霸鶲科(拉丁學名:Tyrannidae、英文名稱:Tyrant-flycatchers)有104屬424種,是地球上鳥綱最大的科,主要分布於南美洲熱帶地區,少數分布於中美洲至北美洲,是亞鳴禽中唯一遍布南北美洲的一科。形態和習性與舊大陸的鶲類相似,食性多樣。有的種類敢和比自己體型大很多的動物搏鬥,有“必勝鳥”之稱。
基本介紹
物種特徵
分布範圍
生長習性
該科種類
中文名稱 | 學 名 | 中文名稱 | 學 名 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Agriornis andicola | 213 | Myiornis atricapillus | ||
2 | Agriornis livida | 214 | Myiornis auricularis | ||
3 | Agriornis microptera | 215 | Myiornis ecaudatus | ||
4 | Agriornis montana | 216 | Myiotheretes fumigatus | ||
5 | Agriornis murina | 217 | Myiotheretes fuscorufus | ||
6 | Alectrurus risora | 218 | Myiotheretes pernix | ||
7 | Alectrurus tricolor | 219 | Myiotheretes striaticollis | ||
8 | Anairetes alpinus | 220 | Myiophobus crytoxanthus | ||
9 | Anairetes fernandezianus | 221 | Myiophobus fasciatus | ||
10 | Anairetes flavirostris | 222 | Myiophobus flavicans | ||
11 | Anairetes nigrocristatus | 223 | Myiophobus inornatus | ||
12 | Anairetes parulus | 224 | Myiophobus lintoni | ||
13 | Anairetes reguloides | 225 | Myiophobus ochraceiventris | ||
14 | Aphanotriccus audax | 226 | Myiophobus ornatus | ||
15 | Aphanotriccus capitalis | 227 | Myiophobus phoenicomitra | ||
16 | Arundinicula leucocephala | 228 | Myiophobus pulcher | ||
17 | Attila bolivianus | 229 | Myiophobus roraimae | ||
18 | Attila cinnamomeus | 230 | Myiozetetes cayanensis | ||
19 | Attila citriniventris | 231 | Myiozetetes granadensis | ||
20 | Attila phoenicurus | 232 | Myiozetetes luteiventris | ||
21 | Attila rufus | 233 | Myiozetetes similis | ||
22 | Attila spadiceus | 234 | Neopipo cinnamomea | ||
23 | Attila torridus | 235 | Neoxolmis rufiventris | ||
24 | Camptostoma imberbe | 236 | Nesotriccus ridgwayi | ||
25 | Camptostoma obsoletum | 237 | Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris | ||
26 | Capsiempis flaveola | 238 | Ochthoeca fumicolor | ||
27 | Casiornis fuca | 239 | Ochthoeca leucophrys | ||
28 | Casiornis rufa | 240 | Ochthoeca littoralis | ||
29 | Cnemarchus erythropygius | 241 | Ochthoeca oenanthoides | ||
30 | Cnemotriccus fuscatus | 242 | Ochthoeca parvirostris | ||
31 | Cnipodectes subbrunneus | 243 | Ochthoeca piurae | ||
32 | Colonia colonus | 244 | Ochthoeca rufipectoralis | ||
33 | Conopias albovittata | 245 | Tumbezia salvini | ||
34 | Conopias cinchoneti | 246 | Oncostoma cinereigulare | ||
35 | Conopias parva | 247 | Oncostoma olivaceum | ||
36 | Conopias trivirgata | 248 | Onychorhynchus coronatus | ||
37 | Contopus albogularis | 249 | Ornithion brunneicapillum | ||
38 | Contopus caribaeus | 250 | Ornithion inerme | ||
39 | Contopus cinereus | 251 | Ornithion semiflavum | ||
40 | Contopus cooperi | 252 | Pachyramphus aglaiae | ||
41 | Contopus fumigatus | 253 | Pachyramphus albogriseus | ||
42 | Contopus hispaniolensis | 254 | Pachyramphus castaneus | ||
43 | Contopus latirostris | 255 | Pachyramphus cinnamomeus | ||
44 | Contopus lugubris | 256 | Pachyramphus homochrous | ||
45 | Contopus nigrescens | 257 | Pachyramphus major | ||
46 | Contopus ochraceus | 258 | Pachyramphus marginatus | ||
47 | Contopus pallidus | 259 | Pachyramphus minor | ||
48 | Contopus pertinax | 260 | Pachyramphus niger | ||
49 | Contopus sordidulus | 261 | Pachyramphus polychopterus | ||
50 | Contopus virens | 262 | Pachyramphus rufus | ||
51 | Corythopis delalandi | 263 | Pachyramphus spodiurus | ||
52 | Corythopis torquata | 264 | Pachyramphus surinamus | ||
