《國外生命科學優秀教材:生物技術與生物工程概論(影印版)》基於技術工具、生產實踐及成功案例，向讀者系統介紹學科的基本知識。生物技術（生物工程）領域近年來飛速發展，由此引起了全社會的廣泛關注。《國外生命科學優秀教材:生物技術與生物工程概論(影印版)》第二版主要內容包括：生物技術的時代及其生產力，基因及基因組概述，基因工程：DNA重組技術，蛋白質工程，微生物工程，農業生物技術，動物生物技術，DNA指紋圖譜和法醫鑑定，生物修復，水生生物技術，醫學生物技術，生物技術的監督與管理，生物技術（生物工程）與倫理學。《國外生命科學優秀教材:生物技術與生物工程概論(影印版)》適合生物技術、生物工程等相關專業公共課和專業課教學選用，也可供從業人員參考使用。
基本介紹
- 書名：國外生命科學優秀教材:生物技術與生物工程
- 作者：蒂曼(William J.Thieman)
- 出版日期：2011年7月1日
- 語種：英語
- ISBN：9787030317599, 7030317599
- 外文名：Introduction to Biotechnology (Second Edition)
- 出版社：科學出版社
- 頁數：368頁
- 開本：16
- 品牌：科學出版社
基本介紹,內容簡介,作者簡介,圖書目錄,
基本介紹
內容簡介
《國外生命科學優秀教材:生物技術與生物工程概論(影印版)》是國外生命科學優秀教材之一。
作者簡介
作者：（美國）蒂曼（William J.Thieman） （美國）Michael A.Palladino
蒂曼(William J)，Thieman taught biology at VenturaCollege for 35 years and biotechnology for 11 years be-fore retiring from full time teaching in 2005. He contin-ues to teach the biotechnology course at Ventura part-time. He received his B.A. in biology from CaliforniaState University at Northridge in 1966 and his M.A.degree in Zoology in 1969 at UCLA. In 1993, he starteda biotechnician training program at Ventura Collegewhere he has been teaching since 1970. In 1995, headded laboratory skills components to the course andarticulated it as a state-approved vocational program.
Mr. Thieman has taught a broad range of under-graduate courses including general, human, and can-cer biology. He received the Outstanding TeachingAward from the National Biology Teachers Associa-tion in 1996 and the 1997 and 2000 Student SuccessAward from the California Community CollegesChancellor Office. The Economic Development Asso-ciation presented the biotechnology training programat Ventura College its 1998 Program for EconomicDevelopment Award for its work with local biotech-nology companies. His success at acquiring grants tosupport the program was recognized at the NationalCenter for Resource Development Conference in2007.
Michael A. Palladino is Dean of the School of Sci-ence, Technology and Engineering, and an AssociateProfessor of Biology at Monmouth University in WestLong Branch, New Jersey. He received his B.S. degree inBiology from Trenton State College （now known as The College of New Jersey） in 1987, and his Ph.D. inAnatomy and Cell Biology from the University of Vir-ginia in 1994. From 1994 to 1999, he was a facultymember at Brookdale Community College in Lincroft,New Jersey. He joined the Monmouth faculty in 1999.
Dr. Palladino has taught a wide range of undergrad-uate courses. He has received several awards forresearch and teaching including the DistinguishedTeacher Award from Monmouth University, CaringHeart Award from the New Jersey Association for Bio-medical Research, the New Investigator Award of theAmerican Society of Andrology, and the OutstandingColleague Award from Brookdale Community College.At Monmouth, he has an active lab of undergraduatesinvolved in research on the cell and molecular biology ofmale reproductive organs. He is founder and director forthe New Jersey Biotechnology Educators Consortium, astatewide association for biotechnology teachers.
Dr. Palladino is author of Understanding the HumanGenome Project, the first volume in the BenjaminCummings Special Topics in Biology Series for which healso serves as series editor. Dr. Palladino recentlyjoined the writing team of W.S. klug, M.R. Cummingsand C.A. Spencer on Concepts of Genetics and Essentialsof Genetics, both published by Benjamin Cummings.
