語系:
印歐語系
日耳曼語族
北日耳曼語支
西斯堪的納維亞
法羅語
法羅語字母表是由拉丁字母組成,字母如下:
A a
Á á
B b
D d
Ð ð
E e
F f
G g
H h
I i
Íí
J j
K k
L l
M m
N n
O o
Ó ó
P p
R r
S s
T t
U u
Ú ú
V v
Y y
Ý ý
Æ æ
Ø ø
法羅語發音IPA國際音標 (中文風格)
輔音
B b [p]
D d [t]
Dj dj [tɕ]
Ð ð [j]/[w]/[v]/[ʔ]
F f [f]
G g [k]/[tɕ]/[j]/[w]/[ʔ]
Gj gj [tɕ]
H h [h]~[x]
Hj hj [tɕ]/[j]
Hv [kv]
J j [j]
K k [kʰ]/[tɕʰ]
Kk kk [kː]/[ʰk]
L l [l]/[ɬ]
Ll ll [tl]/[tɬ]/[lː]
M m [m]
N n [n]
Ng ng [nkʰ]/[ŋkʰ]/[ntɕʰ]/[ɲtɕʰ]
Nj nj [ɲ]/[nj]
Nn nn [tn]/[nː]
P p [pʰ]
Pp pp [pː]/[ʰp]
R r [ɹ]/[ɻ]
S s [s]/[ɕ]
Sj sj [ɕ]
Sk sk [sk(ʰ)]/[ɕ]
Skj skj [ɕ]
Stj stj [ɕ]
T t [tʰ]
Tj tj [tɕʰ]
Tt tt [tː]/[ʰt]
V v [v]/[ʋ]/[f]
元音
A a [ɑ]/[ea̯] (ɛa̯ː)
Á á [ɔ]/[oa̯] (ɔa̯ː)
E e [ɛ]/[ɛe̯] (eː)
I i [ɪ]/[ɪi̯] (iː)
Í í [ʊi̯]/[ʊi̯ː]
O o [ɔ]/[ɔo̯] (oː)
Ó ó [ɔ]/[ɔo̯] (oː)
U u [ʊ]/[ʊu̯] (uː)
Ú ú [ʏ]/[ʉu̯ː]
Æ æ [ɑ]/[ea̯] (ɛa̯ː)
Ø ø [œ]/[œø̯]~[œo̯] (øː)
Ei ei [ɑi̯]/[ɑi̯ː]
Ey ey [ɛi̯]/[ɛi̯ː]
Oy oy [ɔi̯]/[ɔi̯ː]
發音規則
/ f,v /通常是labiodental。[5] [雙唇實現是否可能?]
intervocalic / v /通常是一個近似值[ʋ],而字母初始值/ v /在一個近似值[ʋ]和一個摩擦音[v]之間變化[5]。
/ n /是牙齒[n̪],而/tʰ,t /在牙齒[t̪ʰ,t̪]和(不太常見)牙槽[tʰ,t]之間變化[5]。
初始/ l /是牙科[l̪]或肺泡[l]。 Postvocalic / l /可能更多是一個postalveolar橫向[l̠],尤其是在後元音之後[5]。
/tɕʰ,tɕ/是palato-alveolar,並在停止[t̠ʲʰ,t̠ʲ]和[[tɕʰ,tɕ]之間變化)。[6]
/ŋ,kʰ,k /是velar,而/ h /是聲門。[7]
法羅語中涉及了幾個語音流程,其中包括:
液體在沒有清音的輔音前被清除
鼻音通常假定發音位置和下列輔音的喉部位置。
在/iː,ɪ,eː,ɛ,ɛi,j /之前,維拉停止齶部到齶後黏膜。
/ v /在清音輔音前成為/ f /
/ s /在另一個輔音變成/ɕ/之後/ɛi,ai,ɔi/
/ sk / become /ɕ/ before /iː,ɪ,eː,ɛ,ɛi,j /(但在形式上經常/stɕ/ word內部,即elski [ɛɬstɕɪ]'我愛')
/ɹ/翻轉本身以及跟隨在輔音簇中的輔音,產生異音字母[ʂ,ɭ,ʈ,ɳ],而/ɹ/本身變成[ɻ],例如:⟨rd⟩[ɻʈ]; preaspirated consonants devoice the rhotic:example:⟨rt⟩[ɻ̊ʈ]; ⟨rs⟩通常是[ʂː](僅限於某些借詞[ɻ̊ʂ])。無聲[ɻ̊]通常被實現為[ʂ]。
將原始⟨llPre預設為[tl],將⟨nn⟩預設為[tn]。
除了後面還有一個封閉的元音之外,抽吸的輔音變得被預先吸氣。在集群中,前期合併與先前的鼻腔或根尖近似物合併,使其無聲,例如:⟨nt⟩[n̥t]
輔音群集中的省略[編輯]
法羅斯傾向於忽略不同輔音組合中的第一個或第二個輔音:
fjals [fjɑls]('mountain's')而不是[fjɑtl](nom。)的* [fjɑtls]。所有格的其他例子是:穀倉[pɑns]('孩子'),vatns [vɑn̥s]('水')。
