譯作肯定否定均可 81

4. Double Negative for Emphasis 強調性雙重否定 .81

5. Roundabout Affirmative 間接式肯定 .81

6. Some Traps in Negative Structures 否定的陷阱 82

II. Negation in C-E Translation 漢譯英的正反調換 .83

1. Negation According to English Usage 按英語表達習慣譯作肯定或否定.83

2. Negation for Emphasis or Rhetorical Effect

從強調或修辭角度考慮譯作肯定或否定 .83

3. Negation to Convey Exactly the Original Meaning

用正反調換傳達出原文的確切意思 .83

Re ections and Practice 思考與練習 .84

Unit 8 The Passive Voice 被動語態 .87

Practice of the Relevant Skill 相關翻譯技巧訓練 .87

I. The Passive Voice in E-C Translation 英漢翻譯的被動語態 91

1. Converting the Passive Voice into the Active 將被動語態轉為主動結構 .91

2. Converting the Passive Voice into a Subjectless Sentence

將被動語態轉為無主句 .92

3. Keeping the Passive Structure Unchanged 被動語態保持不變 .92

4. Replacing the Passive Voice with Other Means 用其他手段代替被動語態 93

II. Passive Structures in C-E Translation 漢英翻譯的被動結構 .93

1. Chinese Sentences with Passive Labels 帶有被動標籤的漢語句子 .94

2. Chinese Sentences Without Passive Labels 不帶被動標籤的漢語句子 .94

3. Converting the Active Structure into the Passive Voice

將主動結構轉換為被動語態 94

4. The Translation of Some Idiomatic Chinese Expressions

一些漢語習慣表達的翻譯套路 95

Re ections and Practice 思考與練習 .95

Unit 9 Nominal Clauses 名詞性從句 .99

Practice of the Relevant Skill 相關翻譯技巧訓練 .99

I. The Translation of English Nominal Clauses 英語名詞性從句的翻譯 103

1. Subject Clauses 主語從句 . 103

2. Object Clauses 賓語從句 103

3. Predicative Clauses 表語從句 . 104

4. Appositive Clauses 同位語從句 104

II. The Translation of Chinese Complex Sentences 漢語複句的翻譯 105

1. Sentence Combination 句子的合併 105

2. Sentence Sequence 句序 106

Re ections and Practice 思考與練習 .107

Unit 10 Attributive Clauses 定語從句 110

Practice of the Relevant Skill 相關翻譯技巧訓練 .111

I. A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Attributive Structures

英漢定語結構的對比 113

II. Restrictive Attributive Clauses 限制性定語從句 114

1. Combination 合併法 . 114

2. Division 分譯法 . 115

3. Mixture 混合法 115

III. Non-Restrictive Attributive Clauses 非限制性定語從句 116

1. Division 分譯法 . 116

2. Combination 合併法 . 117

IV. Attributive Clauses Functioning as Adverbials 兼有狀語功能的定語從句 117

1. Translating into Adverbial Clauses of Cause 譯作原因句 . 118

2. Translating into Adverbial Clauses of Result 譯作結果句 . 118

3. Translating into Adverbial Clauses of Concession 譯作讓步句 . 118

4. Translating into Adverbial Clauses of Condition 譯作條件句 118

5. Translating into Adverbial Clauses of Purpose 譯作目的句 119

Re ections and Practice 思考與練習 .119

Unit 11 Adverbial Clauses 狀語從句 122

Practice of the Relevant Skill 相關翻譯技巧訓練 .122

I. The Translation of English Adverbial Clauses 英語狀語從句的翻譯 124

1. Adverbial Clauses of Time 時間狀語從句 . 125

2. Adverbial Clauses of Place 地點狀語從句 125

3. Adverbial Clauses of Cause 原因狀語從句 126

4. Adverbial Clauses of Condition 條件狀語從句 . 126

5. Adverbial Clauses of Concession 讓步狀語從句 . 126

6. Adverbial Clauses of Purpose 目的狀語從句 . 127

II. Adverbial Clauses in Chinese Complex Sentences 漢語複句中的狀語分句 127

1. Discerning Subordination 分清主次關係 127

2. Using Inanimate Subjects 使用無靈主語 . 127

Re ections and Practice 思考與練習 .128

Unit 12 Long Sentences 長句 .131

Practice of the Relevant Skill 相關翻譯技巧訓練 .132

I. Long Sentences in E-C Translation 英漢翻譯的長句處理 134

1. Two Stages and Five Steps 長句翻譯的兩個階段和五個步驟 . 134

2. Sample Analysis 長句分析示例 134

II. Methods of Translating Long English Sentences 英譯漢長句的翻譯方法 .136

1. Embedding 內嵌法 136

2. Dividing 切分法 137

3. Splitting 拆分法 138