蒂曼(William J)，Thieman taught biology at VenturaCollege for 35 years and biotechnology for 11 years be-fore retiring from full time teaching in 2005. He contin-ues to teach the biotechnology course at Ventura part-time. He received his B.A. in biology from CaliforniaState University at Northridge in 1966 and his M.A.degree in Zoology in 1969 at UCLA. In 1993, he starteda biotechnician training program at Ventura Collegewhere he has been teaching since 1970. In 1995, headded laboratory skills components to the course andarticulated it as a state-approved vocational program.
Mr. Thieman has taught a broad range of under-graduate courses including general, human, and can-cer biology. He received the Outstanding TeachingAward from the National Biology Teachers Associa-tion in 1996 and the 1997 and 2000 Student SuccessAward from the California Community CollegesChancellor Office. The Economic Development Asso-ciation presented the biotechnology training programat Ventura College its 1998 Program for EconomicDevelopment Award for its work with local biotech-nology companies. His success at acquiring grants tosupport the program was recognized at the NationalCenter for Resource Development Conference in2007.
Michael A. Palladino is Dean of the School of Sci-ence, Technology and Engineering, and an AssociateProfessor of Biology at Monmouth University in WestLong Branch, New Jersey. He received his B.S. degree inBiology from Trenton State College （now known as The College of New Jersey） in 1987, and his Ph.D. inAnatomy and Cell Biology from the University of Vir-ginia in 1994. From 1994 to 1999, he was a facultymember at Brookdale Community College in Lincroft,New Jersey. He joined the Monmouth faculty in 1999.
Dr. Palladino has taught a wide range of undergrad-uate courses. He has received several awards forresearch and teaching including the DistinguishedTeacher Award from Monmouth University, CaringHeart Award from the New Jersey Association for Bio-medical Research, the New Investigator Award of theAmerican Society of Andrology, and the OutstandingColleague Award from Brookdale Community College.At Monmouth, he has an active lab of undergraduatesinvolved in research on the cell and molecular biology ofmale reproductive organs. He is founder and director forthe New Jersey Biotechnology Educators Consortium, astatewide association for biotechnology teachers.
Dr. Palladino is author of Understanding the HumanGenome Project, the first volume in the BenjaminCummings Special Topics in Biology Series for which healso serves as series editor. Dr. Palladino recentlyjoined the writing team of W.S. klug, M.R. Cummingsand C.A. Spencer on Concepts of Genetics and Essentialsof Genetics, both published by Benjamin Cummings.
圖書目錄
About the Authors
Preface
1 The Biotechnology Century and Its Workforce
1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?
A Brief History of Biotechnology
Biotechnology:A Science of Many Disciplines
Products of Modern Biotechnology
Ethics and Biotechnology
1.2 Types of Biotechnology
Microbial Biotechnology
Agricultural Biotechnology
Animal Biotechnology
Forensic Biotechnology
Bioremediation
Aquatic Biotechnology
Medical Biotechnology
Regulatory Biotechnology
The Biotechnology?Big Picture?
1.3 Biological Challenges of the 21st Century
What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like?
A Scenario in the Future:How Might We Benefit from the Human Genome Project?
1.4 The Biotechnology Workforce
The Business of Biotechnology
Organization of a Biotechnology Company
Jobs in Biotechnology
Salaries in Biotechnology
Hiring Trends in the Biotechnology Industry
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
2 An Introduction to Genes and Genomes
2.1 A Review of Cell Structure
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
2.2 The Molecule of Life
Evidence That DNA Is the Inherited Genetic Material
DNA Structure
What Is a Gene?
2.3 Chromosome Structure,DNA Replication,and Genomes
Chromosome Structure
DNA Replication
What Is a Genome?
2.4 RNA and Protein Synthesis
Copying the Code:Transcription
Translating the Code:Protein Synthesis
Basics of Gene Expression Control
2.5 Mutations:Causes and Consequences
Types of Mutations
Mutations Can Be Inherited or Acquired
Mutations Are the Basis of Variation in Genomes and a Cause of Human Genetic Diseases
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
3 Recombinant DNA Technology and Genomics
3.1 Introduction to Recombinant DNA Technology and DNA Cloning
Restriction Enzymes and Plasmid DNA Vectors
Transformation of Bacterial Cells and Antibiotic Selection of Recombinant Bacteria
