基本介紹
- 中文名:基本物理常量
- 外文名:fundamental constants of physics
- 引申:具有普適性的一些常量
- 所屬學科:物理學
作用
基本物理常量
量 | 符號 | 數值 | 單位 | 不確定度 ppm |
光速 | c | 299,792,458 | m/s | (精確) |
μ0 | 4π × 10^-7 | N·A | (精確) | |
真空介電常量,1/μ0 c | ε0 | 8.854 187 817… | 10^-12 F/m | (精確) |
牛頓引力常量 | G | 6.672 59(85) | 10^(-11) m kg·s | 128 |
普朗克常量 | h | 6.626 075 5(40) | 10^(-34)J·s | 0.60 |
基本電荷 | e | 1.602 177 33(49) | 10^(-19)C | 0.30 |
電子質量 | me | 9.10 938 97(54) | 10^(-31)kg | 0.59 |
電子荷質比 | -e/ me | -1.758 819 62(53) | 10^11C / kg | 0.30 |
質子質量 | mp | 1.672 623 1(10) | 10^(-27) kg | 0.59 |
里德伯常量 | R∞ | 10 973 731.534(13) | 10^7 m^-1 | 0.0012 |
精細結構常數 | a | 7.297 353 08(33) | 10 | 0.045 |
阿伏伽德羅常量 | NA,L | 6.022 136 7(36) | 10^23 mol | 0.59 |
氣體常量 | R | 8.314 510(70) | J mol K | 8.4 |
玻耳茲曼常量 | k | 1.380 658(12) | 10^-23 J/K | 8.4 |
摩爾體積(理想氣體)T=273.15K;p=101325Pa | Vm | 22.414 10(29) | L/mol | 8.4 |
圓周率 | 3.141 592 65 | |||
自然對數底 | e | 2.718 281 83 | ||
對數變換因子 | loge10 | 2.302 585 09 |
物 質 | 密 度 ρ(kg / m^300) | 物 質 | 密 度 ρ(kg / m^3) | |
鋁 | 2698.9 | 窗玻璃 | 2400~2700 | |
銅 | 8960 | 冰(0℃) | 800~920 | |
鐵 | 7874 | 石蠟 | 792 | |
銀 | 10500 | 有機玻璃 | 1200~1500 | |
金 | 19320 | 甲醇 | 792 | |
鎢 | 19300 | 乙醇 | 789.4 | |
鉑 | 21450 | 乙醚 | 714 | |
鉛 | 11350 | 汽油 | 710~720 | |
錫 | 7298 | 弗利昂-12 | 1329 | |
水銀 | 13546.2 | 變壓器油 | 840~890 | |
鋼 | 7600~7900 | 甘油 | 1260 | |
石英 | 2500~2800 | 食鹽 | 2140 | |
水晶玻璃 | 2900~3000 |
溫度t(℃) | 密度 ρ(kg / m^3) | 溫度t (℃) | 密度 ρ(kg / m^3) | 溫度t(℃) | 密度 ρ(kg / m^3) |
0 | 999.841 | 17.0 | 998.774 | 34.0 | 994.371 |
1.0 | 999.900 | 18.0 | 998.595 | 35.0 | 994.031 |
2.0 | 999.941 | 19.0 | 998.405 | 36.0 | 993.68 |
3.0 | 999.965 | 20.0 | 998.203 | 37.0 | 993.33 |
4.0 | 999.973 | 21.0 | 997.992 | 38.0 | 992.96 |
5.0 | 999.965 | 22.0 | 997.770 | 39.0 | 992.59 |
6.0 | 999.941 | 23.0 | 997.538 | 40.0 | 992.21 |
7.0 | 999.902 | 24.0 | 997.296 | 41.0 | 991.83 |
8.0 | 999.849 | 25.0 | 997.044 | 42.0 | 991.44 |
9.0 | 999.781 | 26.0 | 996.783 | ||
10.0 | 999.700 | 27.0 | 996.512 | 50.0 | 998.04 |
11.0 | 999.605 | 28.0 | 996.232 | 60.0 | 983.21 |
12.0 | 999.498 | 29.0 | 995.944 | 70.0 | 977.78 |
13.0 | 999.377 | 30.0 | 995.646 | 80.0 | 975.31 |
14.0 | 999.244 | 31.0 | 995.340 | 90.0 | 965.31 |
