GMDSS是《1974年國際海上人命安全公約》(1988年修正案)規定的全球水上移動無線電通信系統，是IMO為了最大限度地保障海上人命與財產安全，進一步完善常規海上通信手段，利用現代化的通信技術改善海上遇險與安全通信，建立新的搜救通信網路而開發的綜合系統。其目標是：使岸上的搜救當局和在遇險事件發生地區附近航行的船舶能迅速得到遇險船舶的遇險報警，以便迅速協調行動進行救助。系統還應包括提供各種緊急和安全通信手段，以及向船舶播發航行和氣象警告。
基本介紹
- 書名：GMDSS Services
- 出版社：武漢理工大學出版社
- 頁數：223頁
- 開本：16
- 品牌：武漢理工大學出版社
- 作者：HuWeidong
- 出版日期：2004年1月1日
- 語種：英語
- ISBN：7562920281
圖書目錄,文摘,序言,
圖書目錄
Chapter 1 GMDSS Introduction
1.1 General
1.1 1 History of Radio at Sea
1.1 2 Implementation of New System——The GMDSS
1.1 3 Basic Concept of the GMDSS
1.1 4 Navigational Sea Areas( GMDSS areas)
1.1 5 Operational Details
1.1 6 Basic Equipment( minimum requirements including duplication of equipment) for Convention Ships
1.2 Sub-systems
1.2.1 The Digital Selective Calling(DSC) Terrestrial Calling System
1.2.2 The Satellite Communication System
1.2.3 The Maritime Safety Information (MSI) System
1.2.4 The Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon(EPIRB) System
1.2.5 The Search and Rescue Transponder( SART) System
1. 3 GMDSS Functions
1.3.1 Transmission of Ship-to-shore Distress Alerts by at Least Two Separate
and Independent Means, Each Using a Different Radiocommunieation
Service
1.3.2 Reception of Shore-to-ship Distress Alerts
1.3.3 Transmission and Reception of Ship-to-ship Distress Alerts
1.3.4 Transmission and Reception of Search and Rescue Coordinating
Communications
1.3.5 Transmission and Reception of On-scene Communications
1.3.6 Transmission and Reception of Signals for Locating
1.3.7 Transmission and Reception of Maritime Safety Information(MSI)
1.3.8 Transmission and Reception of General Radiocommunications to and from Shore-based Radio Systems or Networks
1.3.9 Transmission and Reception of Bridge-to-bridge Communications
1.4 Radio Personnel Requirements
1.4.1 Operator'' s Certificates
1.4.2 Operator'' s Requirements
1.5 Means of Ensuring Availability of Ship Station Equipment
1.6 Summary Notes of GMDSS Equipment
1.7 Test of Radio Equipment
1.7.1 Daily Tests
1.7.2 Weekly Tests
1.7.3 Monthly Tests
1.8 Non-GMDSS Vessels and Radiocommunication Services
1.9 Continuing Changes to the GMDSS
Chapter 2 Distress,Urgency and Safety Services
2.1
GMDSS General Provisions
2.1.1 Distress Frequencies
2.1.2 Aeronautical Frequencies
2.1.3 GMDSS VHF Channel Usage
2.1.4 Satellite Service
2.1.5 Survival Craft Stations
2.1.6 Protection of Distress Frequencies
2.1.7 Transmitter Tests
2.1.8 GMDSS Watchkeeping Arrangements
2.1.9 Watchkeeping :Alert Calls
2.1.10 Dedicated DSC Watchkeeping Receiver
2.2 Distress Services
2.2.1 Distress & Safety Operational Procedures
2.2.2 Distress Alerting
2.2.3 Shore to Ship Distress Alert Relay
2.2.4 Distress Alert by a Station not Itseff in Distress
2.2.5 Acknowledgement of Receipt of Distress Alerts
2.2.6 Acknowledging Receipt of Distress Alerts by Coast Stations, LESs or RCCs
