civil

[A]公民的,平民的; 文職的; 塵俗的,凡俗的; 國內〔家〕的,民間的 of, belonging to, or consisting of the ordinary population of citizens; not military or religious

[A]民事的,民法的 belonging to, or judged under, civil law

文明的,有教養的; 客氣的,有禮貌的 polite enough to be acceptable

基本介紹

• 中文名：公民的；文明的；國內的；民用的；民事的；【建】土木的
• 外文名：civil
• 英式音標：'sɪvl
• 美式音標：'sɪvl
• 詞性：形容詞

詳細釋義

adj.(形容詞)

1. 公民的，市民的，國民的，國民間的
2. 文明的，開化的
3. 客氣的，有禮貌的
4. 國內的，國家的，政府的
5. 民用的，民間的，一般平民的，世俗的
6. 文職的
7. 【律】民事的，法定的

英英釋義

Adjective:

1. applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military;
   "civil authorities"
2. not rude; marked by satisfactory (or especially minimal) adherence to social usages and sufficient but not noteworthy consideration for others;
   "even if he didn't like them he should have been civil"
3. of or occurring within the state or between or among citizens of the state;
   "civil affairs"
   "civil strife"
   "civil disobedience"
   "civil branches of government"
4. of or relating to or befitting citizens as individuals;
   "civil rights"
   "civil liberty"
   "civic duties"
   "civic pride"
5. (of divisions of time) legally recognized in ordinary affairs of life;
   "the civil calendar"
   "a civil day begins at mean midnight"
6. of or in a condition of social order;
   "civil peoples"

雙語例句

用作定語～+ n.

1. Voting is the exercise of acivilright.
   投票是行使一項公民權利。
2. We were married in acivilceremony, not in church.
   我們結婚採用了非宗教儀式,沒有去教堂舉行婚禮。
3. It was acivilcase.
   這是一起民事案件。
4. A civil war is one between people of the same country.
   內戰是同一國家內的戰爭。
5. Man is acivilcreature.
   人是文明的動物。
6. He said acivilgood morning.
   他彬彬有禮地說了聲早安。
7. The law shall strictly protect civil rights.
   法律應嚴格保護公民的權利。
8. The presence of the army should act as a check on civil unrest.
   軍隊的存在應能制止民間的動亂。
9. The America Civil War broke out during the presidency of Lincoln.
   在林肯就職其間,美國爆發了內戰。
10. I am working on a master's degree incivilarchitecture.
    我在攻讀民用建築專業的碩士學位。
11. It was a civil case so there was no question of him being sent to prison.
    這是一樁民事案件，因此他沒有被送進監獄的可能。

用作表語S+be+～

1. He was not at allcivil.
   他一點禮貌也沒有。
2. The rude sea grewcivilat her song.
   波濤洶湧的大海在她的歌聲下也變得溫順了。

S+be+～+ prep .-phrase

1. The courteous boy wascivilto everybody.
   這個謙恭的男孩對每一個人都很有禮貌。

It is/was+～+of sb+to- v

1. It wascivilof them to do so.
   他們這樣做是通情達理的。

辭彙搭配

用作形容詞 (adj.)

～+名詞

• civil action民事訴訟
• civil affairs民政事務
• civil answer有禮貌的回答
• civil duties公民義務
• civil life公民生活
• civil servants文職人員,公務員
• civil service文官(總稱)
• civil society文明社會
• civil war內戰

～+動詞不定式

• civil to offer the help有禮貌的提供幫助

～+介詞

• civil to strangers對陌生人有禮貌

詞語用法

1. civil的基本含意是“公民的,平民的”,也可作“非軍職的,非宗教的; 國民間的,民用的; 民事的,民法的”解,常用作定語,無比較級和最高級形式。
2. civil還可作“文明的,有教養的”解,常與介詞of或to連用,可用於比較等級。

習慣用語

• keep a civil tongue in your head.

used totellsomeone tostopbeingrude

別粗魯！要講禮貌！

• not have a civil word to say about s.b.
  to not beabletothinkof anything good to say about someone.
  說不出（某人）甚麼好話；對（某人）沒有任何好感。

詞義辨析

• civil, courteous, polite
• 這組詞的共同意思是“有禮貌的”。其區別在於：
  1.polite指教養良好而舉止談吐彬彬有禮。
  2.civil指僅僅滿足社會交往的一般要求,有時僅指不粗野。例如:
  Be civil in your speech.講話要客氣。
  He was very civil to us when we went to see him.我們去見他的時候,他待我們非常客氣。
  3.courteous則指考慮更為周到,舉止更為高雅。例如:
  She was pleased at the courteous way in which he addressed her.他跟她講話時的那種謙恭的樣子令她十分愉快。
  It was courteous of him to give his seat to my mother.他把座位讓給我母親真有禮貌。
• polite civil courteous
• 這些形容詞均含“禮貌的、客氣的”之意。
• polite:polite普通常用詞，指言論舉止無論何時均嚴謹有禮，很有教養。
• civil:civil語氣弱於polite，著重只達到社交的一般要求，避免粗魯。
• courteous:courteous指言談舉止典雅，謙恭有禮，更側重考慮他人的感情與尊嚴。

詞源解說

14世紀晚期期進入英語，直接源自古典拉丁語的civilis，意為和公民有關的，有利於眾民的。

經典引文

• To exercise civil dominion of their own.
  出自：R. Hooker
• The instruction of heathen children in..civil knowledge.
  出自：Horace Walpole
• Compelled by civil troubles to go into banishment.
  出自：Ld Macaulay