祈使句(Imperative Sentence)是英語中的一個句式,也是用於表達命令、請求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子。祈使句最常用於表達命令,因此在學校文法中也常稱為命令句。
基本介紹
- 中文名:祈使句
- 外文名:Imperative Sentence
- 定義:表達命令、請求、勸告等的句子
- 別稱:命令句
結構
祈使句簡介
- Go and wash your hands.(去洗你的手。——命令)
- Be quiet,please.(Please be quiet.)(請安靜。——請求)
- Be kind to our sister.(對姊妹要和善。——勸告)
- Watch your steps.(走路小心。——警告)
- Look out!Danger!(小心!危險!——強烈警告,已如感嘆句)
- Keep off the grass.(勿踐草坪。——禁止)
- No parking.(禁止停車。——禁止)
- No eating or drinking.(禁止吃喝。——禁止)
- No littering.(禁止亂扔垃圾。——禁止)
例如:
You go and tell him, kris. (克立斯去告訴他。)
相關口訣
表現形式
- Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't構成:
如:
Don't forget me! 不要忘記我!
Don't make such a noise.不要這么吵。
Don't be late for school! 上學不要遲到!(是系表結構——也就是沒有行為動詞但是有形容詞的那種——就可以使用Don't be,有行為動詞的就不能這么用,只能用Don't。) - 有些可用no開頭,用來表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸菸!No fishing! 禁止釣魚!
Do sit down.務必請坐。
Do study hard.一定要努力學習。
Go this way,please.請這邊走。
陳述句:You sit down.你坐下來。
祈使句:Sit down.坐下(省略主語you)
- Don't swim in the river.別在河裡游泳。
- Don't be late.別遲到。
- Please don't be noisy.請不要大聲喧譁。
- Never answer the phone while driving. 決不在開車的時候接電話。
- No smoking!禁止吸菸!
- No parking!禁止停車!
- No entry!不準入內!
- No litter!不準亂扔雜物!
let祈使句
表示肯定
這個句型里的"let"後頭緊跟著一個第一人稱的代詞賓語。
如:
Let me try.
Let's do it.
Let me go and look for it.
這個句型語氣委婉,比直接的祈使句客氣。試比較以下a和b句:
a. Don't disturb him.
b. Let's not disturb him.
(a)是直接命令,語氣強烈,不如(b)溫柔悅耳。
這句型里的動詞賓語是第三人稱名詞或代詞。
如:
Let Robert take charge of the marketing department.
Let her join our choir.
這種祈使句里的賓語也是第三人稱為主。除了口氣兇悍之外,有時還語帶諷刺。
如:
Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own.
Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time.
表示否定
對於這件事,咱們什麼也不要說。
別讓他們玩火。
注意事項
c. Don't let this type of things happen again.
d. It's rainingnow. Let's not go out until after the rain.
Let the puppy out.
Open the windows and let the fresh air in.
The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down.
Let me alone,please.
如:
e. Let's try it,shall we?
f. Let us do it by ourselves,will you?
從(e)里的"shall we"和(f)里的"will you",不難知道前者包括聽話人,後者並沒有。祈使句表示請求、命令、建議等等。謂語動詞一律用原形。句子中通常不用主語,句末用驚嘆號或者句號,用降調。
強化預期
句型轉換
(1)祈使句=You must …(陳述句)
Come here .過來。=You must come here.你必須過來。
(2)Please +祈使句=Will you (please) ~?(陳述句)
Please help me .請幫幫我。
=Will you (please) help me你願意幫我的忙嗎?
Come here on time,please .請準時到這兒。
=Will you (please) come here on time請你準時到好嗎?
(3)含有第一、第三人稱主語的祈使句
Let‘s say good-bye here.我們在此道別吧。
Don't let him do that again.別讓他再那么做了..
祈使句有時相當一個“if”引導的條件狀語從句。
祈使句:Use your head and you'll find a way.
條件句:If you use your head,you'll find a way.
(1)Let's表示說話人向對方提出建議,簡短問句的主語用we表示,問句用 shall we或 shan't we。
如:
Let's have a cup of tea,shall we (shan't we)
(2)Let me或 Let us表示聽話人提出請求,問句用 will you或 won't you.
Let me have a rest,will you (won't you )
(3)其它的祈使句後可以加一個簡短問句,使語氣變得客氣一些.
如:
Have a rest,will you.
Stand up,will (won't) you.
英語用法
Stand up!
Don’t worry about!
但如果說話時有多人在場,就得把主語表示出來,或加呼語,以便指明是向誰提出請求或發出命令。如:
Parents with children go the front! 帶孩子的家長到前面去!
Mary clean the windows,and you boys wash the floor! 瑪麗擦窗戶,你們男孩子洗地板!
Come in,everybody! 每個人都進來!
有時將主語表示出來是為了加強語氣或表示“不高興”、“厭煩”、“鄙視”等情緒。如:
Don’t you be late again! 你可別再遲到了!
You get out of here! 你給我滾出去!
Mind your own business,you! 你少管閒事!
Let’s go! Let us go home!Let him be here by 10 o’clock.
祈使句除用謂語動詞表示外,還可用名詞、副詞、動詞短語等表示。如:
Help!
Patience!
Quickly!
Hands up!
Do be careful!
Do Stop talking!
Do give my regards to your parents!務必/一定代我向你父母問好!
Don'tanswer the phone while driving. 不要在開車的時候接電話。
Never answer the phone while driving. 決不在開車的時候接電話。
Let’s not waste our time arguing about it!咱們別浪費時間爭論這事了!
Let’s not say anything about it! 這事咱們誰也別說!
Pass me the book,will you?
Let’s go for a walk,shall we?
Let’s forget it,shall we?
Let us go for a walk,will you?
Listen to me,will you?Don’t tell anyone about it,will you?
但在肯定的祈使句後有時也用“won’t you?”表“提醒對方注意”或表“邀請”。如:
Have a cup of coffee,won’t you?
Come in and take a seat,won’t you/will you?
Hurry up and you’ll catch the train. (=If you hurry up,you’ll catch the train.)
Hurry up,or you’ll miss the train.(=If you don’t hurry up,you’ll miss the train.)
“Speak loudly,please!” the teacher said to me.(=The teacher asked me to speak loudly.)
“Don’t smoke in the meeting room!” he said to Tom.(=He told Tom not to smoke in the meeting room.)
努力學習些,你會趕上班裡其他同學的。
如果你學習再努力些,你會趕上班上其他同學的。