2.2.7 Acknowledging Receipt of Distress Alerts by Ship Stations or MESs
2.2.8 Preparations for Handling Distress Traffic
2.2.9 Distress Traffic
2.2.10 Imposing Silence
2.2.11 Resumption of Normal Working
2.2.12 On-scene Communications
2.2.13 Locating and Homing Signals
2.2.14 Search and Rescue Transponders(SARTs)
2.2.15 Charging for Distress Communication
2.2.16 Distress Communications by DSC
2.2.17 Satcom Distress Procedure
2.2.18 GMDSS Distress Alert Procedure
2.2.19 False Alerts
2.3 Urgency Services
2.3.1 Urgency Communications
2.3.2 Urgency Messages and DSC
2.4 Safety Services
2.4.1 Safety Communications
2.4.2 Intership Navigation Safety Communication
2.4.3 Safety Messages and DSC by Ship Station
2.4.4 Transmission of a DSC Announcement by Coast Stations
2.5 Special Conditions and Procedures for DSC Communication on HF by Ship Station
2.5.1 Distress
2.5.2 Urgency
2.5.3 Safety
2.5.4 Public Correspondence on HF
2.5.5 Testing the Equipment Used for Distress and Safety on HF
2.6 Special Conditions and Procedures for DSC Communication on HF by Coast Station
2.6.1 Distress
2.6.2 Urgency
2.6.3 Safety
2.6.4 Testing the Equipment Used for Distress and Safety
2.7 Search and Rescue Radar Transponder
2.7.1 Introduction
2.7.2 SART Signals at Close Range
2.7.3 Operational and Technical Characteristics
2.7.4 Operation of Marine Radar for SART Detection( Safety of Navigation Circular 197)
Chapter 3 Satellite System
3.1 Space Segment
3.2 Ground Segment
3.3 Ship Earth Stations
3.3.1 Inmarsat-A MES
3.3.2 Inmarsat-C MES
3.3.3 Inmarsat- B MES
3.3.4 The Inmarsat-M System
3.4 Inmarsat Services
3.4.1 Ship-to-shore Distress Alerting
3.4.2 Shore-to-ship Distress Alerting through the Inmarsat Safety NETTM System
3.4.3 Search and Rescue (SAR) Co-ordinating Communications
3.4.4 On-scene SAR Communications
3.4.5 L-band Satellite EPIRBs
3.5 2-digit Inmarsat Services Codes
3.6 Satellite Acquisition
3.7 Help-Line Service
3.8 Maripress News Service
3.9 Inmarsat Communication Procedures
3.9.1 Inmarsat-A Communication Services
3.9.2 Inmarsat-C Communication Services
3.9.3 Using Inmarsat in the Shore-to-ship Direction
3.9.4 Inmarsat Traffic Accounting and Billing Arrangements
3.10 Basic Concept of the System
3.11 Distress Beacons
3.11.1 121.5 MHz Beacons
3.11.2 Phase-Out of 121.5/243 MHz Satellite Alerting Services
3.11.3 406 MHz Beacons
3.11.4 406 MHz Beacon Registration
3.12 Cospas-sarsat Space Segment
3.12.1 LEOSAR Space Segment
3.12.2 GEOSAR Space Segment
3.12.3 Combined 406 MHz LEOSAR-GEOSAR System Concept
3.13 Local User Terminals(LUTs)
3.13.1 LEOSAR Local User Terminals(LEOLUTs)
3.13.2 GEOSAR Local User Terminals(GEOLUTs)
3.14 Mission Control Centres(MCCs)
Chapter 4 Terrestrial Communication Terminal
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 General
4.1.2 Long-range Service
