實驗室化學品的純化

《實驗室化學品的純化》是由世界圖書出版公司北京公司出版編著的實體書。《實驗室化學品的純化(第5版)》在介紹提純相關技術(重結晶、乾燥、色譜、蒸餾、萃取、衍生物的製備等)基礎上，詳細介紹了化學品的純化方法，例如重結晶的溶劑選擇，常壓和減壓蒸餾的沸點，純化以前的處理手續等。

基本介紹

• 書名：實驗室化學品的純化
• 又名：Purification of Laboratory Chemicals
• ISBN：9787506283410
• 頁數：609頁
• 出版社：世界圖書出版公司北京公司
• 出版時間：第1版 (2007年10月1日)
• 裝幀：平裝
• 開本：16
• 正文語種：英語

作者簡介

作者：(澳大利亞)柴(Chai C．L．L．) (澳大利亞)阿瑪瑞高(ArmaregoW．L．F．)

內容簡介

從粗略純化到高度純化都有詳細說明，並附參考文獻。給出了幾乎所有商品化有機化學品、無機化學品以及生化試劑的基本理化性質和純化過程，包括名稱、CAS登錄號、分子量、熔點、沸點、相對密度、溶解性、離子化常數等。

目錄

Preface to the Fifth Edition

Preface to the First Edition

Preface to the Second Edition

Preface to the Third Edition

Preface to the Fourth Edition

CHAPTER 1

COMMON PHYSICAL TECHNIQUES USED IN PURIFICATION

INTRODUCTION

THE QUESTION OF PURITY

SOURCES OF IMPURITIES

PRACTICES TO AVOID IMPURITIES

Cleaning practices

Silylation of glassware and plasticware

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PURIFICATION OF LABORATORY CHEMICALS

SOME HAZARDS OF CHEMICAL MANIPULATION IN PURIFICATION AND RECOVERY OF RESIDUES

Perchlorates and perchloric acid

Peroxides

Heavy-metal-containing-explosives

Strong acids

Reactive halides and anhydrides

Solvents

Salts

SAFETY DISCLAIMER

METHODS OF PURIFICATION OF REAGENTS AND SOLVENTS

SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND DISTRIBUTION

Ionisation constants and pK

pK and Temperature

pK and solvent

DISTILLATION

Techniques

Distillation of liquid mixtures

Types of distillation

The distilling flask

Types of columns and packings

Condensers

Vacuum distillation

Spinning-band distillation

Steam distillation

azeotropic distillation ii...iiii

Kiigelrohr distillation

lsopiestic or isothermal distillation

RECRYSTALLISATION

Techniques

Filtration

Choice of solvents

Petroleum ethers

Mixed Solvents

RecrystaUisation from the melt

Zone refining

SUBLIMATION

CHROMATOGRAPHY

Vapour phase chromatography (GC or gas-liquid chromatography)

Liquid chromatography

Adsorption chromatography

Thin layer chromatography (TLC)

Paper chromatography

Column Chromatography

Graded Adsorbents and Solvents

Preparation and Standardisation of Alumina

Preparation of other adsorbents

Silica

Diatomaceous earth

Charcoal

Cellulose

Flash Chromatography

Paired-ion Chromatography

Ion-exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange Resins

Ion-exchange Celluloses and Sephadex

Sephadex

Sepharose

CeUex CM

Cellex D

Crystalline Hydroxyiapatite

Gel Filtration

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Other Types of Liquid Chromatography

DRYING

Removal of Solvents

Removal of Water

Intensity and Capacity of Common Desiccants

Suitability of Individual Desiccants

Molecular sieves

MISCELLANEOUS TECHNIQUES

Freeze-pump-thaw and purging

Vacuum-lines, Schlenk and glovebox techniques

ABBREVIATIONS

TABLES

TABLE 1. SOME COMMON IMMISCIBLE OR SLIGHTLY MISCIBLE PAIRS OF SOLVENTS

TABLE 2. AQUEOUS BUFFERS

TABLE 3A. PREDICTED EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON BOILING POINT

TABLE 3B. PREDICTED EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON BOILING POINT

FIGURE 1: NOMOGRAM

TABLE 4. HEATING BATHS

TABLE 5. WHATMAN FILTER PAPERS

TABLE 6. MICRO FILTERS

TABLE 7. COMMON SOLVENTS USED IN RECRYSTALLISATION

TABLE 8. PAIRS OF MISCIBLE SOLVENTS

TABLE 9. MATERIALS FOR COOLING BATHS

TABLE 10. LIQUIDS FOR STATIONARY PHASES IN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

