連詞（conj conjunction）是一種虛詞， 它不能獨立擔任句子成分而只起連線詞與詞，短語與短語以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為4類：並列連詞.轉折連詞.選擇連詞和因果連詞。連詞也可以分為2類：並列連詞和從屬連詞。
基本介紹
- 中文名：連詞
- 釋義：用來連線詞與詞、詞組或句子
- 分類：詞語
- 讀音：lián cí
並列連詞,並列結構,轉折或對比,讓步,原因關係,誤用,典例調研,指導借鑑,so和such,
並列連詞用來連線平行的詞、詞組和分句、句子。如：
and（和，與;而且;於是，然後;因此）
but（但是；通常用not...but...不是...而是...；可是,然而；表示驚訝，不同意等--喔，哇；用來加強語句重複部分的語氣--一定；用來引入新話題--那就；常用於否定句--而不，若不；用於含doubt,question等字的否定句中相當於that--對於），
or（或者，還是；用於否定句或問句--也不；否則，要不然；也就是說，換言之），
nor（用在neither之後--也不；用在no,not,never之後--也不；用在句首，句子需倒裝--也不），
so（因此，所以；因而，從而），
for（因為，由於），
both…and（既...又...；不但...而且），
not only…but also（不但，而且），
either…or（不是...就是；要么...要么），
neither…nor（既不...也不...),
注意：
then, therefore 等詞，並不是連詞，而是副詞！
並列連詞
並列連詞引導兩個並列的句子。
1)and 與or
判斷改錯：
（錯） They sat down and talk about something.
（錯） They started to dance and sang.
（錯） I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.
（對） They sat down and talked about something.
（對） They started to dance and sing.
（對）I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
解析：
第一句：and 連線兩個並列的謂語，所以 talk 應改為 talked。
第二句：and 連線兩個並列的動詞不定式，第二個不定式往往省略to，因此sang 應改為 sing。
第三句：and 連線感觀動詞saw 後面的用作的賓補的兩個並列分詞結構，因此whisper應改為whispering。
注意：and 還可以和祈使句或名詞詞組連用表示條件。（or也有此用法）
Make up your mind,and you'll get the chance.
= If you make up your mind,you'll get the chance.
One more effort,and you'll succeed.
= If you make one more effort,you'll succeed.
2)both …and兩者都
She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.
3)not only…but ...as well as=not only...but also不但…而且
She plays not only the piano,but (also) the guitar.
注意：not only… but also 關聯兩個分句時，一個分句因有否定詞not 而必須倒裝
Not only does he like reading stories,but also he can even write some.
4)neither…nor意思為"既不……也不……"謂語動詞採用就近原則，與nor後的詞保持一致。
Neither you nor he is to blame.
並列結構
1)or意思為"否則"。
I must work hard,or I'll fail in the exam.
我必須努力學習，否則我的考試成績將要下降.
2)either…or意思為"或者……或者……；不是……就是……"。注意謂語動詞採用就近原則。
Either you or I am right.
或者是你對，或者是我對.
When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances.
那個女孩高興時,不是唱就是跳.(此句中either...or...連線兩個動詞,因為主語是單數第三人稱,謂語動詞要用其相 應的形式.)
轉折或對比
1) but表示轉折，while表示對比。
Some people love cats,while others hate them.
典型例題
Would you like to come to dinner tonight
I'd like to,___ I'm too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but
答案D。but與前面形成轉折，符合語意。而表並列的and， 結果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。
2)not…but…意思為"不是……而是……"
not 和but 後面的用詞要遵循一致原則。
They were not the bones of an animal,but (the bones) of a human being.
讓步
however表讓步，譯為"無論如何"
However we adopt healthcare reform, it isn't going to save major amounts of money.
不管我們採取何種醫療改革措施，都省不下太多錢。
誤區提示：however可以表示轉折，譯為"然而；不過；仍然"但是這時為副詞詞性，而並非連詞。
例句：
This was not an easy decision. It is, however, a decision that we feel is dictated by our duty...
這很難抉擇。不過，我們覺得自己有義務作出決定。
原因關係
1)for 因為
判斷改錯：
（錯） For he is ill,he is absent today.
（對） He is absent today,for he is ill.
for是並列連詞，不能置於含兩個並列分句的句子的句首，只能將其放在兩個分句中間。
2)so,therefore 因此，所以
He hurt his leg,so he couldn't play in the game.