4.1.3 Medium-range Service
4.1.4 Short-range Service
4.2 Digital Selective Calling(DSC)
4.2.1 Basic Description of DSC
4.2.2 Use of Frequencies
4.2.3 Method of Calling
4.2.4 Acknowledgement of Calls
4.2.5 DSC Routine Calls
4.2.6 DSC Testing
4.2.7 Public Correspondence by Ship Stations
4.2.8 Public Correspondence by Coast Stations
4.3 Narrow Band Direct Printing(NBDP)
4.3.1 General Provisions
4.3.2 Telex Frequencies
4.3.3 Operation Procedures in NBDP
4.4 Maritime Mobile Radio Telephony(RT)
4.4.1 Use of Frequencies
4.4.2 General Procedure for RT
4.4.3 Transmission of Radiotelegram by RT
4.4.4 Some Other RT Services
4.4.5 The Management of VHF
Chapter 5 Maritime Safety Information( MSI) Under the GMDSS
5.1 General Introduction
5.1.1 General
5.1.2 Two Independent Systems for Broadcasting MSI
5.1.3 Scheduled and Unscheduled MSI Broadcasts
5.1.4 Language Used for MSI Broadcasts
5.1.5 NAVAREAs/METAREAs
5.1.6 Solas Requirements for Receiving MSI Broadcasts
5.2 The Inmarsat Enhanced Group Call (EGC) Services
5.2.1 Introduotion
5.2.2 General Features of the EGC System
5.3 SafetyNET
5.3.1 The SafetyNET Concept
5.3.2 MSI Broadcast over the SafetyNET Service
5.3 3 Availability of MSI in Different Areas
5.3.4 Requirements for Receiving SafetyNET MSI Btroadcasts
5.3.5 Repeat Broadcasts of MSI It!formation
5.3.6 Typical MSI Broadcasts
5.3.7 EGC Receiver Types
5.3.8 EGC Receiver Management
5.4 NAVTEX
5.4.1 Introduction
5.4.2 Message Priorities
5.4.3 The Transmitter Identification Character( B1 )
5.4.4 Subject Indicator Characters(B2)
5.4.5 Message Numbering( B3, B4)
5.4.6 Allocation of transmission times
5.4.7 Navtex Receiver Check-off List
Chapter 6 Special Services
6.1 Radio Time Signals
6.1.1 Introduction
6.1.2 English System
6.1.3 British Broadcasting Corporation System
6.1.4 Old International System
6, 1.5 New International System
6.1.6 United States System
6.1.7 Stations Transmitting Radio Time Signals in China
6.2 Ice Report
6.2.1 The Baltic sea Ice Code
6.2.2 International Ice Patrol
6.2.3 Canada: Ice Information, Routing and Requests for Icebreaker Assistance
6.2.4 Ice Report of China
6.3 Medical Advice by Radio
6.3.1 General Information
6.3.2 Contents of Medical Text
6.3.3 Medical Advice for Ships at Sea in China
6.4 Ship Reporting Systems
6.4.1 Australian Ship Reporting System(AUSREP)
6.4.2 The AMVER Organization
6.4.3 Japanese Ship Reporting System(JASREP)
Chapter 7 Distress, Search and Rescue
7.1 System Organization
7.1.1 Global SAR System Organization
7.1.2 National and Regional SAR System Organization
7.2 System Components
7.2.1 SAR Resources
7.2.2 SAR Information
7.2.3 SAR Co-ordination
7.2.4 Search and Rescue Regions
Chapter 8 Automatic Identification System (AIS)
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Who Is Demanding AlS and Who could Derive Advantage from AlS