15.0 | 999.099 | 32.0 | 995.025 | 100.0 | 958.35 |
16.0 | 999.943 | 33.0 | 994.702 |
緯度 φ(度) | g (m / s^2) | 緯度 φ(度) | g (m / s^2) | |
0 | 9.7849 | 50 | 9.81079 | |
5 | 9.78088 | 55 | 9.81515 | |
10 | 9.78204 | 60 | 9.81924 | |
15 | 9.78394 | 65 | 9.82249 | |
20 | 9.78652 | 70 | 9.82614 | |
25 | 9.78969 | 75 | 9.82873 | |
30 | 9.79338 | 80 | 9.83065 | |
35 | 9.79740 | 85 | 9.83182 | |
40 | 9.80818 | 90 | 9.83221 |
金 屬 名 稱 | 楊氏模量Ε | |
(Gpa) | ( 10kg/mm) | |
鋁 | 69~70 | 70~71 |
鎢 | 407 | 415 |
鐵 | 186~206 | 190~210 |
銅 | 103~127 | 105~130 |
金 | 77 | 79 |
銀 | 69~80 | 70~82 |
鋅 | 78 | 80 |
鎳 | 203 | 205 |
鉻 | 235~245 | 240~250 |
合金鋼 | 206~216 | 210~220 |
碳鋼 | 169~206 | 200~210 |
康鋼 | 160 | 163 |
溫度 ℃ | 0.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 |
-10.0 | 260.8 | 238.6 | 218.1 | 199.3 | 182.0 | 166.0 | 151.4 | 138.0 | 125.6 | 114.2 |
(1.956) | (1.790) | (1.636) | (1.495) | (1.365) | (1.246) | (1.136) | (1.035) | (0.942) | (0.857) | |
-0.0 | 610.7 | 562.6 | 517.8 | 476.4 | 438.0 | 402.4 | 369.4 | 338.9 | 310.8 | 284.8 |
(4.581) | (4.220) | (3.884) | (3.573) | (3.285) | (3.018) | (3.771) | (2.542) | (2.331) | (2.136) | |
0.0 | 610.7 | 656.6 | 705.5 | 757.7 | 813.1 | 872.2 | 934.8 | 1061.6 | 1072.6 | 1147.8 |
(4.581) | (4.925) | (5.292) | (5.683) | (6.099) | (6.542) | (7.012) | (7.513) | (8.045) | (8.609) | |
10.0 | 1227.8 | 1312.04 | 1402.3 | 1497.3 | 1598.3 | 1704.9 | 1817.8 | 1937.3 | 2063.6 | 2196.9 |
(9.209) | (9.844) | (10.518) | (11.231) | (11.988) | (12.788) | (13.635) | (14.531) | (15.478) | (16.478) | |
20.0 | 2337.8 | 2486.6 | 2643.5 | 2809.1 | 2983.6 | 3167.6 | 3361.6 | 3565.3 | 3779.9 | 4005.8 |
(17.535) | (18.651) | (19.828) | (21.070) | (22.379) | (23.759) | (25.212) | (26.742) | (28.352) | (30.046) | |
30.0 | 4243.2 | 4493.0 | 4755.3 | 5030.9 | 5380.1 | 5623.6 | 5942.2 | 6276.1 | 6626.1 | 6993.1 |
(31.827) | (33.700) | (35.668) | (37.735) | (39.904) | (42.181) | (44.570) | (47.075) | (49.701) | (52.453) | |
40.0 | 7377.4 | 7778.7 | 8201.0 | 8641.8 | 9102.8 | 10087 | 10615 | 10615 | 11165 | 11739 |
(55.335) | (58.354) | (61.513) | (64.819) | (64.819) | (68.277) | (71.892) | (79.619) | (83.744) | (88.050) |
溫度(℃) | η(10Pa.s) |