4. Inserting 插入法 . 139

5. Recasting 重組法 . 139

III. Long Sentences in C-E Translation 漢譯英的長句處理 140

Re ections and Practice 思考與練習 .142

Unit 13 English for Science and Technology and Its Translation

科技英語及其翻譯 146

Practice of the Relevant Skill 相關翻譯技巧訓練 .146

I. Formation of English Technical Terms 英語科技詞語的構成 149

1. Affixation 綴合法 . 149

2. Compounding 複合法 . 150

3. Blending 縮合法 . 150

4. Acronyms 首字母縮略 . 150

5. Proper Nouns 專有名詞 151

II. Characteristic Syntax of EST 科技英語的句法特點 152

1.Long and Complicated Sentences 使用結構複雜長句 . 152

2. High Frequency of Noun Phrases 頻繁使用名詞短語 . 153

3. Extensive Use of the Passive Voice 廣泛使用被動語態 . 153

4. More Non-Finite Forms of the Verb 多使用非限定動詞 . 153

5. Different Uses of the Tense 時態的使用差異 154

6. The Post-Position of the Attributive 定語後置 . 154

III. Methods of Translating EST 科技英語的翻譯方法 155

1. Expanding Noun Phrases into Separate Clauses

將名詞性短語擴展成漢語分句 . 155

2. Converting Noun Phrases into Verb-Object Structures

將名詞性短語轉換成動賓結構 . 155

3. Converting Attributive Elements into Independent Sentences,

Adverbial Clauses, etc. 將定語成分轉換成獨立句、狀語分句等 . 155

4. Converting the Passive into the Active 將被動轉換成主動 . 155

5. Supplementing Necessary Words to Indicate Given Time

補充適當的詞語表示特定的時間 156

Re ections and Practice 思考與練習 .156

Unit 14 The Translation of Documentation 文獻的翻譯 .159

Practice of the Relevant Skill 相關翻譯技巧訓練 .160

I. The Translation of Contracts and Agreements 契約與協定的翻譯 162

II. The Translation of Proposals, Reports and Reviews

建議、報告與評論的翻譯164

III. The Translation of Patents and Trademarks 專利與商標的翻譯.166

IV. The Translation of Copyright Documents 著作權文獻的翻譯 168

V. The Translation of Bid-Documents 招標文獻的翻譯 .169

VI. The Translation of Abstracts, Indexes and Bibliographies

摘要、索引與文獻的翻譯 .171

Re ections and Practice 思考與練習 .174

Unit 15 Application Documents for Studying Abroad

出國留學申請翻譯 179

Practice of the Relevant Skill 相關翻譯技巧訓練 .179

I. Orienting Your Target 留學目標定位 .181

II. Résumé (Curriculum Vitae) 個人簡歷（履歷） 182

III. School Transcript (Academic Record) 學習成績單 .185

IV. Letters of Recommendation 推薦信 .188

V. Personal Statement (Statement of Purpose) 自我陳述 190

Re ections and Practice 思考與練習 .194

Unit 16 Developing Comprehensive Abilities Through Comparative

Studies and Practice

通過比較研究與實踐培養翻譯綜合能力 197

Practice of the Relevant Skill 相關翻譯技巧訓練 .198

I. A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Languages 英漢語言巨觀對比 .200

1. Synthetic vs. Analytic 綜合性與分析性 . 200

2. Compact vs. Diffusive 緊湊與鬆散 201

3. Hypotactic vs. Paratactic 形合與意合 201

4. Complex vs. Simplex 繁複與簡單 201

5. Impersonal vs. Personal 物稱與人稱 202

6. Passive vs. Active 被動與主動 202

7. Static vs. Dynamic 靜態與動態 203

8. Abstract vs. Concrete 抽象與具體 . 203

9. Roundabout vs. Straightforward 間接與直接 203

10.Substitutive vs. Repetitive 替換與重複 . 203

II. Developing Practical Abilities Through Comparative Studies and Practice

通過比較研究和實踐提高翻譯動手能力 .204

1. Language Sensibility 語感能力 . 204

2. Contextual Analysis 語境分析能力 205

3. Logical Thinking 邏輯思維能力 207

Re ections and Practice 思考與練習 .209

Appendix A Translation Exercises for Independent Work

英漢互譯獨立作業練習 .212

Appendix B Keys to Practice of the Relevant Skill and Exercises

相關翻譯技巧及練習答案 .248

Appendix C Keys to Translation Exercises for Independent Work

英漢互譯獨立作業練習參考譯文 .301

Bibliography 參考文獻 335

英漢互譯實踐與技巧（第五版）

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