TABLE 11. METHODS OF VISUALISATION OF TLC SPOTS

TABLE 12. GRADED ADSORBENTS AND SOLVENTS

TABLE 13. REPRESENTATIVE ION-EXCHANGE RESINS

TABLE 14. MODIFIED FIBROUS CELLULOSES FOR ION-EXCHANGE

TABLE 15. BEAD FORM ION-EXCHANGE PACKAGINGS

TABLE 16. LIQUIDS FOR DRYING PISTOLS

TABLE 17. VAPOUR PRESSURES (mm Hg) OF SATURATED AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS IN EQUILIBRIUM WITH SOLID SALTS

TABLE 18. DRYING AGENTS FOR CLASSES OF COMPOUNDS

TABLE 19. STATIC DRYING FOR SELECTED LIQUIDS (25~C)

TABLE 20. BOILING POINTS OF SOME USEFUL GASES AT 760 mm

TABLE 21. SOLUBILITIES OF HC1 AND NH3 AT 760mm (g/100g OF SOLUTION)

TABLE 22. PREFIXES FOR QUANTITIES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER 2

CHEMICAL METHODS USED IN PURIFICATION

GENERAL REMARKS

REMOVAL OF TRACES OF METALS FROM REAGENTS

METAL IMPURITIES

DISTILLATION

USE OF ION EXCHANGE RESINS

PRECIPITATION

Removal of lead contaminants

Removal of iron contaminants

Removal of other metal contaminants

EXTRACTION

COMPLEXATION

USE OF METAL HYDRIDES

LITHIUM ALUMINIUM HYDRIDE

CALCIUM HYDRIDE

SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE

POTASSIUM BOROHYDRIDE

PURIFICATION via DERIVATIVES

ALCOHOLS

ALDEHYDES

AMINES

Picrates

Salts

Double salts

N-Acetyl derivatives

N-Tosyl derivatives

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

Adducts

Sulfonation

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

4-Bromophenacyl esters

Alkyl esters

Salts

HYDROPEROXIDES

KETONES

Bisulfite adduct

Semicarbazones

PHENOLS

Benzoates

Acetates

PHOSPHATE AND PHOSPHONATE ESTERS

MISCELLANEOUS

GENERAL METHODS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF CLASSES OF COMPOUNDS

PROCEDURES

CRITERIA OF PURITY

GENERAL PROCEDURES FOR THE PURIFICATION OF SOME CLASSES OF ORGANIC

COMPOUNDS

ACETALS

ACIDS

Carboxylic acids

Sulfonic acids

Sulfinic acids

ACID CHLORIDES

ALCOHOLS

Monohydric alcohols

Polyhydric alcohols

ALDEHYDES

AMIDES

AMINES

AMINO ACIDS

ANHYDRIDES

CAROTENOIDS

ESTERS

ETHERS

HALIDES

HYDROCARBONS

IMIDES

IMINO COMPOUNDS

KETONES

MACROMOLECULES

NITRILES

NITRO COMPOUNDS

NUCLEIC ACIDS

PHENOLS

POLYPEPTIDES AND PROTEINS

QUINONES

SALTS (ORGANIC)

With metal ions

With organic cations

With sodium alkane sulfonates

SULFUR COMPOUNDS

Disulfides

Sulfones

Sulfoxides

Thioethers

Thiols

Thiolsulfonates (disulfoxides)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER 3

THE FUTURE OF PURIFICATION

INTRODUCTION

SOLID PHASE SYNTHESIS

SOLID PHASE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS (SPPS)

SOLID PHASE DEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDE SYNTHESIS

SOLID PHASE OLIGOSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIS

SOLID PHASE ORGANIC SYNTHESIS (SPOS)

POLYMER SUPPORTED REACTANTS

SCAVENGER RESINS

RESIN SUPPORT

CHOICE OF RESIN FOR SPOS

COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY

MONITORING SOLID PHASE REACTIONS

Infra red analysis of resin

Qualitative and quantitative analyses

DETECTION OF REACTIVE GROUPS ON RESINS

Detection of hydroxy groups on resin

Detection of aldehyde groups on resin

Detection of carboxy groups on resin

Detection of amino groups on resin

Detection of thiol groups on resin

Fmoc assay

IONIC LIQUIDS

FLUOROUS CHEMISTRY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER 4

PURIFICATION OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS

CHAPTER 5

PURIFICATION OF INORGANIC AND METALORGANIC CHEMICALS(Including Organic compounds of B, Bi, P, Se, Si, and ammonium and metal salts of organic acids)

CHAPTER 6

PURIFICATION OF BIOCHEMICALS AND RELATED PRODUCTS

GENERAL SUBJECT INDEX

CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS INDEX