8.2.1 Pilots, Barge Captains, Ferries etc.
8.2.2 VTS
8.2.3 Marine Search and Rescue(SAR)
8.2.4 Fishing Boats and Pleasure Crafts
8.2.5 Shore Based Pilotage-heading
8.2.6 Radar
8.2.7 Anti Collision
8.2.8 Path Prediction
8.2.9 Route Planning
8.2.10 Short Message Communications
8.2.11 Display Presentation
8.2.12 High Update Rate
8.3 International Standardization for AIS
8.4 National AIS-efforts
Appendix
Appendix 1 Glossary
Appendix 2 List of Coast Stations
Appendix 3 NAVTEX, List of Coast Stations
Appendix 4 COSPAS-SARSAT
Appendix 5 GMDSS Radio Log
Appendix 6 Phonetic Alphabet and Figure Code
Bibliography
1.1 General
1.1 1 History of Radio at Sea
1.1 2 Implementation of New System——The GMDSS
1.1 3 Basic Concept of the GMDSS
1.1 4 Navigational Sea Areas( GMDSS areas)
1.1 5 Operational Details
1.1 6 Basic Equipment( minimum requirements including duplication of equipment) for Convention Ships
1.2 Sub-systems
1.2.1 The Digital Selective Calling(DSC) Terrestrial Calling System
1.2.2 The Satellite Communication System
1.2.3 The Maritime Safety Information (MSI) System
1.2.4 The Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon(EPIRB) System
1.2.5 The Search and Rescue Transponder( SART) System
1. 3 GMDSS Functions
1.3.1 Transmission of Ship-to-shore Distress Alerts by at Least Two Separate
and Independent Means, Each Using a Different Radiocommunieation
Service
1.3.2 Reception of Shore-to-ship Distress Alerts
1.3.3 Transmission and Reception of Ship-to-ship Distress Alerts
1.3.4 Transmission and Reception of Search and Rescue Coordinating
Communications
1.3.5 Transmission and Reception of On-scene Communications
1.3.6 Transmission and Reception of Signals for Locating
1.3.7 Transmission and Reception of Maritime Safety Information(MSI)
1.3.8 Transmission and Reception of General Radiocommunications to and from Shore-based Radio Systems or Networks
1.3.9 Transmission and Reception of Bridge-to-bridge Communications
1.4 Radio Personnel Requirements
1.4.1 Operator'' s Certificates
1.4.2 Operator'' s Requirements
1.5 Means of Ensuring Availability of Ship Station Equipment
1.6 Summary Notes of GMDSS Equipment
1.7 Test of Radio Equipment
1.7.1 Daily Tests
1.7.2 Weekly Tests
1.7.3 Monthly Tests
1.8 Non-GMDSS Vessels and Radiocommunication Services
1.9 Continuing Changes to the GMDSS
Chapter 2 Distress,Urgency and Safety Services
2.1
GMDSS General Provisions
2.1.1 Distress Frequencies
2.1.2 Aeronautical Frequencies
2.1.3 GMDSS VHF Channel Usage
2.1.4 Satellite Service
2.1.5 Survival Craft Stations
2.1.6 Protection of Distress Frequencies
2.1.7 Transmitter Tests
2.1.8 GMDSS Watchkeeping Arrangements
2.1.9 Watchkeeping :Alert Calls
2.1.10 Dedicated DSC Watchkeeping Receiver
2.2 Distress Services