53 | Culicivora caudacuta | 265 | Pachyramphus validus | ||
54 | Deltarhynchus flammulatus | 266 | Pachyramphus versicolor | ||
55 | Elaenia albiceps | 267 | Pachyramphus viridis | ||
56 | Elaenia chiriquensis | 268 | Pachyramphus xanthogenys | ||
57 | Elaenia cristata | 269 | Phaeomyias murina | ||
58 | Elaenia dayi | 270 | Phelpsia inornata | ||
59 | Elaenia fallax | 271 | Philohydor lictor | ||
60 | Elaenia flavogaster | 272 | Phyllomyias burmeisteri | ||
61 | Elaenia frantzii | 273 | Phyllomyias cinereiceps | ||
62 | Elaenia gigas | 274 | Phyllomyias fasciatus | ||
63 | Elaenia martinica | 275 | Phyllomyias griseiceps | ||
64 | Elaenia mesoleuca | 276 | Phyllomyias griseocapilla | ||
65 | Elaenia obscura | 277 | Phyllomyias nigrocapillus | ||
66 | Elaenia pallatangae | 278 | Phyllomyias plumbeiceps | ||
67 | Elaenia parvirostris | 279 | Phyllomyias reiseri | ||
68 | Elaenia pelzelni | 280 | Phyllomyias sclateri | ||
69 | Elaenia ridleyana | 281 | Phyllomyias uropygialis | ||
70 | Elaenia ruficeps | 282 | Phyllomyias virescens | ||
71 | Elaenia spectabilis | 283 | Phyllomyias zeledoni | ||
72 | Elaenia strepera | 284 | Phylloscartes beckeri | ||
73 | Empidonax affinis | 285 | Phylloscartes cecilliae | ||
74 | Empidonax albigularis | 286 | Phylloscartes chapmani | ||
75 | Empidonax alnorum | 287 | Phylloscartes difficilis | ||
76 | Empidonax atriceps | 288 | Phylloscartes eximius | ||
77 | Empidonax difficilis | 289 | Phylloscartes flaviventris | ||
78 | Empidonax flavescens | 290 | Phylloscartes flavovirens | ||
79 | Empidonax flaviventris | 291 | Phylloscartes gualaquizae | ||
80 | Empidonax fulvifrons | 292 | Phylloscartes kronei | ||
81 | Empidonax hammondii | 293 | Phylloscartes lanyoni | ||
82 | Empidonax minimus | 294 | Phylloscartes nigrifrons | ||
83 | Empidonax oberholseri | 295 | Phylloscartes ophthalmicus | ||
84 | Empidonax occidentalis | 296 | Phylloscartes orbitalis | ||
85 | 紋霸鶲 | Empidonax traillii | 297 | Phylloscartes oustaleti | |
86 | Empidonax virescens | 298 | Phylloscartes parkeri | ||
87 | Empidonax wrightii | 299 | Phylloscartes paulista | ||
88 | Empidonomus varius | 300 | Phylloscartes poecilotis | ||
89 | Euscarthmus meloryphus | 301 | Phylloscartes roquettei | ||
90 | Euscarthmus rufomarginatus | 302 | Phylloscartes superciliaris | ||
91 | Fluvicola albiventer | 303 | Phylloscartes sylviolus | ||
92 | Fluvicola nengeta | 304 | Phylloscartes venezuelanus | ||
93 | Fluvicola pica | 305 | Phylloscartes ventralis | ||
94 | Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus | 306 | Phylloscartes virescens | ||
95 | Gubernetes yetapa | 307 | Pitangus sulphuratus | ||
96 | Hemitriccus cinnamomeipectus | 308 | Platyrinchus cancrominus | ||
97 | Hemitriccus diops | 309 | Platyrinchus coronatus | ||
98 | Hemitriccus flammulatus | 310 | Platyrinchus flavigularis | ||
99 | Hemitriccus furcatus | 311 | Platyrinchus leucoryphus | ||
100 | Hemitriccus granadensis | 312 | Platyrinchus mystaceus | ||
101 | Hemitriccus inornatus | 313 | Platyrinchus platyrhynchos | ||
102 | Hemitriccus iohannis | 314 | Platyrinchus saturatus | ||
103 | Hemitriccus josephinae | 315 | Poecilotriccus albifacies | ||
104 | Hemitriccus kaempferi | 316 | Poecilotriccus capitale | ||
105 | Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer | 317 | Poecilotriccus ruficeps | ||
