基本介紹
- 中文名：過去完成進行時
- 外文名： Past Perfect Progressive
- 基本結構：had+been +動詞-ing
- 比較：用法很相近
- 特別含義：尚未完成
基本結構,構成,特別含義,特點,用法,時態比較,
基本結構
had+been +動詞-ing
構成
過去完成進行時是由"had been +現在分詞"構成。在英語時態中，“時“指動作發生的時間，”態“指動作的樣子和狀態。
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。
They had been expecting the news for some time?他們期待這個訊息有一段時間了吧？
Rafael was scolded even though he hadn't been doing anything wrong.儘管拉斐爾沒做什麼錯事，但他還是挨罵了。
特別含義
- 尚未完成：
He had been writing the novel．（他沒有完成它） - 企圖：
He had been studying the meaning of this proverb．（他一直在努力學習它） - 未得結果：
We had been studying what our enemy had said．（但我們不能理解） - 最近情況：
He had been quarrelling with his wife．（近來） - 情緒：
What had he been doing？（不耐煩）
特點
這種時態很少用在否定句中，而多以過去完成時代替：
He had not practised English for many years．（普通說法）
He had not been practising English for many years．（少見）
He had not practised English for many years．（普通說法）
He had not been practising English for many years．（少見）
這種時態還可用在said，supposed等引起的間接引語中，代替現在完成進行時：
He said:“I have been speaking to John."= He said that he had been speaking to John．
He thought:“She was watching me when I passed．”= He thought that she had been watching him when he had passed．
He said:“I have been speaking to John."= He said that he had been speaking to John．
He thought:“She was watching me when I passed．”= He thought that she had been watching him when he had passed．
過去完成進行時經常與現在完成進行時混淆。
現在完成進行時 (The present perfect progressive) 由 have/has been +-ing 分詞構成；
過去完成進行時（ The past perfect progressive tenses ）由 had been +-ing 分詞構成．
過去完成進行時（ The past perfect progressive tenses ）由 had been +-ing 分詞構成．
現在/過去完成進行時的用法：
A. 在某段時間內一直進行的動作用現在完成進行時來強調動作在某段時間裡的持續性．動作通常有"現在"的結果，要根據上下文來確定到"現在"為止，動作是否還在繼續進行．同樣，過去完成進行時表示在過去更早時間內進行的動作,並對過去某一時刻產生結果。
B.表示重複動作的現在/過去完成進行時
我們也可以用完成進行時形式來表示現在或過去經常重複的動作
注意：過去完成進行時和過去完成時類似，需要有過去這一時間段
用法
- 表示過去某一時間之前一直進行的動作。
過去完成進行時表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始，一直延續到這一過去時間。和過去完成時一樣，過去完成進行時也必須以一過去時間為前提。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.這東西我找了好多天才找著的。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.他們只等了一會兒車就來了。 - 表示反覆的動作。
He had been mentioning your name to me.他過去多次向我提到過你的名字。
You had been giving me everything.你對我真是有求必應。 - 常用於間接引語中
The doctor asked what he had been eating.醫生問他吃了什麼。
I asked where they had been staying all those days.我問他們那些天是呆在哪兒的。 - 接具有“突然”之意when句。
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.我剛看了幾分鐘他就進來了。
She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.她溫習功課才一會兒，她妹妹就打斷她了。
I had been sleeping when my friend telephoned me.我正在睡覺時，我的朋友給我打電話。
時態比較
He had been waiting for two weeks． He was still waiting．（有一個表示一段時間的狀語）
他已經等了兩個星期。他還在等。
Up to that time he had been translating those books．直到那時他一直在翻譯這些書。
He had been writing the letter till two o'clock．他一直在寫那封信到兩點鐘。
He was thirty years old．He had been gambling since he was ten．（He was still gambling at thirty．）
他三十歲。他從十歲開始就一直在賭博。（三十歲的他仍然賭博。）
He had been standing there in the sun．（沒有時間狀語）
他一直站在太陽底下。
He had been thinking about his marriage．（沒有時間狀語）
他一直在對他的婚姻思考。
不過這種時態並不一定表示這個過去動作將持續下去：
He came back at seven．He had been waiting for her two hours．（At seven he did not wait any more．）
他在七點回來了。他等了她兩個小時。（在七點時，他不想再等了。）
He stopped swimming．He had been swimming for the last three hours．他停止了游泳。他已經在過去的三小時內游泳。
