基本介紹
構成形式,基本句型,用法,對比,注意,練習,
構成形式
第一人稱:I / we / you / they have been + 動詞的現在分詞
第二人稱:He / she / it has been + 動詞的現在分詞
基本句型
肯定式第一人稱 have been doing sth.
疑問式 Have 第一人稱 been doing sth.
簡略回答 Yes， 第一人稱 have. No， 第一人稱 haven't.
肯定式 第三人稱 has been doing sth.
疑問式 Has 第三人稱been doing sth.
簡略回答 Yes， 第三人稱has. No， 第三人稱hasn't.
1） 表示一個在過去開始而在最近剛剛結束的行動，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
2) 表示一個從過去開始但仍在進行的行動，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (現在還在下)
Jack has been feeling very well recently.
3) 表示一個從過去開始延續到現在，可以包括現在在內的一個階段內，重複發生的行動，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
4) 現在完成時強調動作行為的結果、影響，而現在完成進行時只強調動作行為本身，如：
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
標誌:1.句中常有延續性動詞，2.時間點前有since。
用法
現在完成進行時(Present perfect continuous)
主語+have/has+been+動詞-ing(延續性動詞)
（一）表示從過去某時開始一直持續到現在的動作，並且還將持續下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中國有2000年的造紙歷史。（動作還將繼續下去）
I have been learning English since three years ago.三年以來我一直在學英語。（動作還將繼續下去）
（二）表示在說話時刻之前到現在正在進行的動作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我們已經等你半個鐘頭了(人還沒到，如同在電話里說的，還會繼續等)
（三）有些現在完成進行時的句子等同於現在完成時的句子。
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他們在這個城市已經住了10年了。（動作還將繼續下去）
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在這裡已經工作五年了。（動作還將繼續下去）
（四）大多數現在完成進行時的句子不等同於現在完成時的句子。
I have been writing a book.（動作還將繼續下去）我一直在寫一本書。
I have written a book.（動作已經完成）我已經寫了一本書。
They have been building a bridge.他們一直在造一座橋。（動作還將繼續下去）
They have built a bridge.他們造了一座橋。（動作已經完成）
（五）表示狀態的動詞不能用於現在完成進行時。
I have known him for years.我認識他已經好幾年了。
* I have been knowing...
這類不能用於現在完成進行時的動詞還有：love愛，like喜歡，hate討厭，think想等等。
（六）一些現在完成時的句子也與現在完成進行時的句子含義相同
延續性動詞在現在完成時與現在完成進行時時態中使用，句意相同。例如：
She has slept for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.
She has been sleeping for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.她已經睡了6個小時，到現在還沒有醒來。
(七）表示現在以前一直在進行的動作強調動作的未完成性
It has been raining for 3 days。已經下了3天的雨了（現在還沒停止）
對比
1）過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。
2）過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語
共同的時間狀語:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
現在完成時的時間狀語
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不確定的時間狀語
3）現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，動詞一般是延續性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
舉例：
I saw this film yesterday.（強調看的動作發生過了。）
I have seen this film.（強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?（強調起床的動作已發生過了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?（強調有包裝，可能為不公平競爭。）
She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來了。
She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來了。
He has been in the League for three years.(在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years.(是團員的狀態可持續)
He joined the League three years ago.( 三年前入團，joined為短暫行為。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現在完成時，要用過去時。
（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
注意
現在完成時態可表示做完的事情以及已有的經驗、但現在完成進行時不可以。
在當代英語中，現在完成進行時有時也可用否定結構。如：
Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自從上周發生了那次不幸事故之後，我一直睡得很不好。
He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t had that much contact with him. 他並沒有給我工作過，我和他沒有過那許多接觸。
否定句構成：
一般疑問句構成:
Have/has+主語+been+現在分詞+其他
練習
一
Part 1
A.Correct the following sentences. 訂正以下的句子
- All these years they are contributing articles to our magazine.
- I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.
- What have you been doing before you left Oxford?
- It's a good job. Have you done it all by yourself?
- It's a long time since you come to see me.
- Alice didn't see much of Henry lately.
- I'm glad to tell you that you passed the exam.
Key： 1. are→have been 2. have been drinking→have drunk 3. have→had 4. Have you done→Did you do 5. come→came 6. didn't seen→hasn't seen 7. passed→have passed |
Part 2
B.Complete the following sentences with the right form of the verbs given. 選出正確的一項
- You know, I ________ (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.
- My sister ________ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year.
- The little boy is dirty all over because he ________ (play) in the mud all the morning.
- I ________ (wonder) if you were free this afternoon.
- Here he is! We ________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night.
key 1. have been looking 2. stayed 3. has been playing/ has played 4. wondered 5. have been waiting |
Part 3
C.Make the best choices.作出正確選擇
- — I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
— I think so.He ________ for it for months. (2008江蘇)
A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing - By the time he realizes he _________ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008山東)
A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked - So far this year we _______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008福建)
A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen - Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year. (2007湖南)
A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying - Danny _________ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (2007福建)
A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked - —I have got a headache.
—No wonder. You_________ in front of that computer too long.
A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked - The unemployment rate in this district_______ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. (2007上海)
A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling - Now that she is out of job, Lucy ___ going back to school，but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider - —______ you ______ him around the museum yet? —Yes. We had a great time there.(2007江蘇)
A. Have shown B. Do show C. Had; shown D. Did; show - —Hi, Tracy，you look pale.
—I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted
key： 1-5 DCDDC 6-10 CABAC |
二
單項選擇
- Both his parents look sad .
Maybe they _________what's happened to him.
A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know - He has _______ been to Shanghai， has he ？
A. already B.never C.ever D. still - Have you met Mr Li ______？
A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago - 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.
A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written - —Our country ______ a lot so far.
—Yes. I hope it will be even ______.
A. has changed ； well B. changed ； good C. has changed ； better D. changed ； better - Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years.
A. was ； studying B. will ； study C. has ； studied D. are ； studying - 7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew - Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice.
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see - —These farmers have been to the United States.
—Really ？ When _____ there ？
A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone - —______ you ___ your homework yet？
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago.
A. Did； do； finished B. Have； done； finished C. Have； done； have finished D. will； do； finish - His father ______ the Party since 1978.
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in - —Do you know him well ？
— Sure.We _________ friends since ten years ago.
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made - —How long have you ____ here？
—About two months.
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived - Hurry up！ The play __________ for ten minutes.
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began - It _____ ten years since he left the army.
A.is B.has C.will D.was
參與答案：Bbbdc，ccbbb，dbaca
