賓格(accusative case；objective case；casus accusativus)表示一個動詞直接賓語的名詞或一個前置詞的賓語。人稱代詞里的：主格放在句首做主語和表語,賓格放在句末或句中做動詞和介詞的賓語.打個比方，主人邀請賓客，主格就像主人，賓格就像賓客。主格在動詞前面，賓格在動詞或介詞後面。英語中的人稱代詞(Personal Pronouns)有主格和賓格之分，如：I, me, my ; he, him, his ; they, them,their等。顧名思義，主格(The nominative case)用作主語，賓格(The objective case)用作賓語，所有格(The possessive case)則表示所有之物。在實際運用中，主格和賓格代詞有時會混淆。
基本介紹
- 中文名：賓格
- 外文名：sb.
賓格是人稱代詞，人稱代詞有主格賓格之分，主格有I,he, she,it, you, we,they，賓格有me, him, her, it, you, us, them。主格要放在主語位置，賓格要放在賓語位置。主語位置都知道，一般在句首，如I am a teacher.在英語中，賓語有兩個位置，一個在動詞後跟賓語，注意不是所有的動詞都需要跟賓語。另一個在介詞後跟賓語，如： 1,I give him a book. 這裡的give 是動詞，him 是give 的賓語（賓語的作用是使謂語所表達的意思完整和清楚），因為him的位置是賓語，所以，如果在這個位置上用的是人稱代詞，就得用賓格，而不能用主格的he.
2,She speaks to me. 這裡的to 是介詞，它後面的me在英語語法中稱賓語，因此也要用賓格。
在實際運用中，主格和賓格代詞有時會混淆。下面是常見的問題：
1.在複合結構里，人稱代詞的主格和賓格在單獨使用時，沒有問題，如很少人會犯下這樣的錯誤：
*(1)Wilcox spoke to I.
*(2)Her knew what had happened.
但在複合結構中，錯誤就難免了，如：
*(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I.
*(4)He and her knew what had happened.
*(5)This is between you and he.
這種錯誤是可避免的。第一，在有介詞的複合結構中，特別要注意，第二個人稱代詞，必須用賓語，如："for you and me"和 "between Maria and him"。第二，試把複合結構中的另一部分暫時用括弧圍起來，那么該用的格就容易辨別了，如：
1.在複合結構里，人稱代詞的主格和賓格在單獨使用時，沒有問題，如很少人會犯下這樣的錯誤：
*(1)Wilcox spoke to I.
*(2)Her knew what had happened.
但在複合結構中，錯誤就難免了，如：
*(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I.
*(4)He and her knew what had happened.
*(5)This is between you and he.
這種錯誤是可避免的。第一，在有介詞的複合結構中，特別要注意，第二個人稱代詞，必須用賓語，如："for you and me"和 "between Maria and him"。第二，試把複合結構中的另一部分暫時用括弧圍起來，那么該用的格就容易辨別了，如：
(6)This message is for (My father and) I or me.
(7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together.
顯然的，(6)里的代詞是賓格的"me", (7)里的代詞是主格的"he"。
2.在比較結構里，連線詞"as"或"than"後面，按理用主格式，但在口語中，人們常用賓格形式，學美式英語者，更是如此：
(8)a. You did as well as she.
b. You did as well as her.
(9)a. I am older than he.
b. I am older than him.
(a)和(b)兩種說法，都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"後頭分句的主語和詞動都要完整出現的話，這時的人稱代詞，就必須是主格，如下：
(10)You did as well as she did.
(11)I am older than he is .
此外，還有一點要注意，就是"as"和"than"後面雖然在語法上用主格好，用賓格也可，但是有時意思會有所不同。試比較(a)和(b)：
(12)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I.
b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me.
(13)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria).
b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.
(7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together.
顯然的，(6)里的代詞是賓格的"me", (7)里的代詞是主格的"he"。
2.在比較結構里，連線詞"as"或"than"後面，按理用主格式，但在口語中，人們常用賓格形式，學美式英語者，更是如此：
(8)a. You did as well as she.
b. You did as well as her.
(9)a. I am older than he.
b. I am older than him.
(a)和(b)兩種說法，都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"後頭分句的主語和詞動都要完整出現的話，這時的人稱代詞，就必須是主格，如下：
(10)You did as well as she did.
(11)I am older than he is .
此外，還有一點要注意，就是"as"和"than"後面雖然在語法上用主格好，用賓格也可，但是有時意思會有所不同。試比較(a)和(b)：
(12)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I.
b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me.
(13)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria).
b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.
(12)a和b都被接受，但(12)a等於(13)a，而(12)b等於(13)B：
顯然，這兩句的深層意思大有差別。遇到這種情形，為了避免誤解，不妨根據要表達的意思用完整的句式表達出來。換句話說，必要的話，要用(13)這句子。
不然，把(13)a變成(14), (13)b變成(15)也可：
(14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.
(15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.
顯然，這兩句的深層意思大有差別。遇到這種情形，為了避免誤解，不妨根據要表達的意思用完整的句式表達出來。換句話說，必要的話，要用(13)這句子。
不然，把(13)a變成(14), (13)b變成(15)也可：
(14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.
(15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.
