與動詞在邏輯上存在著主謂關係,即語義上的施動者,稱作邏輯主語。
基本介紹
- 中文名:邏輯主語
- 概念:動詞所對應動作的施動者
- 套用範圍:語言
前言
邏輯主語與語法主語
- Our child planted a tree.(我們的孩子植了棵樹。)
- A tree was planted by our child.(一棵樹被我們孩子植了。)
第一句中,Our child既是語法主語,又是邏輯主語;
第二句中,Our child是邏輯主語,但又是by的介詞賓語,在句子中只能算作同by一起組成狀語。
- Promise(ls: you)1 yourself to be so strong that nothing can disturb(ls: nothing)2 your peace of mind.(答應你自己努力變強,直到任何事情都不會迷惑你的心智。)
- The eastern sky wasbarred(ls: grey clouds)3with grey clouds.(東邊的天覆滿了烏雲。)
- Overheadwas(ls: a grey expanse of cloud)a grey expanse of cloud,slightlystirred(ls: wind), however, by a breeze; so that a gleam of
flickering(ls: sunshine)sunshine might now and then beseen(ls: people)atitssolitaryplay(ls: sunshine)along the path.(頭上是灰濛濛的雲天,時而被微風輕拂;因而不時可見縷縷陽光,孤寂地在小徑上閃爍跳躍。)
謂語動詞動詞主動態與被動態的邏輯主語
動詞主動態的句子或分句
- We swept the floor.
- He wrote a letter.
- The boy broke the glass.
- Don't smoke here.
- With great power comes great responsibility.
- There was an idea, to bring together a group of remarkable people, to see if we could become something more.
動詞被動態的句子或分句
- The floor was swept.地板打掃了。
- The letter was written by him.這封信是他寫的。
- The glass was broken by the boy.杯子被那個男孩打破了。
- English is spoken by many people in the world.世界上許多人說英語。
- Knives are used for cutting things.刀用來切東西。
- The work has been done.這個工作做完了。
非謂語動詞的邏輯主語
不定式
- He opened the door to let kids in.
- He hurried hometo fine his mother wasn't home.
- he boy was lost, never to be found again.
- To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
- To sweep the floor is my duty every day.
- He has much homework to do today.
- We have a very distinguished guest to attend our party.
- He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
- She fetched several bottlesfor Harry to use.
- It's so kind of you to help me.
- Forachildtolearneverythingisimpossible. =It'simpossibleforachildtolearneverything.
- Thearticleistoodifficultfor me tounderstand.
- Theorderforthemtoclimbthemountainwasgiven.
- The Internet made it possible for us to contact with relatives miles away.
- My mother asked meto wash the clothes.
- I consider him to be the best candidate.
- The teacher told him to come on time.
- Edison’s mother taught himto read and write.
- They are believed to have discussed the problem.
- Thousands were reported to be working in concentration camps.
- He is thought to be hiding in the woods.
- My mother wouldn’t let mego to the film.
- I don’t like milk, but mother made me drink it.
- I would have him wait for me at the gate of the park.
- I watched her get into the car.
- I saw the womanenter a bank.
- We often hear her sing this song.
- Did you notice her leave the house?
- I agreed to support him.
- He said he wanted to be a professor.
過去分詞
- Moved to tears by her, he stood there silently.
- Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
- He was all wet caught in a heavy rain.
- Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful to us.
- The new product finally passed therequiredtest.
- There are manybeautifully decoratedhouses in this rich area.
- The manfollowed by security guardsis our chairman.
- I heard the song sung by a girl in English.
- I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.
- Don't leave those things undone.
-ing分詞
- Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
- Fallingwater can be used to generate electricity.
- His being frightened makes us aware.
- Would you mind me opening the window?
直接與附加
直接邏輯主語
- He admitted (his) taking the money.
⇔ He admittedtaking the money. 他承認(他)拿了那筆錢。 - After (his) Finishing his work, he went to bed immediately.
⇔After Finishing his work, he went to bed immediately.完成工作後他立即上床睡覺。
- I don’t anticipate meeting any opposition. 我不期待(我以及你們)遇到任何敵對行為。
本句中,非謂語動詞meeting邏輯主語既包括句中的主語說話者I也包括上下文中的聽話者。
- Mother suggests having a picnic party this weekend. 母親建議周末舉辦一次野餐會。
本句中,非謂語動詞having的邏輯主語既是句子的主語也包括舉辦party的有關人員。
附加邏輯主語
- He suggested her applying for a multiple entry visa. 他建議她申請一個多用入關簽證。
- They insisted on my/me finishing the report before Friday. 他們堅持我在星期五之前完成這份報告。
- It is no good her keeping smoking all the time. 她總是不斷地吸菸是沒有好處的。
- Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 簡的粗心惹來了不少麻煩。
⇔That Jane was careless caused so much trouble. - What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 煩擾他們的是食物不足。
⇔What’s troubling them is that they have not enough food.
- The boy finishing his work, his mother allowed him to play a short while. 那孩子寫完作業後他媽媽允許他玩兒一小會兒。
- The baby was sleeping soundly, the nurse sitting beside the bed silently.嬰兒睡得十分香甜,保姆靜靜地坐在一旁。
- They ordering him to do it, he had no choice but to obey them. 因為他們命令他做這件事,他別無選擇只能服從。
實際考察形式
- ______________ in order to improve her English.
A. Some tapes are bought by Mary.
B.Mary bought some tapes.
C.Mary's dad bought Mary some tapes. - Cleaning the window, ________________.
A. my finger was hurt by sharp glass.
B.sharp glass hurt my finger.
C.I hurt my finger.