基本介紹
- 中文名:英語發音規則
- 外文名:rules of English pronunciation
- 內容:國際音標套用在英語中的一般歸納
- 可參考人群:可供外企、國際商務、導遊等
重讀音節
開閉音節讀音
- ①在開音節中/eɪ/name,plane,Jane,baby,cake
- ②在閉音節中
1一般讀作/æ/bag,dad,hat,map,black,back
2後面字為st,ss,th時讀/ɑ:/
- ①在開音節中/i:/he,these,me,Chinese
- ②在閉音節中/e/bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg
- ①在開音節中/aɪ/bike,drive,time,nice,kite
- ②在閉音節中/ɪ/fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim
- ①在開音節中/əʊ/those,close,go,hoe,home,no
- ②在閉音節中/ɒ/clock,not,box,shop,sock
- ①在開音節中
1./ju:/student,excuse,duty,Tuesday
2.元音字母u在輔音字母j、l、r或字母組合ch、sh、tr、dr後面時(輔音字母發音為[ʃ]、[ʒ]、[tʃ]、[dʒ]、[l]、[r]、[tr]、[dr]),讀/u:/,例如:June,blue,ruler,true。 - ②在閉音節中/ʌ/bus,cup,jump,much,lunch
特殊讀音
- ①在/w/音後面/ɒ/want,what,watch,wash,quality
- ②在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th,lm前/α:/after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father
- 在-nd,-ld和gh前/aɪ/find,child,light,high
- ①在-st,-ld前/əʊ/most,postcard,old,cold
- ②在m,n,v,th前/ʌ/come,monkey,love,mother
r音節
- ①/α:/car,farm,dark,sharpener
- ②在/w/音後面/ɔ:/warm,quarter,towards
- ①/ɔ:/forty morning short
- ②/ɜ:/word worker worse
- /ɜ:/certainly bird Thursday
re音節
- /eə/care,dare,hare
- /ɪə/here,mere
- /aɪə/fire,hire,wire
- /ɔ:/more,score,before
- /jʊə/pure,cure
- /ə/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre
- ①are,ere,ire,ore很少出現在非重讀音節中,ure在非重讀音節中讀/ə/音,例如:picture,pleasure。
- ②重讀元音字母加r,再加非重讀元字組時,重讀元音字母應按-re音節拼讀規則拼讀,字母r讀/r/音。例如:parent,zero,story,during,inspiring。
- ③另外,某些常用詞及多音節詞經常出現長音短化現象。例如:orange,very,American,paragraph。
元音字組
- /eɪ/afraid,rain,wait,day,play
- /eə/air,hair,chair,pair,repair
- ①在l,k前/ɔ:/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,
- ②/ɔ:l/always,also,salt,almost
- ③在f,m前/α:/half,calm
- /ɔ:/autumn,daughter,draw
- ①/i:/teach,easy,cheap,please
- ②/e/heavy,bread,sweater,weather
- ③/eɪ/break,great
- ①/ɪə/hear,dear,near,clear,year
- ②/eə/bear,pear,wear,swear
- ③/ɜ:/earth,learn,early
- /i:/jeep,week,green,three
- /ɪə/pioneer,deer,beer
- ①/eɪ/eight,neighbour,they
- ②/i:/seize,key
- ①在j,l,r,s後/u:/ flew,brew,jewelry,jewel
- ②/ju:/ new,few,newspaper
- /s/音之後/i:/piece,field,receive
- /əʊ/coat,Joan,boat,goal
- /ɔ:/roar,board,door,floor
- /ɔɪ/noise,point,boy,toilet
- /u:/broom,food,tooth,school,zoo
- /ʊ/book,look,cook,foot,good, football
- ①/aʊ/flower,house,count,down
- ②/əʊ/know,row,throw,though
- ③/ʌ/young,country,enough
- ④/u:/group,soup
- ①/ɔ:/ course,your,four
- ②/aʊə/our,hour,sour
- ③/ɜ:/journey
- /ʊ/would,should,could(主要是情態動詞、助動詞)
- ①在j,l,r,s後/u:ɪ/fluid,suicide,tuition
- ②/u:/juice,fruit,suit
非重讀音節
元音字母
- /ə/China,another,woman,breakfast
- 動詞中的a如果處在開音節位置,作動詞後綴音,a讀/eɪ/音,例如:operate,a處在開音節位置,
- /ə/hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children
- ①/ə/holiday,beautiful,family,animal
- ②/aɪ/exercise,satellite
- ①/ə/second,tonight,somebody,welcome
- ②/əʊ/also,zero,photo