2.2.1 Distress & Safety Operational Procedures
2.2.2 Distress Alerting
2.2.3 Shore to Ship Distress Alert Relay
2.2.4 Distress Alert by a Station not Itseff in Distress
2.2.5 Acknowledgement of Receipt of Distress Alerts
2.2.6 Acknowledging Receipt of Distress Alerts by Coast Stations, LESs or RCCs
2.2.7 Acknowledging Receipt of Distress Alerts by Ship Stations or MESs
2.2.8 Preparations for Handling Distress Traffic
2.2.9 Distress Traffic
2.2.10 Imposing Silence
2.2.11 Resumption of Normal Working
2.2.12 On-scene Communications
2.2.13 Locating and Homing Signals
2.2.14 Search and Rescue Transponders(SARTs)
2.2.15 Charging for Distress Communication
2.2.16 Distress Communications by DSC
2.2.17 Satcom Distress Procedure
2.2.18 GMDSS Distress Alert Procedure
2.2.19 False Alerts
2.3 Urgency Services
2.3.1 Urgency Communications
2.3.2 Urgency Messages and DSC
2.4 Safety Services
2.4.1 Safety Communications
2.4.2 Intership Navigation Safety Communication
2.4.3 Safety Messages and DSC by Ship Station
2.4.4 Transmission of a DSC Announcement by Coast Stations
2.5 Special Conditions and Procedures for DSC Communication on HF by Ship Station
2.5.1 Distress
2.5.2 Urgency
2.5.3 Safety
2.5.4 Public Correspondence on HF
2.5.5 Testing the Equipment Used for Distress and Safety on HF
2.6 Special Conditions and Procedures for DSC Communication on HF by Coast Station
2.6.1 Distress
2.6.2 Urgency
2.6.3 Safety
2.6.4 Testing the Equipment Used for Distress and Safety
2.7 Search and Rescue Radar Transponder
2.7.1 Introduction
2.7.2 SART Signals at Close Range
2.7.3 Operational and Technical Characteristics
2.7.4 Operation of Marine Radar for SART Detection( Safety of Navigation Circular 197)
Chapter 3 Satellite System
3.1 Space Segment
3.2 Ground Segment
3.3 Ship Earth Stations
3.3.1 Inmarsat-A MES
3.3.2 Inmarsat-C MES
3.3.3 Inmarsat- B MES
3.3.4 The Inmarsat-M System
3.4 Inmarsat Services
3.4.1 Ship-to-shore Distress Alerting
3.4.2 Shore-to-ship Distress Alerting through the Inmarsat Safety NETTM System
3.4.3 Search and Rescue (SAR) Co-ordinating Communications
3.4.4 On-scene SAR Communications
3.4.5 L-band Satellite EPIRBs
3.5 2-digit Inmarsat Services Codes
3.6 Satellite Acquisition
3.7 Help-Line Service
3.8 Maripress News Service
3.9 Inmarsat Communication Procedures
3.9.1 Inmarsat-A Communication Services
3.9.2 Inmarsat-C Communication Services
3.9.3 Using Inmarsat in the Shore-to-ship Direction
3.9.4 Inmarsat Traffic Accounting and Billing Arrangements
3.10 Basic Concept of the System
3.11 Distress Beacons
3.11.1 121.5 MHz Beacons
3.11.2 Phase-Out of 121.5/243 MHz Satellite Alerting Services
3.11.3 406 MHz Beacons
3.11.4 406 MHz Beacon Registration
3.12 Cospas-sarsat Space Segment
3.12.1 LEOSAR Space Segment