Introduction to Human Gene Cloning
3.2 What Makes a Good Vector?
Practical Features of DNA Cloning Vectors
Types of Vectors
3.3 How Do You Identify and Clone a Gene of Interest?
Creating DNA Libraries:Building a Collection of Cloned Genes
Polymerase Chain Reaction
3.4 What Can You Do with a Cloned Gene?Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology
Gel Electrophoresis and Mapping Gene Structure with Restriction Enzymes
DNA Sequencing
Chromosomal Location and Gene Copy Number
Studying Gene Expression
Northern Blot Analysis
3.5 Genomics and Bioinformatics:Hot New Areas of Biotechnology
Bioinformatics:Merging Molecular Biology with Computing Technology
Examples of Bioinformatics in Action
A Genome Cloning Effort of Epic Proportion:The Human Genome Project
What Have We Learned from the Human Genome?
The Human Genome Project Started an?Omics?Revolution
Comparative Genomics
Stone Age Genomics
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
4 Proteins as Products
4.1 Introduction to Proteins as Biotech Products
4.2 Proteins as Biotechnology Products
Making a Biotech Drug
Medical Applications
Food Processing
Textiles and Leather Goods
Detergents
Paper Manufacturing and Recycling
Adhesives:Natural Glues
Bioremediation:Treating Pollution with Proteins
4.3 Protein Structures
Structural Arrangement
Protein Folding
Glycosylation
Protein Engineering
4.4 Protein Production
Protein Expression:The First Phase in Protein Processing
4.5 Protein Purification Methods
Preparing the Extract for Purification
Stabilizing the Proteins in Solution
Separating the Components in the Extract
4.6 Verification
4.7 Preserving Proteins
4.8 Scale-up of Protein Purification
4.9 Postpurification Analysis Methods
Protein Sequencing
X-ray Crystallography
4.10 Proteomics
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
5 Microbial Biotechnology
5.1 The Structure of Microbes
Yeast Are Important Microbes Too
5.2 Microorganisms as Tools
Microbial Enzymes
Bacterial Transformation
Electroporation
Cloning and Expression Techniques
5.3 Using Microbes for a Variety of Everyday Applications
Food Products
Therapeutic Proteins
Using Microbes Against Other Microbes
Field Applications of Recombinant Microorganisms
5.4 Vaccines
A Primer on Antibodies
How Are Vaccines Made?
Bacterial and Viral Targets for Vaccines
5.5 Microbial Genomes
Why Sequence Microbial Genomes?
Microbial Genome Sequencing Strategies
Selected Genomes Sequenced to Date
Sorcerer II:Traversing the Globe to Sequence Microbial Genomes
Viral Genomics
Assembling Genomes to Produce Human-Made Viruses
5.6 Microbial Diagnostics
Bacterial Detection Strategies
Tracking Disease-Causing Microorganisms
Microarrays for Tracking Contagious Diseases
5.7 Combating Bioterrorism
Microbes as Bioweapons
Targets of Bioterrorism
Using Biotechnology Against Bioweapons
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
6 Plant Biotechnology
6.1 Agriculture:The Next Revolution
6.2 Methods Used in Plant Transgenesis
Conventional Selective Breeding and Hybridization
Cloning:Growing Plants from Single Cells
Protoplast Fusion
Leaf Fragment Technique
Gene Guns
Chloroplast Engineering
Antisense Technology
6.3 Practical Applications in the Field
Vaccines for Plants
Genetic Pesticides:A Safer Alternative?
Safe Storage
Herbicide Resistance
Stronger Fibers
Enhanced Nutrition
The Future:From Pharmaceuticals to Fuel
Metabolic Engineering
6.4 Health and Environmental Concerns
Concerns About Human Health
Concerns About the Environment
Regulations
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
7 Animal Biotechnology
7.1 Introduction to Animal Biotechnology
7.2 Animals in Research
Animal Models
Alternatives to Animal Models
Regulation of Animal Research
Veterinary Medicine as Clinical Trials
Bioengineering Mosquitoes to Prevent Malaria
7.3 Clones
Creating Dolly:A Breakthrough in Cloning
The Limits to Cloning
The Future of Cloning
7.4 Transgenic Animals
Transgenic Techniques
Improving Agricultural Products with Transgenics
Transgenic Animals as Bioreactors
Knockouts:A Special Case of Transgenics
7.5 Producing Human Antibodies in Animals
Monoclonal Antibodies
Eggs as Antibody Factories
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
8 DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis
8.1 Introduction to DNA Fingerprinting and Forensics
8.2 What Is a DNA Fingerprint?
How Is DNA Typing Performed?
