內容簡介
《Cadence印刷電路板設計:Allegro PCB Editor設計指南(第2版)》基於Cadence Allegro 最新的設計平台,通過設計行業相關專家的經驗分享、實例剖析,詳細介紹了整個印刷電路設計的各個環節,以期對提高整個行業的設計水平有所幫助。《Cadence印刷電路板設計:Allegro PCB Editor設計指南(第2版)》最大的特點是介紹了Cadence Allegro 平台下PCB設計所有的工具,既對基本的PCB設計工具進行了介紹,也介紹了最新的工具,例如,全局布線環境(GRE)、射頻設計、團隊協同設計等。《Cadence印刷電路板設計:Allegro PCB Editor設計指南(第2版)》也介紹了Cadence 最新的設計方法,例如,任意角度布線和針對最新的Intel 的Romely平台下BGA 弧形布線的支持,以及最新的埋阻、埋容技術。《Cadence印刷電路板設計:Allegro PCB Editor設計指南(第2版)》適合從事PCB設計的工程師參考學習。這一版中更新了CadenceSPB 17.0的內容。
圖書目錄
第1 章 PCB設計介
紹...............................................................................................1
1.1 PCB 設計的發展趨勢............................................................................................1
1.1.1 PCB 的歷史.........................................................................................................1
1.1.2 PCB 設計的發展趨勢..........................................................................................1
1.2 PCB 設計流程簡介.................................................................................................4
1.3 高級PCB 設計工程師的必備知識.......................................................................5
1.4 基於Cadence 平台的PCB 設計..........................................................................5
第2 章 Allegro SPB 平台簡介...................................................................................8
2.1 Cadence PCB 設計解決方案..................................................................................8
2.1.1 PCB Editor技術.....................................................................................................9
2.1.2 高速設計.............................................................................................................12
2.1.3 小型化.................................................................................................................14
2.1.4 設計規劃與布線................................................................................................. 14
2.1.5 生產製造選件..................................................................................................... 15
2.1.6 模擬/射頻設計.................................................................................................... 17
2.1.7 團隊協作設計................................................................................................. …..18
2.1.8 PCB Autorouter技術........................................................................................... 18
2.2 Allegro SPB 軟體安裝..............................................................................................18
第3 章原理圖和PCB互動設計................................................................................. 21
3.1 OrCAD Capture 平台簡介........................................................................................ 21
3.2 OrCAD Capture 平台原理圖設計流程.................................................................... 25
3.2.1 OrCAD Capture 設計環境......................................................................................25
3.2.2 創建新項目............................................................................................................28
3.2.3 放置器件並連線....................................................................................................29
3.2.4 器件命名和設計規則檢查....................................................................................30
3.2.5 跨頁連線................................................................................................................33
3.2.6 網表和Bom ...........................................................................................................34
3.3 OrCAD Capture 平台原理圖設計規範......................................................................35
3.3.1 器件、引腳、網路命名規範.................................................................................35
3.3.2 確定封裝.................................................................................................................36
3.3.3 關於改板時候的器件名問題.................................................................................36
3.3.4 原理圖可讀性與布局.............................................................................................37
3.4 正標與反標................................................................................................................38
3.5 設計互動....................................................................................................................41
第4 章 PCB Editor 設計環境和設定.............................................................................44
4.1 Allegro SPB 工作界面.................................................................................................44
4.1.1 工作界面與產品說明.............................................................................................44
4.1.2 選項面板................................................................................................................47
4.2 Allegro SPB 參數設定................................................................................................49
4.3 Allegro SPB 環境設定................................................................................................53
第5 章封裝庫的管理和設計方法................................................................................63
5.1 PCB 封裝庫簡介.........................................................................................................63
5.2 PCB 封裝命名規則.................................................................................................69
5.3 PCB 封裝創建方法實例.........................................................................................70
5.3.1 創建焊盤庫.........................................................................................................71
5.3.2 用Pad Designer 製作焊盤.................................................................................72
5.3.3 手工創建PCB封裝.............................................................................................84
5.3.4 自動創建PCB封裝............................................................................................89
5.3.5 封裝實例以及高級技巧.....................................................................................93
5.4 PCB 封裝庫管理....................................................................................................98
第6 章 PCB設計前處理............................................................................................100
6.1 PCB 設計前處理概述............................................................................................100
6.2 網表調入...............................................................................................................100
6.2.1 封裝庫路徑的指定............................................................................................101
6.2.2 Allegro Design Authoring/Capture CIS 網表調入...............................................102
6.2.3 第三方網表.........................................................................................................104
6.3 建立板框................................................................................................................106
6.3.1 手動繪製板框.....................................................................................................106
6.3.2 導入DXF 格式的板框........................................................................................110
6.4 添加禁布區........................................................................................................... 112
6.5 MCAD-ECAD 協同設計.......................................................................................... 115
6.5.1 第一次導入Baseline的機械結構圖...................................................................115
6.5.2 設計過程中的機械結構修改............................................................................117
6.5.3 設計結束後建立新的基準(Re-Baseline)......................................................122
第7 章約束管理器....................................................................................................123
7.1 約束管理器(Constraint Manager)介紹............................................................ 123
7.2 物理約束(Physical Constraint)與間距約束(Spacing Constraint)................ 128
7.2.1 Physical 約束和Spacing 約束介紹.....................................................................128
7.2.2 Net Group 和Net Class........................................................................................128
7.2.3 建立Net Class......................................................................................................129
7.2.4 為Class添加對象...............................................................................................130