3.12.2 GEOSAR Space Segment
3.12.3 Combined 406 MHz LEOSAR-GEOSAR System Concept
3.13 Local User Terminals(LUTs)
3.13.1 LEOSAR Local User Terminals(LEOLUTs)
3.13.2 GEOSAR Local User Terminals(GEOLUTs)
3.14 Mission Control Centres(MCCs)
Chapter 4 Terrestrial Communication Terminal
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 General
4.1.2 Long-range Service
4.1.3 Medium-range Service
4.1.4 Short-range Service
4.2 Digital Selective Calling(DSC)
4.2.1 Basic Description of DSC
4.2.2 Use of Frequencies
4.2.3 Method of Calling
4.2.4 Acknowledgement of Calls
4.2.5 DSC Routine Calls
4.2.6 DSC Testing
4.2.7 Public Correspondence by Ship Stations
4.2.8 Public Correspondence by Coast Stations
4.3 Narrow Band Direct Printing(NBDP)
4.3.1 General Provisions
4.3.2 Telex Frequencies
4.3.3 Operation Procedures in NBDP
4.4 Maritime Mobile Radio Telephony(RT)
4.4.1 Use of Frequencies
4.4.2 General Procedure for RT
4.4.3 Transmission of Radiotelegram by RT
4.4.4 Some Other RT Services
4.4.5 The Management of VHF
Chapter 5 Maritime Safety Information( MSI) Under the GMDSS
5.1 General Introduction
5.1.1 General
5.1.2 Two Independent Systems for Broadcasting MSI
5.1.3 Scheduled and Unscheduled MSI Broadcasts
5.1.4 Language Used for MSI Broadcasts
5.1.5 NAVAREAs/METAREAs
5.1.6 Solas Requirements for Receiving MSI Broadcasts
5.2 The Inmarsat Enhanced Group Call (EGC) Services
5.2.1 Introduotion
5.2.2 General Features of the EGC System
5.3 SafetyNET
5.3.1 The SafetyNET Concept
5.3.2 MSI Broadcast over the SafetyNET Service
5.3 3 Availability of MSI in Different Areas
5.3.4 Requirements for Receiving SafetyNET MSI Btroadcasts
5.3.5 Repeat Broadcasts of MSI It!formation
5.3.6 Typical MSI Broadcasts
5.3.7 EGC Receiver Types
5.3.8 EGC Receiver Management
5.4 NAVTEX
5.4.1 Introduction
5.4.2 Message Priorities
5.4.3 The Transmitter Identification Character( B1 )
5.4.4 Subject Indicator Characters(B2)
5.4.5 Message Numbering( B3, B4)
5.4.6 Allocation of transmission times
5.4.7 Navtex Receiver Check-off List
Chapter 6 Special Services
6.1 Radio Time Signals
6.1.1 Introduction
6.1.2 English System
6.1.3 British Broadcasting Corporation System
6.1.4 Old International System
6, 1.5 New International System
6.1.6 United States System
6.1.7 Stations Transmitting Radio Time Signals in China
6.2 Ice Report
6.2.1 The Baltic sea Ice Code
6.2.2 International Ice Patrol
6.2.3 Canada: Ice Information, Routing and Requests for Icebreaker Assistance
6.2.4 Ice Report of China
6.3 Medical Advice by Radio
6.3.1 General Information
6.3.2 Contents of Medical Text
6.3.3 Medical Advice for Ships at Sea in China
6.4 Ship Reporting Systems
6.4.1 Australian Ship Reporting System(AUSREP)
6.4.2 The AMVER Organization