0 | 5300 |
5 | 3760 |
10 | 2420 |
15 | 1514 |
20 | 986 |
25 | 621 |
30 | 451 |
35 | 312 |
40 | 231 |
100 | 169 |
溫度 ℃ | 10N·m | 溫度 ℃ | 10N·m | 溫度 ℃ | 10N·m | ||
0 | 75.62 | 16 | 73.34 | 30 | 71.15 | ||
5 | 74.90 | 17 | 73.20 | 40 | 69.55 | ||
6 | 74.76 | 18 | 73.05 | 50 | 67.90 | ||
8 | 74.48 | 19 | 72.89 | 60 | 66.17 | ||
10 | 74.20 | 20 | 72.75 | 70 | 64.41 | ||
11 | 74.07 | 21 | 72.60 | 80 | 62.60 | ||
12 | 73.92 | 22 | 72.44 | 90 | 60.74 | ||
13 | 73.78 | 23 | 72.28 | 100 | 58.84 | ||
14 | 73.64 | 24 | 72.12 | ||||
15 | 73.48 | 25 | 71.96 |
溫度(℃) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
60 | 366.05 | 366.60 | 367.14 | 367.69 | 368.24 | 368.78 | 369.33 | 369.87 | 370.42 | 370.42 |
50 | 360.51 | 361.07 | 361.62 | 362.18 | 362.74 | 363.29 | 363.84 | 364.39 | 364.95 | 364.95 |
40 | 354.89 | 355.46 | 356.02 | 356.58 | 357.15 | 357.71 | 358.27 | 358.83 | 359.39 | 359.95 |
30 | 349.18 | 349.75 | 350.33 | 350.90 | 351.47 | 352.04 | 352.62 | 353.19 | 353.75 | 354.32 |
20 | 343.37 | 343.95 | 344.54 | 345.12 | 345.70 | 346.29 | 346.87 | 347.74 | 348.02 | 348.60 |
10 | 337.46 | 338.06 | 338.65 | 339.25 | 339.94 | 340.43 | 341.02 | 341.61 | 342.20 | 342.78 |
0 | 331.45 | 332.06 | 332.66 | 333.27 | 333.87 | 334.47 | 335.57 | 335.67 | 336.27 | 332.87 |
-10 | 325.33 | 324.71 | 324.09 | 323.47 | 322.84 | 322.22 | 321.60 | 320.97 | 320.34 | 319.72 |
-20 | 319.09 | 318.45 | 317.82 | 317.19 | 316.55 | 315.92 | 315.28 | 314.64 | 314.00 | 313.36 |
-30 | 312.72 | 311.43 | 311.43 | 310.78 | 310.14 | 309.49 | 308.84 | 308.19 | 307.53 | 306.88 |
-40 | 306.22 | 304.91 | 304.91 | 304.25 | 303.58 | 302.92 | 302.26 | 301.59 | 300.92 | 300.25 |
-50 | 299.58 | 298.91 | 298.24 | 297.65 | 296.89 | 296.21 | 295.53 | 294.85 | 294.16 | 293.48 |
-60 | 292.79 | 292.11 | 291.42 | 290.73 | 290.03 | 289.34 | 288.64 | 287.95 | 287.25 | 286.55 |
-70 | 285.54 | 285.14 | 284.43 | 283.73 | 283.02 | 282.30 | 281.59 | 280.88 | 280.16 | 279.44 |
-80 | 278.72 | 278.00 | 277.27 | 276.55 | 275.82 | 275.09 | 274.36 | 273.62 | 272.89 | 272.15 |
-90 | 271.41 | 270.67 | 269.92 | 269.18 | 268.43 | 267.68 | 266.93 | 266.17 | 265.42 | 264.66 |
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