3)because 因為
I cannot sleep because I am too excited.
注意：
這兩個詞的意思很相近，通常是可以互換使用的。為了安全起見，最好用because引導從句，因為同 because引導的從句相比，for引導的從句的用法要受到某些限制：
①for引導的從句不能位於它所解釋的動詞之前：
Because it was wet, he took a taxi.
因為下雨，他叫了一輛計程車。（這裡不能用for）
②for引導的從句不能位於not，but或任何連詞之後
③for引導的從句不能用於回答問題：
—Why did you do it？ 你為什麼這么做？
—I did it because I was angry. 因為我生氣才這么做的。（這裡不能用for）
④for引導的從句不能單單用來複述已講過的話，而必須包括新的內容：
He spoke in French. 他講法語。
She was angry because he had spoken in French. 因為他講法語，她生氣了。
誤用
因為連詞的種類非常多，有並列連詞（連線複合句），有從屬連詞（引導複雜句），而從屬連詞引導的從句又可分為三類：名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句。尤其應注意的是有些連詞可引導不止一種從句，具有多重功能，這往往是學習的難點，也是易混點。
難點回顧：
[誤] Which you can see,he is always ready to help others.
[正] As you can see,he is always ready to help others.
[析]as引導非限制性定語從句，當"正像"講。
[誤] Do like I told you.
[正] Do as I told you.
[誤] He was reading then he was walking.
[正] He was reading as he was walking.
[析]as強調兩個動作同時進行，作"一邊……一邊……"講。
[誤] As he is young,he knows a lot.
[正] Young as he is,he knows a lot.
[誤] You don’t like him is none of my business.
[正] That you don’t like him is none of my business.
[析]that引導主語從句，本身無實際意義，但不能省略。
[誤] The thief handed everything which he had stolen to the police.
[正] The thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
[析]everything是不定代詞，因此後面的定語從句只能由that引導。
[誤] I am happy as you passed the exam.
[正] I am happy that you passed the exam.
[析]that在形容詞後面引導賓語從句，不能用as。
3.where可引導多種從句，如定語從句、狀語從句以及名詞性從句。
[誤] Go to find your watch. It’s there where you left it.
[正] Go to find your watch. It’s where you left it.
[析]where引導表語從句，相當於at the place where。
[誤] The place where there is water,there is life.
[正] Where there is water,there is life.
[析]where引導地點狀語從句，可以放在主句的前面，也可以放在主句的後面。
[誤] I can’t remember in which place I met him.
[正] I can’t remember where I met him.
[析]where引導賓語從句，不能用in which。
4.what可引導感嘆句、特殊疑問句、名詞性從句等。
[誤] How an interesting story he told us!
[正] What an interesting story he told us!
[析]What an interesting story！=How interesting a story！
[誤] I can’t remember the thing what he told me.
[正] I can’t remember what he told me.
[析]what引導賓語從句，相當於the thing that。
5 no matter+what/who...與whatever/whoever...的區別：前者只能引導讓步狀語從句，而後者既可引導讓步狀語從句，也可引導名詞性從句。
[誤] I will make friends with no matter who shares my interest.
[正] I will make friends with whoever shares my interest.
[析]引導名詞性從句時只能用whoever。
[誤] You must hand in no matter what you’ve found.
[正] You must hand in whatever you’ve found.
[析] 引導名詞性從句時只能用whatever。
6.whether和if的區別：兩者引導名詞性從句時都是從屬連詞，作"是否"講，本身不作成分，此時句子中往往出現表示"不肯定"意義的一些短語，如not sure/certain,not known/decided,...is still question,depend on等。
whether 和if 引導動詞後的賓語從句時可互換，但下列情況一般只能用whether:
[誤] If you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.
[正] Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.
[析]引導主語從句只能用whether。
7.while,when,as 引導時間狀語從句時的區別：
while只能表示"在一段時間或過程中"，即只能表示時間的"一段"，後面一般用進行時或表示狀態的結構；
when常與一般時態連用，用於表示一個動作與另一個動作在同一時間發生，或一個動作在另一動作所延續的時間範圍內發生。可以表示一段時間，也可表示時間的"一點"；
When it is wet the buses are crowded.
天下雨時公共汽車就很擁擠。
When she pressde the button the lift stopped.
