瞬間性動詞

這類動詞所表示的動作在瞬間就可以完成,不能延續下去,即動作從開始到結束所持續的時間極短。瞬間動詞往往表示動作的結果,或表示短暫性、一次性的動作。

基本介紹

  • 中文名:瞬間性動詞
  • 外文名:instant verb
  • 表示:非延續性詞義
  • 用法:與段時間狀語連用
  • 結構系表結構
延續性詞義,否定形式,被動結構,動詞,終止性動詞,延續性動詞,

延續性詞義

有些瞬間性動詞可以表示延續性詞義,這時它們就可以與段時間狀語連用了。例如:
I'm going away for a few days. 我要出去幾天。(go away 表示travel)
I went to Paris for two weeks. 我去了巴黎兩個星期。(go to表示 visit)
We go to the seaside for a week every August. 我們每年八月都要到海濱度過一個星期。(go 表示travel)
Sheleft me waiting in the rain for an hour. 她讓我在雨里等了一個小時。(leave表示cause sb. / sth. to be or remain in a particular state or position,即"使某人或某物處於某一特定的狀態"。)

否定形式

瞬間性動詞的否定形式可以表示某一狀態,這時,可以與段時間狀語連用。例如:
Don't get off until the bus stops. 等車停了再下車。(停車之前要處於呆在車上的狀態。)

被動結構

"be+瞬間性動詞的過去分詞"即系表結構也可以表示狀態,因此也可以與段時間狀語連用。例如:
They have been married for ten years. 他們結婚已經十年了。
The book has been lost for a week.那書已經丟了一周了。
當要表達瞬間性動作發生之後一段時間的概念時,可以有多種不同的表達方式。試比較:
湯姆到了三十分鐘了。
方法1:Tom has been here for 30 minutes.
方法2:It's 30 minutes since Tom arrived.
方法3:Tom got here 30 minutes ago.
艾麗絲直到她媽媽回來了才睡覺。
方法1: Alice didn't go to bed until her mother came back.
方法2: Alice stayed up until her mother came back.
你們認識多長時間了?
方法1: How long have you known each other?
方法2: How long ago did you get to know each other?
方法3: How long is it since you got to know each other?
Exercises:
根據漢語完成句子
1. 火車離開已經十五分鐘了。
(1)The train ______ ______ ______ for fifteen minutes.
(2) fifteen minutes the train left.
2. 我直到夜裡十二點才睡覺。
(1)I______ ______ ______ ______ until 12 at night.
(2)I______ ______ until 12 at night.
3. 他戒菸已經三個月了。
(1)______ three months______ he ______ ______ smoking.
(2)He______ ______ for three months.
4. 他爸爸去世已經三年了。
(1)His father ______ ______ ______ ______.
(2)His father______ ______ ______ for three years.
(3)______ three years______ his father______.
Key: 1. (1)has been gone (2)It's; since
2. (1)didn't go to bed (2)stayed up
3. (1)It's; since; gave up
(2)hasn't smoked
4. (1)died three years ago
(2)has been dead
(3)It's; since; died
可以用現在完成時,但不能加時間段

動詞

延續性動詞: live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write, dance,sing,smoke,swim 瞬間性動詞pen,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,start enter,finish,admit,join

終止性動詞

表示不能延續的動作,即動作發生後立即結束。如:begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close, come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,marry,reach,receive,open,sell,start,stop等。 終止性動詞的肯定式是不能持續的,所以不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用,而終止性的否定式就可以和表一段時間的狀語連用,因為否定本身就是可以延續的。 如:have a cold是持續性動詞,表示“狀態”,可與表延續性的時間狀語連用,不定冠詞不能省略。 I′ve had a cold since my arrival(到達 n.). I didn′t go to school because I had had a bad cold for days. catch a cold是短暫性動作,表“動態”:它不能和延續性時間狀語連用,不定冠詞“a”可有可無,catch可用take,get代替。 Put on your coat,or you′ll catch/take/get a cold. Take care not to get cold. 但是,若cold前有形容詞修飾時,則不定冠詞不能省。 如:Brown has taken a slight cold. 注意下列句子: I have caught a cold for over a week.(×) I have had a cold for over a week.(?)

延續性動詞

表示可以延續一段時間的動作或狀態。如:be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等。延續性動詞常不能和表示一個短暫具體的時間狀語連用;這類動詞如用於進行時態,則可以和表示一個短暫具體的時刻連用。 He worked at eight yesterday afternoon.(×) He was working at eight yesterday afternoon.(?)
代替終止性動詞的方法
a) 用延續性動詞代替終止性動詞  1、用have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.  2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.  3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher?  4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.  5、用wear代替put on b) 用“be+形容詞”代終止性動詞  1、be+married代marry  2、be+ill代fall (get) ill  3、be+dead代die  4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep  5、be+awake代wake/wake up  6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave  7、be+open代open  8、be closed代close/shut  9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose c) 用“be+副詞”代終止性動詞  1“be+on”代start,begin  2“be+up”代get up  3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to  4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 d) 用“be+介詞短語”代終止性動詞  1.“be in/at +地點”代替go to /come to  2.用be in the army 代替join the army  3.“be in/at +地點”代替move to somewhere

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