外形特徵
鷦鷯科屬小型鳥類,體長多在20cm以下,是
鳴禽。嘴長直而較細弱,先端稍曲,無嘴須,即有也很少而細。鼻孔裸露或部分及全部被有鼻膜。翅短而圓,初級飛羽10枚。尾短小而柔軟,尾羽大多12枚,亦有8或10枚者。跗蹠強健,具盾狀鱗,趾及爪發達。羽被柔軟厚密,羽色大都紅褐、灰褐、橄欖褐色,常具白色、淡棕、黑褐色點斑、條紋、橫斑,部分種類有栗色、白色塊斑。
分布範圍
該科鳥類亞種分化很多,是該科的一個特點。分布極為廣泛,美洲,歐洲,亞洲,非洲北部均有分布,但主要分布於南美;歐亞大陸及北非。
生活習性
喜棲於陰暗潮濕的林區、灌叢、沼地、岸邊等地。性活潑,見人臨近隱匿起來。棲止時,常從低枝逐漸躍向高枝。鳴聲清脆響亮。取食蜘蛛、毒蛾、螟蛾、天牛、小蠹、象甲、蝽象等昆蟲。
生長繁殖
營巢於樹洞、岩洞、建築物、岸邊洞隙、雜草叢、灌叢上等多種環境。巢以細枝、草葉、苔蘚、羽毛等物交織而成,呈深碗狀或圓屋頂狀。產卵2—6枚,卵白色或褐色和淡青色,有斑或無斑點。
該科種類
(80種,368亞種)
曲嘴鷦鷯屬
Campylorhynchus(13種,42亞種)01
白頭曲嘴鷦鷯 Campylorhynchus albobrunneus White-headed Wren (2種)
02
棕曲嘴鷦鷯 Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus Cactus Wren (8種)
03
大曲嘴鷦鷯 Campylorhynchus chiapensis Giant Wren
04
橫斑曲嘴鷦鷯 Campylorhynchus fasciatus Fasciated Wren (2種)
05
灰曲嘴鷦鷯 Campylorhynchus griseus Bicolored Wren (5種)
06
斑曲嘴鷦鷯 Campylorhynchus gularis Spotted Wren
07
波氏曲嘴鷦鷯 Campylorhynchus jocosus Boucard’s Wren
08
灰斑曲嘴鷦鷯 Campylorhynchus megalopterus Grey-barred Wren (2種)
09
紋背曲嘴鷦鷯 Campylorhynchus nuchalis Stripe-backed Wren (3種)
10
棕頸曲嘴鷦鷯 Campylorhynchus rufinucha Rufous-napped Wren (6種)
11
擬鶇曲嘴鷦鷯 Campylorhynchus turdinus Thrush-like Wren (3種)
12
尤卡曲嘴鷦鷯 Campylorhynchus yucatanicus Yucatan Cactus Wren
13
斑背曲嘴鷦鷯 Campylorhynchus zonatus Band-backed Wren (7種)
墨西哥鷦鷯屬
Catherpes(1種,7亞種)
14
墨西哥鷦鷯 Catherpes mexicanus Canyon Wren (7種)
棕鷦鷯屬
Cinnycerthia (4種,8亞種)
15
茶色鷦鷯 Cinnycerthia fulva Fulvous Wren (3種)
16
夏氏鷦鷯 Cinnycerthia olivascens Sharpe’s Wren
17
棕褐鷦鷯 Cinnycerthia peruana Sepia-brown Wren
18
棕鷦鷯 Cinnycerthia unirufa Rufous Wren(3種)
沼澤鷦鷯屬
Cistothorus (4種,37亞種)
19
阿氏沼澤鷦鷯 Cistothorus apolinari Apolinar’s Wren (2種)
20
沼澤鷦鷯 Cistothorus meridae Paramo Wren
21
長嘴沼澤鷦鷯 Cistothorus palustris Marsh Wren (14種)
22
短嘴沼澤鷦鷯 Cistothorus platensis Sedge Wren (20種)
歌鷦鷯屬
Cyphorhinus (3種,16亞種)
23
歌鷦鷯 Cyphorhinus aradus Musician Wren (8種)
24
鳴鷦鷯 Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus Song Wren (6種)
25
栗胸歌鷦鷯 Cyphorhinus thoracicus Chestnut-breasted Wren (2種)
黑頂鷦鷯屬
Donacobius (1種,4亞種)
26
黑頂鷦鷯 Donacobius articapillus Black-capped Donacobius (4種)
扎巴鷦鷯屬
Ferminia (1種)
27
扎巴鷦鷯 Ferminia cerverai Zapata Wren
林鷦鷯屬
Henicorhina (3種 32亞種)
28
灰胸林鷯 Henicorhina leucophrys Gray-breasted Wood Wren (18種)
29
斑翅林鷯 Henicorhina leucoptera Bar-winged Wood-wren
30
白胸林鷯 Henicorhina leucosticta White-breasted Wood Wren (13種)
細嘴鷦鷯屬
Hylorchilus(2種)
31
細嘴鷦鷯 Hylorchilus sumichrasti Slender-billed Wren
32
內氏鷦鷯 Hylorchilus navai Nava’s Wren
紋鷦鷯屬
Kenopia(1種)
33
紋鷦鷯 Kenopia striata Striped Wren Babbler
斑翅鷦鷯屬
Microcerculus (4種,14亞種)
34
斑翅鷦鷯 Microcerculus bambla Wing-banded Wren (3種)
35
鱗胸鷦鷯 Microcerculus marginatus Scaly-breasted Wren (6種)
36
夜鶯鷦鷯 Microcerculus philomela Nightingale Wren
37
笛聲鷦鷯 Microcerculus ustulatus Flutist Wren (4種)
鋸嘴鷦鷯屬
Odontorchilus (2種,3亞種)
38
灰背鋸嘴鷦鷯 Odontorchilus branickii Gray-mantled Wren (2種)
39
鋸嘴鷦鷯 Odontorchilus cinereus Tooth-billed Wren
岩鷦鷯屬
Salpinctes (1種,6亞種)
40
岩鷦鷯 Salpinctes obsoletus Rock Wren (6種)
高山林鷯屬
Thryorchilus(1種,3亞種)
41
高山林鷯 Thryorchilus browni Timberline Wren (3種)
葦鷦鷯屬
Thryothorus (28種、123亞種)
42 ·
黑喉葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus atrogularis Black-throated Wren