6.4.3 Japanese Ship Reporting System(JASREP)
Chapter 7 Distress, Search and Rescue
7.1 System Organization
7.1.1 Global SAR System Organization
7.1.2 National and Regional SAR System Organization
7.2 System Components
7.2.1 SAR Resources
7.2.2 SAR Information
7.2.3 SAR Co-ordination
7.2.4 Search and Rescue Regions
Chapter 8 Automatic Identification System (AIS)
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Who Is Demanding AlS and Who could Derive Advantage from AlS
8.2.1 Pilots, Barge Captains, Ferries etc.
8.2.2 VTS
8.2.3 Marine Search and Rescue(SAR)
8.2.4 Fishing Boats and Pleasure Crafts
8.2.5 Shore Based Pilotage-heading
8.2.6 Radar
8.2.7 Anti Collision
8.2.8 Path Prediction
8.2.9 Route Planning
8.2.10 Short Message Communications
8.2.11 Display Presentation
8.2.12 High Update Rate
8.3 International Standardization for AIS
8.4 National AIS-efforts
Appendix
Appendix 1 Glossary
Appendix 2 List of Coast Stations
Appendix 3 NAVTEX, List of Coast Stations
Appendix 4 COSPAS-SARSAT
Appendix 5 GMDSS Radio Log
Appendix 6 Phonetic Alphabet and Figure Code
Bibliography
文摘
插圖：
序言
航海信息技術指的是在海上航行的船舶之間、船舶與港口交通管理中心之間、船舶與公司之間以及船舶本身的交通信息處理、控制及通信技術，包括電子海圖顯示與信息系統(ECDIS)、全球海上遇險和安全系統(GMDSS)、全球定位系統(GPS)、船舶自動識別系統(AIS)、Intemet與數字交通信息技術以及3S信息技術等。上述技術涉及航海、計算機套用、海洋測繪、圖形圖像處理、現代通信科學等學科和領域。由於它綜合各種航行信息，自動化水平高，而且能夠有效地提高船舶航行的安全性，所以，隨著Intemet技術和無線電通信技術的飛速發展和廣泛套用．將逐漸形成以“海上數字交通”為標誌的現代航海信息技術格局，為海上運輸安全提供有力保障。
我國是IMO、ITU的理事國。按照IMO和ITU的決議，從事國際航行的船舶必須按“SOLAS”公約要求配備通信設備才能進入外國港口，從事國際航行的外國船舶到我國港口時，也要求我國岸台有符合“GMDSS”要求的通信手段。因此，實施GMDsS是我國發展國際貿易，對外開放、對內搞活的迫切需要，GMDss的實施對促進我國遇險救助現代化，增進船舶航行安全，提高船舶營運效率，有著深遠的社會和經濟意義。
GMDSS是《1974年國際海上人命安全公約》(1988年修正案)規定的全球水上移動無線電通信系統，是IMO為了最大限度地保障海上人命與財產安全，進一步完善常規海上通信手段，利用現代化的通信技術改善海上遇險與安全通信，建立新的搜救通信網路而開發的綜合系統。其目標是：使岸上的搜救當局和在遇險事件發生地區附近航行的船舶能迅速得到遇險船舶的遇險報警，以便迅速協調行動進行救助。系統還應包括提供各種緊急和安全通信手段，以及向船舶播發航行和氣象警告。
航海教育與培訓作為我國第一個與國際接軌的教育體系，在教育與培訓標準和人才培養模式方面具有很強的國際性，獨具特色。由於培養對象未來工作的特定環境和國際上越來越注重人的因素在保護海洋環境方面的作用，使得開展這一特殊的教育在充分套用現代教學方法和手段上必須給予足夠的重視，以期達到國際公約對這項特殊教育和培訓的要求。
英語是目前國際上進行政治、經濟、文化、教育、商貿等交流活動最通用的語言。對於英語為非母語的受教育者，英語語言表達能力的學習並能熟練地套用於所從事的專業領域一直是困擾學習者的一個難題。
我國是IMO、ITU的理事國。按照IMO和ITU的決議，從事國際航行的船舶必須按“SOLAS”公約要求配備通信設備才能進入外國港口，從事國際航行的外國船舶到我國港口時，也要求我國岸台有符合“GMDSS”要求的通信手段。因此，實施GMDsS是我國發展國際貿易，對外開放、對內搞活的迫切需要，GMDss的實施對促進我國遇險救助現代化，增進船舶航行安全，提高船舶營運效率，有著深遠的社會和經濟意義。
GMDSS是《1974年國際海上人命安全公約》(1988年修正案)規定的全球水上移動無線電通信系統，是IMO為了最大限度地保障海上人命與財產安全，進一步完善常規海上通信手段，利用現代化的通信技術改善海上遇險與安全通信，建立新的搜救通信網路而開發的綜合系統。其目標是：使岸上的搜救當局和在遇險事件發生地區附近航行的船舶能迅速得到遇險船舶的遇險報警，以便迅速協調行動進行救助。系統還應包括提供各種緊急和安全通信手段，以及向船舶播發航行和氣象警告。
航海教育與培訓作為我國第一個與國際接軌的教育體系，在教育與培訓標準和人才培養模式方面具有很強的國際性，獨具特色。由於培養對象未來工作的特定環境和國際上越來越注重人的因素在保護海洋環境方面的作用，使得開展這一特殊的教育在充分套用現代教學方法和手段上必須給予足夠的重視，以期達到國際公約對這項特殊教育和培訓的要求。
英語是目前國際上進行政治、經濟、文化、教育、商貿等交流活動最通用的語言。對於英語為非母語的受教育者，英語語言表達能力的學習並能熟練地套用於所從事的專業領域一直是困擾學習者的一個難題。