- ①/ə/autumn,difficult
- ②/ju:/popular,congratulation,January
- ③在輔音字母j,l,r,s後面時,讀/ʊ/或/u:/音,例如:July,influence,February,issue。
- 在非重讀音節中,許多單詞中的元音字母a,e,i既可以讀/ə/的音,也可以讀/ɪ/的音。
元音字組
- /ɪ/foreign,monkey
- /əʊ/yellow,sparrow,tomorrow
- 註:元音字組在非重讀音節中通常讀/ə/音或/ɪ/音。例如:serious,famous,biscuit,coffee,neighbour
- ①/ʃən/impression,nation
- ②在元音字母后/ʒən/vision,decision,occasion
- ③在s後/tʃən/question,suggestion
- /aɪl/aisle, Carlisle
- /sən/listen
- /sl/whistle
- /ʒə/pleasure,measure
- /tʃə/picture,culture
複合詞
- 複合詞中的第二部分不標註重音符號,但其中的元音字母或元音字組仍按重讀音節拼讀規則拼讀。例如:everyday/eɪ/,handbag/æ/,blackboard/ɔ:/。有些詞隨著語言的發展,前後兩部分已失去其單獨存在的意義,融合成為一個詞。其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節的讀音規則發音。例如:holy(神聖)+day/eɪ/(日子)=holiday/ɪ/(假日):break(中斷)+fast/α:/(齋戒)=breakfast/ə/(早餐);cup(茶杯)+board/ɔ:/(木板)=cupboard/ə/(碗櫃)。
輔字組讀音
- ①/b/ bike,bus,bag
- ②/不發/bomb,tomb
- ①在e前或在i,y前/s/face,decide,cinema,bicycle
- ②其他情況/k/cake,picture,coat,music
- ③/tʃ/cello、concerto
- ①/tʃ/much,chick,rich,teacher
- ②/k/school,headache,chemistry(主要為希臘外來詞)
- ③/ʃ/machine,moustache(主要是法語外來詞)
- [tʃ] Czech
- /d/doctor,bread,hand,day
- /dʒ/bridge,fridge
- /dr/children,driver,drink
- /dz/hands(主要用於可數名詞複數)
- /f/five,four,breakfast
- /v/of
- ①/g/bag,garden,go
- ②在e,i,y之前一般讀作/dʒ/,少數例外,orange,large,German,apology,giant
- ③e,i,y之前少數情況下讀/ʒ/genre,massage
- ①/f/cough,enough
- ②/不發/light,daughter,high
- ①/g/guess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重讀音節中)
- ②/gw/language,anguish
- ①/h/hot,head,house,hand
- ②/不發/hour,honest
- ①/dʒ/jeep,jar,joke,join,June
- ②/ʒ/Jacques(用於法國人名)
- ③/h/Juanita(用於西班牙人名)
- /k/kind,bike,skate,make,week
- /n/knife,know,knock
- ①/l/life,lead,lot(出現在元音前面)
- ②/ɫ/milk,school,tall[出現在元音後面。可以出現在輔音前,也可出現在輔音後(詞尾)]
- /m/monkey,come
- /m/autumn,column,solemn
- ①/n/not,shine,ten,note
- ②在/k/、/g/音前/ŋ/uncle,thank,hungry
- /ŋ/morning,young,wrong
- /p/paper,plane,pig,ship,pen
- /f/elephant,photo,telephone,graph
- /k/Iraq
- /kw/quality,quite
- /r/red,rubber,ruler
- /ʒ/ Zabrze(扎布熱)
- ①在詞首、清輔音前/s/sit,sleep,desk
- ②元音字母間或濁輔音前/z/music,husband
- ③sure結構或s+i/e+元音字母時讀作/ʃ/或/ʒ/。/ʃ/:ensure,Asian。/ʒ/:pleasure,conclusion。
- ①/sk/scarlet
- ②/s/在i,e和y之前scenery,science
- /ʃ/schedule/英′ʃedju:l,美′skedʒul/
- /ʃ/she,fish,shirt,wash
- ①/t/ten,letter,meet
- ②在弱讀字母ia,ie,io前/ʃ/patient,nation
- /tʃ/watch
- ①/θ/thin,thirty,method
- ②/ð/the,these,with,than,clothe,father,weather(在冠詞、代詞、介詞、連詞中,以及在詞尾-the,-ther中
- /tr/tree,train,country,truck
- /ts/Tsingtao(青島),Tientsin(天津),pants(主要用於可數名詞複數)
- quartz,Hertz/英hə:z,美hə:rts/(用於德國人名)
- /v/very,voice,love,leave
- ①/w/week,win,wake,sweet,wait
- ②/不發/answer,two,sword
- ①/w/what,when,white,why
- ②在字母o前/h/who,whose,whole
- /r/write
- ①在重讀元音後/ks/box,text,exercise
- ②ex+重音元音讀/gz/,example,exist,exact
- ③/z/xylophone
- /j/yes,yard,yellow,young
- ①/z/puzzle,zero,zoo
- ②/ʒ/azure
- ③/ts/pizza Nazi(義大利、德國外來詞)
- /ʒ/ zhoosh