7.2.5 設定Physical 約束的Default 規則...................................................................131
7.2.6 建立擴展Physical約束......................................................................................133
7.2.7 為Net Class添加Physical 約束........................................................................134
7.2.8 設定Spacing約束的Default 規則...................................................................135
7.2.9 建立擴展Spacing 約束....................................................................................135
7.2.10 為Net Class添加Spacing約束......................................................................136
7.2.11 建立Net Class-Class間距規則.......................................................................137
7.2.12 層間約束(Constraints By Layer).................................................................137
7.2.13 Same Net Spacing 約束....................................................................................138
7.2.14 區域約束..........................................................................................................138
7.2.15 Net 屬性............................................................................................................141
7.2.16 Component 屬性和Pin 屬性...........................................................................142
7.2.17 DRC 工作表.......................................................................................................142
7.2.18 設計約束.............................................................................................................143
7.3 實例:設定物理約束和間距約束..........................................................................144
7.3.1 Physical 約束設定.................................................................................................145
7.3.2 Spacing 約束設定.................................................................................................147
7.4 電氣約束(Electrical Constraint).........................................................................148
7.4.1 Electrical 約束介紹...............................................................................................148
7.4.2 Wiring 工作表.......................................................................................................149
7.4.3 Impedance 工作表...............................................................................................153
7.4.4 Min/Max Propagation Delays 工作表...................................................................154
7.4.5 Relative Propagation Delay 工作表......................................................................156
7.4.6 Total Etch Length 工作表.....................................................................................158
7.4.7 Differential Pair 工作表.......................................................................................159
7.5 實例:建立差分線對.............................................................................................164
第8 章 PCB布局..........................................................................................................168
8.1 PCB 布局要求..........................................................................................................168
8.2 PCB 布局思路..........................................................................................................171
8.2.1 接口器件,結構定位...........................................................................................171
8.2.2 主要晶片布局.......................................................................................................172
8.2.3 電源模組布局.......................................................................................................174
8.2.4 細化布局...............................................................................................................174
8.2.5 布線通道、電源通道評估...................................................................................175
8.2.6 EMC、SI、散熱設計..............................................................................................178
8.3 布局常用指令..........................................................................................................180
8.3.1 擺放元件...............................................................................................................180
8.3.2 按照Room 放置器件...........................................................................................183
8.3.3 按照Capture CIS 原理圖頁面放置器件.............................................................186
8.3.4 布局準備...............................................................................................................188
8.3.5 手動布局...............................................................................................................191
8.4 其他布局功能..........................................................................................................195
8.4.1 導出元件庫...........................................................................................................195
8.4.2 更新元件(Update Symbols).............................................................................196
8.4.3 過孔陣列(Via Arrays).......................................................................................197
8.4.4 模組布局和布局復用...........................................................................................198
第9 章層疊設計與阻抗控制......................................................................................202
9.1 層疊設計的基本原則..............................................................................................202
9.1.1 PCB 層的構成.......................................................................................................202
9.1.2 合理的PCB層數選擇..........................................................................................203
9.1.3 PCB 層疊設定的常見問題...................................................................................204
9.1.4 層疊設定的基本原則...........................................................................................205
9.2 層疊設計的經典案例..............................................................................................205
9.2.1 四層板的層疊方案...............................................................................................205
9.2.2 六層板的層疊方案...............................................................................................206
9.2.3 八層板的層疊方案...............................................................................................207
9.2.4 十層板的層疊方案...............................................................................................208
9.2.5 十二層板的層疊方案...........................................................................................208
9.2.6 十四層以上單板的層疊方案...............................................................................210
9.3 阻抗控制..................................................................................................................210
9.3.1 阻抗計算需要的參數...........................................................................................210
9.3.2 利用Allegro軟體進行阻抗計算..........................................................................213
第10 章電源地處理....................................................................................................217
10.1 電源地處理的基本原則........................................................................................217
10.1.1 載流能力.............................................................................................................218
10.1.2 電源通道和濾波.................................................................................................220
10.1.3 直流壓降.............................................................................................................220
10.1.4 參考平面.............................................................................................................221
10.1.5 其他要求.............................................................................................................221
10.2 電源地平面分割....................................................................................................222
10.3 電源地正片銅皮處理............................................................................................226
10.4 電源地處理的其他注意事項................................................................................231
10.4.1 前期Fanout ........................................................................................................231
10.4.2 散熱問題.............................................................................................................233
