是睡眠學和腦電圖學的重要組成部分,也是當今世界上科學研究的熱點之一。PSG的問世對睡眠的研究具有決定意義。之前長期以來認為睡眠狀態僅與EEG的同步化慢波相聯繫,睡眠是一個單一進程。藉助於早期的PSG技術,美國Kleitman和Aserinsky(1957)發現人類的睡眠不是一個均一狀態,而是有兩個不同的時相周期交替。他們第一次觀察並描述了眼快動睡眠(rapid eye movement sleep,REM),即一種深度睡眠伴有眼球快速水平運動的狀態。以後又發現,除眼球快速運動外,REM期內容更為複雜。在此睡眠期間,各種感覺功能進一步減退,以致較難喚醒;骨骼肌反射活動和肌緊張進一步減弱,肌肉幾乎完全鬆弛;植物性神經機能下降但不穩定,有血壓升高,心率增塊,呼吸加快和不規則等情況。REM睡眠這一特點可能是某些疾病如心絞痛、心肌梗塞等在夜間突然發作的部分原因。
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