8.3 Preparing a DNA Fingerprint
Specimen Collection
Extracting DNA for Analysis
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(RFLP)Analysis
The Southern Blot Technique
PCR and DNA Amplification
Dot Blot(or Slot Blot)Analysis
STR Analysis
8.4 Putting DNA to Use
The Narborough Village Murders
The Forest Hills Rapist
Terrorism and Natural Disasters Force Development of New Technologies
8.5 DNA and the Rules of Evidence
DNA Fingerprinting and the Simpson and Goldman Murders
Human Error and Sources of Contamination
DNA and Juries
8.6 Familial Relationships and DNA Profiles
Mitochondrial DNA Analysis
Y-Chromosome Analysis
8.7 Nonhuman DNA Analysis
DNA Tagging to Fight Fraud
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
9 Bioremediation
9.1 What Is Bioremediation?
Why Is Bioremediation Important?
9.2 Bioremediation Basics
What Needs to Be Cleaned Up?
Chemicals in the Environment
Fundamentals of Cleanup Reactions
The Players:Metabolizing Microbes
Bioremediation Genomics Programs
9.3 Cleanup Sites and Strategies
Soil Cleanup
Bioremediation of Water
Turning Wastes into Energy
9.4 Applying Genetically Engineered Strains to Clean Up the Environment
Petroleum-Eating Bacteria
Engineering E.coli to Clean Up Heavy Metals
Biosensors
Genetically Modified Plants and Phytoremediation
9.5 Environmental Disasters:Case Studies in Bioremediation
Jet Fuel and Hanahan,South Carolina
The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
Oil Fields of Kuwait
9.6 Future Strategies and Challenges for Bioremediation
Recovering Valuable Metals
Bioremediation of Radioactive Wastes
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
10 Aquatic Biotechnology
10.1 Introduction to Aquatic Biotechnology
10.2 Aquaculture:Increasing the World's Food Supply Through Biotechnology
The Economics of Aquaculture
Fish Farming Practices
Improving Strains for Aquaculture
Enhancing Seafood Quality and Safety
Barriers and Limitations to Aquaculture
The Future of Aquaculture
10.3 Molecular Genetics of Aquatic Organisms
Discovery and Cloning of Novel Genes
Genetic Manipulations of Finfish and Shellfish
10.4 Medical Applications of Aquatic Biotechnology
Drugs and Medicines from the Sea
Monitoring Health and Human Disease
10.5 Nonmedical Products
A Potpourri of Products
Biomass and Bioprocessing
10.6 Environmental Applications of Aquatic Biotechnology
Antifouling Agents
Biosensors
Environmental Remediation
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
11 Medical Biotechnology
11.1 The Power of Molecular Biology:Detecting and Diagnosing Human Disease Conditions
Models of Human Disease
Biomarkers for Disease Detection
Detecting Genetic Diseases
11.2 Medical Products and Applications of Biotechnology
The Search for New Medicines and Drugs
Artificial Blood
Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies
11.3 Gene Therapy
How Is It Done?