10.4.3 接地方式.............................................................................................................235
10.4.4 開關電源反饋線設計.........................................................................................237
第11 章 PCB布線的基本原則與操作.........................................................................241
11.1 布線概述及原則....................................................................................................241
11.1.1 布線中的DFM要求..........................................................................................241
11.1.2 布線中的電氣特性要求.....................................................................................244
11.1.3 布線中的散熱考慮.............................................................................................246
11.1.4 布線其他總結.....................................................................................................246
11.2 布線規劃................................................................................................................246
11.2.1 約束設定.............................................................................................................246
11.2.2 Fanout ..................................................................................................................247
11.2.3 布線.....................................................................................................................251
11.3 手動布線................................................................................................................253
11.3.1 添加走線.............................................................................................................253
11.3.2 布線編輯命令.....................................................................................................260
11.3.3 時序等長控制.....................................................................................................265
11.4 各類信號布線注意事項及布線技巧.....................................................................268
第12 章全局布線環境(GRE)..................................................................................274
12.1 GRE 功能簡介.........................................................................................................274
12.1.1 新一代的PCB布局布線工具…...........................................................................275
12.1.2 自動布線的挑戰..................................................................................................275
12.1.3 使用GRE 進行布局規劃的優.點.......................................................................276
12.2 GRE 高級布局布線規劃.........................................................................................278
12.2.1 GRE 參數設定......................................................................................................279
12.2.2 處理Bundle.........................................................................................................281
12.2.3 規劃Flow............................................................................................................284
12.2.4 規劃驗證.............................................................................................................287
12.3 高級布局布線規劃流程.........................................................................................290
12.4 高級布局布線規劃實例.........................................................................................292
12.5 自動互連技術Auto-I.XX.........................................................................................297
12.5.1 Flow 的快速創建及連線......................................................................................297
12.5.2 自動Breakout 的套用.........................................................................................300
第13 章 PCB 測試..........................................................................................................306
13.1 測試方法介紹...........................................................................................................306
13.2 加測試點的要求.......................................................................................................308
13.3 加入測試點................................................................................................................308
13.4 測試點的生成步驟....................................................................................................315
第14 章後處理和光繪檔案輸出....................................................................................317
14.1 DFX概述.....................................................................................................................317
14.1.1 可製造性要求(DFM).........................................................................................318
14.1.2 可裝配性要求(DFA)..........................................................................................319
14.1.3 可測試性要求(DFT)..........................................................................................319
14.2 絲印(Silkscreen)...................................................................................................319
14.2.1 絲印調整................................................................................................................320
14.2.2 絲印設計常規要求................................................................................................321
14.3 絲印重命名及反標註................................................................................................322
14.3.1 器件編號重命名(Rename)................................................................................322
14.3.2 反標(Back Annotation)......................................................................................325
14.4 工程標註.....................................................................................................................325
14.4.1 尺寸標註..................................................................................................................326
14.4.2 技術說明文檔資料(Drill 層相關生產需求說明)..............................................332
14.5 輸出光繪前的檢查流程..............................................................................................335
14.5.1 基於Check List 的檢查............................................................................................335
14.5.2 Display Status 檢查..................................................................................335
14.5.3 報表檢查......................................................................................................336
14.6 光繪輸出....................................................................................................338
14.6.1 鑽孔檔案.............................................................................................339
14.6.2 CAM 輸出.....................................................................................................343
14.7 其他.............................................................................................................349
14.7.1 valor 檢查所需檔案..............................................................................349
14.7.2 3D 視圖........................................................................................................349
14.7.3 列印PDF.........................................................................................................350
第15 章 PCB 設計的高級技巧...............................................................................357
15.1 Skill 二次開發.........................................................................................................357
15.2 團隊協同設計.........................................................................................................361
15.3 設計數據導入導出..................................................................................................366
15.4 無盤設計.................................................................................................................371
15.5 背鑽設計....................................................................................................................373
15.6 DFA可裝配性設計..................................................................................................378
15.7 走線跨分割檢查(Segments over Voids)...........................................................381
15.8 Extracta ...................................................................................................................382
15.9 最佳化(Gloss)......................................................................................................384