106 | Hemitriccus minimus | 318 | Poecilotriccus sylvia | ||
107 | Hemitriccus minor | 319 | Polioxolmis rufipensis | ||
108 | Hemitriccus mirandae | 320 | Polystictus pectoralis | ||
109 | Hemitriccus nidipendulus | 321 | Polystictus superciliaris | ||
110 | Hemitriccus obsoletus | 322 | Pseudelaenia leucospodia | ||
111 | Hemitriccus orbitatus | 323 | Pseudocolopteryx acutipennis | ||
112 | Hemitriccus rufigularis | 324 | Pseudocolopteryx dinellianus | ||
113 | Hemitriccus spodiops | 325 | Pseudocolopteryx flaviventris | ||
114 | Hemitriccus striaticollis | 326 | Pseudocolopteryx sclateri | ||
115 | Hemitriccus zosterops | 327 | Pseudotriccus pelzelni | ||
116 | Heteroxolmis dominicana | 328 | Pseudotriccus ruficeps | ||
117 | Hirundinea ferruginea | 329 | Pseudotriccus simplex | ||
118 | Hymenops perspicillatus | 330 | Pyrocephalus rubinus | ||
119 | Inezia inornata | 331 | Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea | ||
120 | 亞馬孫姬霸鶲 | Inezia subflava | 332 | Ramphotrigon fuscicauda | |
121 | Inezia tenuirostris | 333 | Ramphotrigon megacephala | ||
122 | Knipolegus aterrimus | 334 | Ramphotrigon ruficauda | ||
123 | Knipolegus cyanirostris | 335 | Rhynchocyclus brevirostris | ||
124 | Knipolegus hudsoni | 336 | Rhynchocyclus fulvipectus | ||
125 | 冠黑霸鶲 | Knipolegus lophotes | 337 | Rhynchocyclus olivaceus | |
126 | Knipolegus nigerrimus | 338 | Rhynchocyclus pacificus | ||
127 | Knipolegus orenocensis | 339 | Rhytipterna holerythra | ||
128 | 亞馬孫黑霸鶲 | Knipolegus poecilocercus | 340 | Rhytipterna immunda | |
129 | Knipolegus poecilurus | 341 | Rhytipterna simplex | ||
130 | Knipolegus signatus | 342 | Sapayoa aenigma | ||
131 | Knipolegus striaticeps | 343 | Satrapa icterophrys | ||
132 | Lathrotriccus euleri | 344 | Sayornis nigricans | ||
133 | Lathrotriccus griseipectus | 345 | Sayornis phoebe | ||
134 | Legatus leucophaius | 346 | Sayornis saya | ||
135 | Leptopogon amaurocephalus | 347 | Schiffornis major | ||
136 | Leptopogon rufipectus | 348 | Schiffornis turdinus | ||
137 | Leptopogon superciliaris | 349 | Schiffornis virescens | ||
138 | Leptopogon taczanowskii | 350 | Serpophaga cinerea | ||
139 | Lessonia oreas | 351 | Serpophaga hypoleuca | ||
140 | Lessonia rufa | 352 | Serpophaga munda | ||
141 | Lophotriccus eulophotes | 353 | Serpophaga nigricans | ||
142 | Lophotriccus galeatus | 354 | Serpophaga subcristata | ||
143 | Lophotriccus pilaris | 355 | Silvicultrix diadema | ||
144 | Lophotriccus pileatus | 356 | Silvicultrix frontalis | ||
145 | Lophotriccus vitiosus | 357 | Silvicultrix jelskii | ||
146 | Machetornis rixosus | 358 | Silvicultrix pulchella | ||
147 | Mecocerculus calopterus | 359 | Sirystes sibilator | ||
148 | Mecocerculus hellmayri | 360 | Stigmatura budytoides | ||
149 | Mecocerculus leucophrys | 361 | Stigmatura napensis | ||
150 | Mecocerculus minor | 362 | Sublegatus arenarum | ||
151 | Mecocerculus poecilocercus | 363 | Sublegatus modestus | ||
152 | Mecocerculus stictopterus | 364 | Sublegatus obscurior | ||
153 | Megarhynchus pitangua | 365 | Suiriri suiriri | ||
154 | Mionectes macconnelli | 366 | Tachuris rubrigastra | ||
155 | Mionectes oleaginea | 367 | Taeniotriccus andrei | ||
156 | Mionectes olivaceus | 368 | Terenotriccus erythrurus | ||
157 | Mionectes rufiventris | 369 | Tityra cayana | ||
158 | Mionectes striaticollis | 370 | Tityra inquisitor | ||