Curing Genetic Diseases:Targets for Gene Therapy
Challenges Facing Gene Therapy
11.4 The Potential of Regenerative Medicine
Cell and Tissue Transplantation
Tissue Engineering
Stem Cell Technologies
Cloning
Embryonic Stem Cell and Therapeutic Cloning Regulations in the United States
11.5 The Human Genome Project Has Revealed Disease Genes on All Human Chromosomes
Piecing Together the Human Genome Puzzle
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
12 Biotechnology Regulations
12.1 The Regulatory Framework
12.2 U.S.Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Permitting Process
The APHIS Investigative Process
The Notification Process
12.3 The Environmental Protection Agency
Experimental Use Permits
The First Experimental Use Permit
Deregulation and Commercialization
12.4 Food and Drug Administration
Food and Food Additives
The Drug Approval Process
Good Laboratory(GLP),Clinical(GCP),and Manufacturing(GMP)Practices
Phase Testing of Drugs
Faster Drug Approval versus Public Safety
12.5 Legislation and Regulation:The Ongoing Role of Government
Labeling Biotechnology Products
The Fluvirin Failure
12.6 Introduction to Patents
The Value of Patents in the Biotechnology Industry
Patenting DNA Sequences
12.7 Biotechnology Products in the Global Marketplace
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
13 Ethics and Biotechnology
13.1 What Is Ethics?
Approaches to Ethical Decision Making
Ethical Exercise Warm-Up
13.2 Biotechnology and Nature
Cells and Products
GM Crops:Are You What You Eat?
Animal Husbandry or Animal Tinkering?
The Human Question
What Does It Mean to Be Human?
Spare Embryos for Research Versus Creating Embryos for Research
Cloning
Patient Rights and Biological Materials
Regulations in Flux
Your Genes,Your Self
More or Less Human?
13.3 Economics,the Role of Science,and Communication
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
Appendix 1 Answers to Questions & Activities
Appendix 2 The 20 Amino Acids of Proteins
Credits
Glossary
Index
Preface
1 The Biotechnology Century and Its Workforce
1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?
A Brief History of Biotechnology
Biotechnology:A Science of Many Disciplines
Products of Modern Biotechnology
Ethics and Biotechnology
1.2 Types of Biotechnology
Microbial Biotechnology
Agricultural Biotechnology
Animal Biotechnology
Forensic Biotechnology
Bioremediation
Aquatic Biotechnology
Medical Biotechnology
Regulatory Biotechnology
The Biotechnology?Big Picture?
1.3 Biological Challenges of the 21st Century
What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like?
A Scenario in the Future:How Might We Benefit from the Human Genome Project?
1.4 The Biotechnology Workforce
The Business of Biotechnology
Organization of a Biotechnology Company
Jobs in Biotechnology
Salaries in Biotechnology
Hiring Trends in the Biotechnology Industry
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
2 An Introduction to Genes and Genomes
2.1 A Review of Cell Structure
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
2.2 The Molecule of Life
Evidence That DNA Is the Inherited Genetic Material
DNA Structure
What Is a Gene?
2.3 Chromosome Structure,DNA Replication,and Genomes
Chromosome Structure
DNA Replication
What Is a Genome?
2.4 RNA and Protein Synthesis
Copying the Code:Transcription
Translating the Code:Protein Synthesis
Basics of Gene Expression Control
2.5 Mutations:Causes and Consequences
Types of Mutations
Mutations Can Be Inherited or Acquired
Mutations Are the Basis of Variation in Genomes and a Cause of Human Genetic Diseases
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
3 Recombinant DNA Technology and Genomics
3.1 Introduction to Recombinant DNA Technology and DNA Cloning
Restriction Enzymes and Plasmid DNA Vectors
Transformation of Bacterial Cells and Antibiotic Selection of Recombinant Bacteria
Introduction to Human Gene Cloning
3.2 What Makes a Good Vector?
Practical Features of DNA Cloning Vectors
Types of Vectors
3.3 How Do You Identify and Clone a Gene of Interest?
Creating DNA Libraries:Building a Collection of Cloned Genes
Polymerase Chain Reaction
3.4 What Can You Do with a Cloned Gene?Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology
Gel Electrophoresis and Mapping Gene Structure with Restriction Enzymes
DNA Sequencing
Chromosomal Location and Gene Copy Number
Studying Gene Expression
Northern Blot Analysis
3.5 Genomics and Bioinformatics:Hot New Areas of Biotechnology
Bioinformatics:Merging Molecular Biology with Computing Technology
Examples of Bioinformatics in Action
A Genome Cloning Effort of Epic Proportion:The Human Genome Project
What Have We Learned from the Human Genome?