她按了按鍵，電梯停住了。
as引導時間狀語從句時，表示兩個動作同時進行，作"一邊……一邊……"講。還可表示第二個動作發生在第一個動作結束之前。
[誤] I picked up some French words as I was having a holiday in Paris.
[正] I picked up some French words while I was having a holiday in Paris.
[析]while強調在……過程中；as說明兩個動作同時進行。
[誤] We were having classes while someone knocked at the door.
[正] We were having classes when someone knocked at the door.
[析]when可表示時間的"一點"，而while不能。
8.because,as,since(now that）引導原因狀語從句時的區別：
because引導原因狀語從句時，表示直接的原因，可以回答why的提問；as只能是一種"附加的"理由，不能回答why的提問；since(now that）多表示雙方都已很清楚的事實，作"既然"講。
[誤] Because we’ve finished most of the work,let’s have a rest.
[正] Since(Now that) we’ve finished most of the work,let’s have a rest.
[析]表示大家都清楚的理由用since(now that）。
9.however和as 引導讓步狀語從句時的區別：
however引導讓步狀語從句時，相當於no matter how，後面跟形容詞或副詞；as引導讓步狀語從句時，用倒裝語序，即把作狀語的副詞或作表語的形容詞或名詞提前，而且如果作表語的是單數名詞，前面不加冠詞，也可以把謂語動詞部分的實義動詞提前。
[誤] As hard he works,he can’t catch up with his classmates.
[正] However hard he works,he can’t catch up with his classmates.
[析]見上述說明。
[誤] A model worker he is,he remains modest.
[正] Model worker as he is,he remains modest.
[析]as 引導讓步狀語從句，前面的單數名詞前不加冠詞。
典例調研
[例1] You must put things there you can find them.
there→where。此處應由where引導地點狀語從句。
[例2] I remember the time as my grandmother was telling stories to me.
as→when。when引導定語從句，表示"……的時候"。
[例3] A child as he was,he looked quite calm in that difficult situation.
去掉A，child的首字母大寫。as引導讓步狀語從句時，前面作表語的單數名詞前不加冠詞。
[例4] Don’t make friends with such people that you think are dishonest.
that→as。such...as...搭配在一起用，as引導定語從句。
[例5] He had been admitted by Beijing University made us very happy.
句首加That，把He改為he。that引導名詞性從句，本身無實際意義，也不作成分，但不能省略。
10. 兩個並列連詞不能連用，但therefore,then,yet.可以和並列連詞連用。
You can watch TV,and or you can go to bed.
He hurt his leg,and so / and therefore he couldn't play in the game.
11. although… yet…，但although不與 but 連用。
（錯）Although he was weak,but he tried his best to do the work..
（對）Although he was weak,yet he tried his best to do the work.
指導借鑑
強化闖關
1. Anyone leaves the room last should remember to lock the door.
2. He is willing to help no matter who is in trouble.
3. Who breaks the law should be punished.
4. The place he has gone is not known yet.
5. I will buy the dictionary as it is expensive.
6. He said that he would do all what he could to help us.
7. The thing what he had done surprised everybody.
8. As everybody is here,let’s begin our discussion.
9. We will finish the work on time,however difficulties we meet.
答案及解析：
1. Anyone→Whoever或Anyone who。whoever可以直接用來引導名詞性從句，相當於anyone who。
2. no matter who→whoever。引導賓語從句套用whoever。
3. Who→Whoever。who和whoever都可引導名詞性從句，但whoever泛指任何人，具有強調語氣，who往往指一定的對象。
4. The place→Where。where可以直接用來引導主語從句。
5. as→although。此處讓步狀語從句是正常語序，因此套用although。
6. what→that或去掉what。what不能引導定語從句。
7. 去掉The thing，把what的首字母大寫。what可以直接引導主語從句。
8. As→Since。since引導原因狀語從句，表示大家都清楚的原因。
9. however→whatever。however引導讓步狀語從句時相當於no matter how，後面跟形容詞或副詞；whatever引導讓步狀語從句時，相當於no matter what，後面跟名詞。
so和such
其規律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數量的形容詞many，few，much， little連用，形成固定搭配。
so + adj. such + a(n) + n.
so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. [不可數] such +n. [不可數]
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many/ few flowers such nice flowers
so much/little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當於 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。
so…that與such…that之間的轉換既為 so與such之間的轉換。