159 | Mitrephanes olivaceus | 371 | Tityra semifasciata | ||
160 | Mitrephanes phaeocercus | 372 | Todirostrum calopterum | ||
161 | Muscigralla brevicauda | 373 | Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum | ||
162 | Muscipipra vetula | 374 | Todirostrum cinereum | ||
163 | Muscisaxicola albifrons | 375 | Todirostrum fumifrons | ||
164 | Muscisaxicola albilora | 376 | Todirostrum latirostre | ||
165 | 淡頂地霸鶲 | Muscisaxicola alpina | 377 | Todirostrum maculatum | |
166 | Muscisaxicola capistrata | 378 | Todirostrum nigriceps | ||
167 | Muscisaxicola cinerea | 379 | Todirostrum pictum | ||
168 | Muscisaxicola flavinucha | 380 | Todirostrum plumbeiceps | ||
169 | Muscisaxicola fluviatilis | 381 | Todirostrum poliocephalum | ||
170 | Muscisaxicola frontalis | 382 | Todirostrum pulchellum | ||
171 | Muscisaxicola juninensis | 383 | Todirostrum russatum | ||
172 | Muscisaxicola macloviana | 384 | Todirostrum senex | ||
173 | Muscisaxicola maculirostris | 385 | Todirostrum viridanum | ||
174 | Muscisaxicola rufivertex | 386 | Tolmomyias assimilis | ||
175 | Mybius atricaudus | 387 | Tolmomyias flaviventris | ||
176 | Mybius barbatus | 388 | Tolmomyias poliocephalus | ||
177 | Mybius sulphureipygius | 389 | Tolmomyias sulphurescens | ||
178 | Mybius villosus | 390 | Tolmomyias traylori | ||
179 | Myiarchus antillarum | 391 | Tyrannopsis sulphurea | ||
180 | Myiarchus apicalis | 392 | Tyrannulus elatus | ||
181 | Myiarchus barbirostris | 393 | Tyrannus albogularis | ||
182 | Myiarchus cephalotes | 394 | Tyrannus caudifasciatus | ||
183 | Myiarchus cinerascens | 395 | Tyrannus couchii | ||
184 | Myiarchus crinitus | 396 | Tyrannus crassirostris | ||
185 | Myiarchus ferox | 397 | Tyrannus cubensis | ||
186 | Myiarchus magnirostris | 398 | Tyrannus dominicensis | ||
187 | Myiarchus nugator | 399 | Tyrannus forficata | ||
188 | Myiarchus nuttingi | 400 | Tyrannus melancholicus | ||
189 | Myiarchus oberi | 401 | Tyrannus niveigularis | ||
190 | Myiarchus panamensis | 402 | Tyrannus savanna | ||
191 | Myiarchus phaeocephalus | 403 | Tyrannus tyrannus | ||
192 | Myiarchus sagrae | 404 | Tyrannus verticalis | ||
193 | Myiarchus semirufus | 405 | Tyrannus vociferans | ||
194 | Myiarchus stolidus | 406 | Uromyias agilis | ||
195 | Myiarchus swainsoni | 407 | Uromyias agraphia | ||
196 | Myiarchus tuberculifer | 408 | Xenopsaris albinucha | ||
197 | Myiarchus tyrannulus | 409 | Xenotriccus callizonus | ||
198 | Myiarchus validus | 410 | Xenotriccus mexicanus | ||
199 | Myiarchus venezuelensis | 411 | Xolmis cinerea | ||
200 | Myiarchus yucatanensis | 412 | Xolmis coronata | ||
201 | Myiodynastes bairdi | 413 | Xolmis irupero | ||
202 | Myiodynastes chrysocephalus | 414 | Xolmis pyrope | ||
203 | Myiodynastes hemichrysus | 415 | Xolmis rubetra | ||
204 | Myiodynastes luteiventris | 416 | Xolmis salinarum | ||
205 | Myiodynastes maculatus | 417 | Xolmis velata | ||
206 | Myiopagis caniceps | 418 | Zimmerius bolivianus | ||
207 | Myiopagis cotta | 419 | Zimmerius chrysops | ||
208 | Myiopagis flavivertex | 420 | Zimmerius cinereicapillus | ||
209 | Myiopagis gaimardii | 421 | Zimmerius gracilipes | ||
210 | Myiopagis subplacens | 422 | Zimmerius improbus | ||
211 | Myiopagis viridicata | 423 | Zimmerius vilissimus | ||
212 | Myiornis albiventris | 424 | Zimmerius viridiflavus |