The Human Genome Project Started an?Omics?Revolution
Comparative Genomics
Stone Age Genomics
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
4 Proteins as Products
4.1 Introduction to Proteins as Biotech Products
4.2 Proteins as Biotechnology Products
Making a Biotech Drug
Medical Applications
Food Processing
Textiles and Leather Goods
Detergents
Paper Manufacturing and Recycling
Adhesives:Natural Glues
Bioremediation:Treating Pollution with Proteins
4.3 Protein Structures
Structural Arrangement
Protein Folding
Glycosylation
Protein Engineering
4.4 Protein Production
Protein Expression:The First Phase in Protein Processing
4.5 Protein Purification Methods
Preparing the Extract for Purification
Stabilizing the Proteins in Solution
Separating the Components in the Extract
4.6 Verification
4.7 Preserving Proteins
4.8 Scale-up of Protein Purification
4.9 Postpurification Analysis Methods
Protein Sequencing
X-ray Crystallography
4.10 Proteomics
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
5 Microbial Biotechnology
5.1 The Structure of Microbes
Yeast Are Important Microbes Too
5.2 Microorganisms as Tools
Microbial Enzymes
Bacterial Transformation
Electroporation
Cloning and Expression Techniques
5.3 Using Microbes for a Variety of Everyday Applications
Food Products
Therapeutic Proteins
Using Microbes Against Other Microbes
Field Applications of Recombinant Microorganisms
5.4 Vaccines
A Primer on Antibodies
How Are Vaccines Made?
Bacterial and Viral Targets for Vaccines
5.5 Microbial Genomes
Why Sequence Microbial Genomes?
Microbial Genome Sequencing Strategies
Selected Genomes Sequenced to Date
Sorcerer II:Traversing the Globe to Sequence Microbial Genomes
Viral Genomics
Assembling Genomes to Produce Human-Made Viruses
5.6 Microbial Diagnostics
Bacterial Detection Strategies
Tracking Disease-Causing Microorganisms
Microarrays for Tracking Contagious Diseases
5.7 Combating Bioterrorism
Microbes as Bioweapons
Targets of Bioterrorism
Using Biotechnology Against Bioweapons
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
6 Plant Biotechnology
6.1 Agriculture:The Next Revolution
6.2 Methods Used in Plant Transgenesis
Conventional Selective Breeding and Hybridization
Cloning:Growing Plants from Single Cells
Protoplast Fusion
Leaf Fragment Technique
Gene Guns
Chloroplast Engineering
Antisense Technology
6.3 Practical Applications in the Field
Vaccines for Plants
Genetic Pesticides:A Safer Alternative?
Safe Storage
Herbicide Resistance
Stronger Fibers
Enhanced Nutrition
The Future:From Pharmaceuticals to Fuel
Metabolic Engineering
6.4 Health and Environmental Concerns
Concerns About Human Health
Concerns About the Environment
Regulations
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
7 Animal Biotechnology
7.1 Introduction to Animal Biotechnology
7.2 Animals in Research
Animal Models
Alternatives to Animal Models
Regulation of Animal Research
Veterinary Medicine as Clinical Trials
Bioengineering Mosquitoes to Prevent Malaria
7.3 Clones
Creating Dolly:A Breakthrough in Cloning
The Limits to Cloning
The Future of Cloning
7.4 Transgenic Animals
Transgenic Techniques
Improving Agricultural Products with Transgenics
Transgenic Animals as Bioreactors
Knockouts:A Special Case of Transgenics
7.5 Producing Human Antibodies in Animals
Monoclonal Antibodies
Eggs as Antibody Factories
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
8 DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis
8.1 Introduction to DNA Fingerprinting and Forensics
8.2 What Is a DNA Fingerprint?
How Is DNA Typing Performed?
8.3 Preparing a DNA Fingerprint
Specimen Collection
Extracting DNA for Analysis
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(RFLP)Analysis
The Southern Blot Technique
PCR and DNA Amplification
Dot Blot(or Slot Blot)Analysis
STR Analysis
8.4 Putting DNA to Use
The Narborough Village Murders
The Forest Hills Rapist
Terrorism and Natural Disasters Force Development of New Technologies
8.5 DNA and the Rules of Evidence
DNA Fingerprinting and the Simpson and Goldman Murders
Human Error and Sources of Contamination
DNA and Juries
8.6 Familial Relationships and DNA Profiles
Mitochondrial DNA Analysis
Y-Chromosome Analysis
8.7 Nonhuman DNA Analysis
DNA Tagging to Fight Fraud
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
9 Bioremediation
9.1 What Is Bioremediation?
Why Is Bioremediation Important?