15.10 Data Tips................................................................................................................388
15.11 3D Viewer ............................................................................................................389
15.12 任意角度走線.....................................................................................................391
15.13 超級蛇形線.........................................................................................................393
15.14 Ravel 語言...........................................................................................................393
15.15 差分對的返迴路徑的過孔.................................................................................395
15.16 Shape 編輯套用模式...........................................................................................396
15.17 Time Vision——High Speed Product Option .........................................................398
第16 章高速PCB 設計................................................................................................400
16.1 高速PCB 設計理論..............................................................................................400
16.1.1 高速PCB 設計定義............................................................................................400
16.1.2 高速PCB 相關的一些基本理論........................................................................402
16.1.3 高速PCB 設計基本原則....................................................................................409
16.2 信號完整性仿真....................................................................................................410
16.2.1 普通信號完整性問題.........................................................................................410
16.2.2 時序問題(Timing).........................................................................................412
16.2.3 GHz 以上串列信號問題.....................................................................................414
16.3 電源完整性仿真設計...........................................................................................416
16.3.1 直流電源問題.....................................................................................................416
16.3.2 交流電源問題.....................................................................................................417
16.4 板級EMC 設計......................................................................................................420
16.4.1 板級EMC 設計的關注點..................................................................................420
16.4.2 Cadence 的EMC設計規則................................................................................423
第17 章 DDR3的PCB 設計實例................................................................................425
17.1 DDR3介紹...............................................................................................................425
17.1.1 Fly-By 設計.........................................................................................................428
17.1.2 動態ODT............................................................................................................430
17.1.3 其他更新.............................................................................................................430
17.2 DDR3 PCB 設計規則...............................................................................................431
17.2.1 時序規則.............................................................................................................431
17.2.2 電源設計要求及層疊、阻抗方案.....................................................................433
17.2.3 物理、間距規則.................................................................................................434
17.2.4 電氣規則.............................................................................................................446
17.3 DDR3布局.................................................................................................................454
17.3.1 放置關鍵器件......................................................................................................454
17.3.2 模組布局...............................................................................................................456
17.4 布線..........................................................................................................................459
17.4.1 電源處理................................................................................................................459
17.4.2 Fanout .....................................................................................................................462
17.4.3 DDR3布線...............................................................................................................463
17.5 信號完整性和電源完整性仿真設計.........................................................................467
17.5.1 信號完整性仿真.....................................................................................................467
17.5.1.1 定義仿真模板...................................................................................................... 467
17.5.1.2 載入零件IBIS模型.............................................................................................. 468
17.5.1.3 編輯互連線模型.................................................................................................. 471
17.5.1.4 仿真設定.............................................................................................................. 474
17.5.2 仿真結果展示..........................................................................................................475
17.5.2.1 時鐘信號(800MHz) ..............................................................................................475
17.5.2.2 控制信號(800Mbps) ............................................................................................477
17.5.2.3 地址、命令信號(800Mbps) .................................................................................478
17.5.3 電源完整性仿真...................................................................................................... 480
17.5.3.1 PowerDC仿真結果展示........................................................................................480
17.5.3.2 PowerSI仿真結果展示..........................................................................................482
第18 章小型化設計.........................................................................................................485
18.1 小型化設計的工藝流程.............................................................................................485
18.1.1 HDI 技術...................................................................................................................485
18.1.2 埋入零件..................................................................................................................491
18.2 實例:盲、埋孔設計.................................................................................................491
18.3 盲、埋孔設計的其他設定.........................................................................................495
18.4 埋入零件設計的基本參數設定.................................................................................498
18.4.1 實例:埋入零件......................................................................................................501
18.4.2 埋入零件生產數據輸出..........................................................................................505
第19 章射頻設計............................................................................................................509
19.1 RF PCB 設計背景.........................................................................................................509
19.2 RF PCB 設計的特點.....................................................................................................511
19.3 RF PCB 設計流程.........................................................................................................511
19.4 Analog/RF 設計常用的命令........................................................................................520
附錄幫助檔案使用說明.....................................................................................................541
參考資料.............................................................................................................................553
作者簡介
吳均,高速PCB設計公司——一博科技副總經理兼研發總監,十五年高速設計與仿真經驗,擅長IT通信設備的高速PCB設計與SI、PI仿真,曾在深圳、北京、上海、成都主講多場《高速電路設計的挑戰與解決方案》,受到業內人士的廣泛讚譽。
編輯推薦
無論是對PCB 設計初學者還是經驗豐富的高手,本書都具有非常高的指導作用和參考價值。
本書的所有的作者他們在PCB 設計這個行業上均至少奮鬥了十幾年,常常為極具挑戰和代表性的PCB 提供設計工程解決方案。在繁忙的本職工作之餘,精心打造本書,這是他們的心血結晶,也是對PCB 設計行業的一種分享和回饋。