蝴蝶魚(蝴蝶魚科蝴蝶魚屬)

蝴蝶魚(蝴蝶魚科蝴蝶魚屬)

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蝴蝶魚屬(學名:Chaetodon)是生活在熱帶到暖溫帶水域的海洋魚類家族。它們有些出現在微鹹河口或封閉港灣,通常沿著岩礁陡坡活動,最常見於淺水(不到20米)珊瑚礁附近,也有一些在200米以下的深水棲居。它們出沒于海草棲息地、深泥灘或淺水瀉湖周圍。許多蝴蝶魚的幼魚活動區域相比成魚有差異,如潮汐湖、巨礫珊瑚礁以及沒有珊瑚的淺水。

基本介紹

形態特徵,生活習性,所屬品種,

形態特徵

體呈菱形或近於橢圓形,且十分側扁。口小,端位,略可伸縮;頜齒細長,在上下頜形成刷毛狀之狹長齒帶。前鰓蓋骨平滑,但幼魚可能具有鋸齒或被有突棘。體被中或小型之弱櫛鱗或圓鱗。側線完整,呈弧形,但不明顯。幼魚之頭部,因長有骨質板,而被稱之Tholichthys。背鰭連續,硬棘部和軟條部間有淺缺刻;腹鰭胸位,具腋鱗;尾鰭一般截形或圓形。
蝴蝶魚蝴蝶魚

生活習性

蝴蝶魚大部分都生活在20公尺以內的淺水水域,是很典型的日行性魚類,白天出來找東西吃、交配,晚上才躲在礁洞裡面休息。覓食時,或群游,或成對,或獨游。食性變異大,有的從礁岩表面啄食躲藏在縫隙里的小型無脊椎動物及藻類,有的在水層中撿食浮遊動物,有的只吃活珊瑚的水螅蟲等。行動迅速,稍受驚動即躲入珊瑚礁或岩石縫中。它們生活史中需要經過一段長時間的漂流期,而使得人工繁殖不易成功。

所屬品種

烏頂蝴蝶魚
Chaetodon adiergastos
Philippine butterflyfish
Chaetodon andamanensis
Chaetodon argentatus
Asian butterflyfish
點列蝴蝶魚
Chaetodon assarius
West Australian butterflyfish
Chaetodon aureofasciatus
Golden butterflyfish
Chaetodon auriga
Threadfin butterflyfish
Chaetodon auripes
Oriental butterflyfish
Chaetodon austriacus
Blacktail butterflyfish
Chaetodon baronessa
Eastern triangular butterflyfish
本氏蝴蝶魚
Chaetodon bennetti
Bluelashed butterflyfish
Chaetodon blackburnii
Brownburnie
Chaetodon burgessi
Burgess' butterflyfish
Chaetodon capistratus
Foureye butterflyfish
Chaetodon citrinellus
Speckled butterflyfish
Chaetodon collare
Redtail butterflyfish
Chaetodon daedalma
Wrought iron butterflyfish
Chaetodon declivis
Marquesas butterflyfish
Chaetodon decussatus
Indian vagabond butterflyfish
阿曼蝴蝶魚
Chaetodon dialeucos
Oman butterflyfish
黑緣蝴蝶魚
Chaetodon dolosus
African butterflyfish
Chaetodon ephippium
Saddle butterflyfish
Chaetodon falcula
Blackwedged butterflyfish
Chaetodon fasciatus
Diagonal butterflyfish
Chaetodon flavirostris
Black butterflyfish
Chaetodon flavocoronatus
Yellow-crowned butterflyfish
Chaetodon fremblii
Bluestriped butterflyfish
Chaetodon gardineri
Gardner's butterflyfish
Chaetodon guentheri
Crochet butterflyfish
Chaetodon guttatissimus
Peppered butterflyfish
Chaetodon hoefleri
Four-banded butterflyfish
Chaetodon humeralis
Threebanded butterflyfish
點斑蝴蝶魚
Chaetodon interruptus
Yellow teardrop butterflyfish
Chaetodon kleinii
Sunburst butterflyfish
Chaetodon larvatus
Hooded butterflyfish
白肋蝴蝶魚
Chaetodon leucopleura
Somali butterflyfish
Chaetodon lineolatus
Lined butterflyfish
Chaetodon litus
Easter Island butterflyfish]
Chaetodon lunula
Raccoon butterflyfish
Chaetodon lunulatus
Oval butterflyfish
Chaetodon madagascariensis
Seychelles butterflyfish
Chaetodon marleyi
Doublesash butterflyfish
Chaetodon melannotus
Blackback butterflyfish
Chaetodon melapterus
Arabian butterflyfish
Chaetodon mertensii
Atoll butterflyfish
Chaetodon mesoleucos
White-face butterflyfish
Chaetodon meyeri
Scrawled butterflyfish
Chaetodon miliaris
Millet butterflyfish
Chaetodon mitratus
Indian butterflyfish
Chaetodon multicinctus
Pebbled butterflyfish
黑斑蝴蝶魚
Chaetodon nigropunctatus
Black-spotted butterflyfish
日本蝴蝶魚
Chaetodon nippon
Japanese butterflyfish
Chaetodon ocellatus
Spotfin butterflyfish
Chaetodon ocellicaudus
Spot-tail butterflyfish
Chaetodon octofasciatus
Eightband butterflyfish
Chaetodon ornatissimus
Ornate butterflyfish
Chaetodon oxycephalus
Spot-nape butterflyfish
稀帶蝴蝶魚
Chaetodon paucifasciatus
Eritrean butterflyfish
Chaetodon pelewensis
Sunset butterflyfish
馬掌蝴蝶魚
Chaetodon pictus
Horseshoe butterflyfish
Chaetodon plebeius
Blueblotch butterflyfish
Chaetodon punctatofasciatus
Spotband butterflyfish
Chaetodon quadrimaculatus
Fourspot butterflyfish
雷氏蝴蝶魚
Chaetodon rafflesii
Latticed butterflyfish
Chaetodon rainfordi
Rainford's butterflyfish
Chaetodon reticulatus
Mailed butterflyfish
Chaetodon robustus
Three-banded butterflyfish
聖赫拿蝴蝶魚
Chaetodon sanctaehelenae
Saint Helena butterflyfish
Chaetodon sedentarius
Reef butterflyfish
Chaetodon selene
Yellow-dotted butterflyfish
Chaetodon semeion
Dotted butterflyfish
Chaetodon semilarvatus
Bluecheek butterflyfish
Chaetodon smithi
Smith's butterflyfish
Chaetodon speculum
Mirror butterflyfish
Chaetodon striatus
Banded butterflyfish
Chaetodon tinkeri
Hawaiian butterflyfish
Chaetodon triangulum
Triangle butterflyfish
Chaetodon trichrous
Tahiti butterflyfish
波帶蝴蝶魚
Chaetodon tricinctus
Three-striped butterflyfish
Chaetodon trifascialis
Chevron butterflyfish
Chaetodon trifasciatus
Melon butterflyfish
Chaetodon ulietensis
Pacific double-saddle butterflyfish
Chaetodon unimaculatus
Teardrop butterflyfish
Chaetodon vagabundus
Vagabond butterflyfish
Chaetodon wiebeli
Hongkong butterflyfish
Chaetodon xanthocephalus
Yellowhead butterflyfish
Chaetodon xanthurus
Pearlscale butterflyfish
Chaetodon zanzibarensis
Zanzibar butterflyfish

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