43 ·
比氏葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus bewickii Bewick’s Wren (16種)
44 ·
科拉葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus coraya Coraya Wren (10種)
45 ·
印加葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus eisenmanni Inca Wren
46 ·
淡尾葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus euophrys Plain-tailed Wren (4種)
47 ·
黑腹葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus fasciatoventris Black-bellied Wren (3種)
48 ·
快樂葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus felix Happy Wren (6種)
49 ·
須葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus genibarbis Moustached Wren (4種)
50 ·
灰葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus griseus Grey Wren
51 ·
褐胸葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus guarayanus Fawn-breasted Wren
52 ·
紋喉葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus leucopogon Stripe-throated Wren (2種)
53 ·
黃胸葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus leucotis Buff-breasted Wren (11種)
54 ·
長嘴葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus longirostris Long-billed Wren (2種)
55 ·
卡羅葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus ludovicianus Carolina Wren (7種)
56 ·
斑胸葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus maculipectus Spot-breasted Wren (4種)
57 ·
純色葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus modestus Plain Wren (2種)
58 ·
髯葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus mystacalis Whiskered Wren (8種)
59 ·
尼氏葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus nicefori Niceforo’s Wren
60 ·
栗葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus nigricapillus Bay Wren (7種)
61 ·
斑葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus pleurostictus Banded Wren (7種)
62 ·
棕白葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus rufalbus Rufous-and-white Wren (6種)
63 ·
棕胸葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus rutilus Rufous-breasted Wren (7種)
64 ·
鱗胸葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus sclateri Speckle-breasted Wren (3種)
65 ·
濱葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus semibadius Riverside Wren
66 ·
斑臀葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus sinaloa Sinaloa Wren (3種)
67 ·
黑頭葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus spadix Sooty-headed Wren (2種)
68 ·
紋眉葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus superciliaris Superciliated Wren (2種)
69 ·
紋胸葦鷦鷯 Thryothorus thoracicus Stripe-breasted Wren
鷦鷯屬
Troglodytes (10種,68亞種)
70
鶯鷦鷯 Troglodytes aedon House Wren (2種)
71
科氏鷦鷯 Troglodytes cobbi Cobb’s Wren
72
聖島鷦鷯 Troglodytes monticola Santa Marta Wren
73
赭鷦鷯 Troglodytes ochraceus Ochraceous Wren(3種)
74
棕眉鷦鷯 Troglodytes rufociliatus Rufous-browed Wren(4種)
75
淡紅鷦鷯 Troglodytes rufulus Tepui Wren (6種)
76
索科羅葦鷦鷯 Troglodytes sissonii Socorro Wren
77
山鷦鷯 Troglodytes solstitialis Mountain Wren (5種)
78
號聲鷦鷯 Troglodytes tanneri Clarion Wren
79
冬鷦鷯 Troglodytes troglodytes Wren (44種)
白腹鷦鷯屬
Uropsila(1種)
80
白腹鷦鷯 Uropsila leucogastra White-bellied Wren
保護等級
全部列入《
世界自然保護聯盟》(IUCN)ver 3.1:2009年鳥類紅色名錄。