9.2 Bioremediation Basics
What Needs to Be Cleaned Up?
Chemicals in the Environment
Fundamentals of Cleanup Reactions
The Players:Metabolizing Microbes
Bioremediation Genomics Programs
9.3 Cleanup Sites and Strategies
Soil Cleanup
Bioremediation of Water
Turning Wastes into Energy
9.4 Applying Genetically Engineered Strains to Clean Up the Environment
Petroleum-Eating Bacteria
Engineering E.coli to Clean Up Heavy Metals
Biosensors
Genetically Modified Plants and Phytoremediation
9.5 Environmental Disasters:Case Studies in Bioremediation
Jet Fuel and Hanahan,South Carolina
The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
Oil Fields of Kuwait
9.6 Future Strategies and Challenges for Bioremediation
Recovering Valuable Metals
Bioremediation of Radioactive Wastes
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
10 Aquatic Biotechnology
10.1 Introduction to Aquatic Biotechnology
10.2 Aquaculture:Increasing the World's Food Supply Through Biotechnology
The Economics of Aquaculture
Fish Farming Practices
Improving Strains for Aquaculture
Enhancing Seafood Quality and Safety
Barriers and Limitations to Aquaculture
The Future of Aquaculture
10.3 Molecular Genetics of Aquatic Organisms
Discovery and Cloning of Novel Genes
Genetic Manipulations of Finfish and Shellfish
10.4 Medical Applications of Aquatic Biotechnology
Drugs and Medicines from the Sea
Monitoring Health and Human Disease
10.5 Nonmedical Products
A Potpourri of Products
Biomass and Bioprocessing
10.6 Environmental Applications of Aquatic Biotechnology
Antifouling Agents
Biosensors
Environmental Remediation
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
11 Medical Biotechnology
11.1 The Power of Molecular Biology:Detecting and Diagnosing Human Disease Conditions
Models of Human Disease
Biomarkers for Disease Detection
Detecting Genetic Diseases
11.2 Medical Products and Applications of Biotechnology
The Search for New Medicines and Drugs
Artificial Blood
Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies
11.3 Gene Therapy
How Is It Done?
Curing Genetic Diseases:Targets for Gene Therapy
Challenges Facing Gene Therapy
11.4 The Potential of Regenerative Medicine
Cell and Tissue Transplantation
Tissue Engineering
Stem Cell Technologies
Cloning
Embryonic Stem Cell and Therapeutic Cloning Regulations in the United States
11.5 The Human Genome Project Has Revealed Disease Genes on All Human Chromosomes
Piecing Together the Human Genome Puzzle
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
12 Biotechnology Regulations
12.1 The Regulatory Framework
12.2 U.S.Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Permitting Process
The APHIS Investigative Process
The Notification Process
12.3 The Environmental Protection Agency
Experimental Use Permits
The First Experimental Use Permit
Deregulation and Commercialization
12.4 Food and Drug Administration
Food and Food Additives
The Drug Approval Process
Good Laboratory(GLP),Clinical(GCP),and Manufacturing(GMP)Practices
Phase Testing of Drugs
Faster Drug Approval versus Public Safety
12.5 Legislation and Regulation:The Ongoing Role of Government
Labeling Biotechnology Products
The Fluvirin Failure
12.6 Introduction to Patents
The Value of Patents in the Biotechnology Industry
Patenting DNA Sequences
12.7 Biotechnology Products in the Global Marketplace
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
13 Ethics and Biotechnology
13.1 What Is Ethics?
Approaches to Ethical Decision Making
Ethical Exercise Warm-Up
13.2 Biotechnology and Nature
Cells and Products
GM Crops:Are You What You Eat?
Animal Husbandry or Animal Tinkering?
The Human Question
What Does It Mean to Be Human?
Spare Embryos for Research Versus Creating Embryos for Research
Cloning
Patient Rights and Biological Materials
Regulations in Flux
Your Genes,Your Self
More or Less Human?
13.3 Economics,the Role of Science,and Communication
Questions & Activities
References and Further Reading
Appendix 1 Answers to Questions & Activities
Appendix 2 The 20 Amino Acids of Proteins
Credits
Glossary
Index