hjálpti[jɔɬtɪ]('幫')過去sg。而不是來自hjálpa[jɔɬpɑ]的* [jɔɬptɑ]。過去形式的其他例子是:sigldi [sɪltɪ]('sailed'),yrkti [ɪɻ̊ʈɪ]('寫詩')。
同音字是fylgdi('follow')和fygldi('用網捕捉到鳥'):[fɪltɪ]。
skt將是:
1. [st]用多於一個音節的辭彙表示:føroyskt[fœo̯ɹɪst]('Faroese'n。sg .;)russiskt [ɹʊsːɪst]('Russian'n。sg。),íslndskt[ʊɕlɛŋ̊st]('Icelandic'n 。sg。)。
2. [kst] in monosyllables:enskt [ɛŋ̊kst]('English'n。sg。),danskt [tɑŋ̊kst]('Danish'n。sg。),franskt [fɹaŋ̊kst]('French'n。sg。), spanskt [spɑŋ̊kst]('Spanish'n。sg。),svenskt [svɛŋ̊kst]('Swedish'n。sg。),týskt[tʰʊkst]('German'n。sg。)。
但是[ʂt]在:írskt[ʊʂt]('Irish'n。sg。),norskt [nɔʂt]('挪威語'n。sg。)
法羅語中唯一不重讀的元音是[a,ɪ,ʊ];這些出現在變元結尾:áðrenn(例如'之前'的'ɔaːɹɪnː')。非常典型的結局就像-ur,-ir,-ar。和睦常常由[ʊn]表示。
[a] - bátar [pɔa̯ːtɑɹ]('boats'),kallar [kʰɑtlɑɹ]('[you] 卡')
[ɪ] - gestir [tɕɛstɪɹ]('guests'),dugir [tuːɪɹ]('[you] 可以')
[ʊ] - bátur [pɔa̯ːtʊɹ]('小船'),gentur [tɕɛntʊɹ]('girls'),rennur [ɹɛnːʊɹ]('[你]運行')。
在某些方言中,非重音短/ʊ/實現為[ø]或者進一步減小為[ə]。 /ɪ/由於在[ɪ〜ɛ〜ə]之間變化,所以非重音/ʊ/和/ɪ/可以押韻。這可能會導致與這兩個元音相關的拼寫錯誤。下表顯示了不同方言的不同實現。
所謂的“skerping”([ɕɛʂpɪŋk]'銳化')[4]是一種典型的在[kv]之前反向元音並且在[tɕː]之前將某些雙元音單音化的典型現象。 skerping沒有正確表示。
[ɛɡv]:Jógvan [jɛkvɑn](名字約翰的一種形式),Gjógv [tɕɛkv]('cleft')
['ɪɡv]:kúgv [kʰɪkv]('cow'),trúgva [tʂɪkvɑ]('相信'),but:trúleysur [tʂʉu̯ːlɛi̯sʊɹ]('faithless')
[ɛtɕː]:heyggjur [xɛtɕːʊɹ]('high'),但heygnum [xɛi̯ːnʊn]('high [dat。sg。'')
[ʊtɕː]:nýggjur nʊtɕːʊɹ]('new [M.]'),但nýtt [nʊi̯ʰtː]('新[Nn。]')
[ɑtɕː]:beiggi [pɑtɕːɪ]('父親')
家庭稱謂
英語 | 法羅語 |
---|
family | húsfólk; hýski |
parents | foreldur |
father | faðir |
mother | móðir |
children | barn |
son | sonur |
daughter | dóttir |
husband | ektamaður; maður |
wife | ektakona; kona |
brother | bróðir |
sister | systir |
uncle | faðirbróðir (pt); móðurbróðir (mt) |
aunt | fastir (pt); mostir (mt) |
cousin | systkinabarn |
nephew | bróðursonur; (brother's son); systursonur; (sister's son) |
niece | bróðurdóttir; (brother's daughter); systurdóttir; (sister's daughter) |
grandparents | abbi og omma |
grandfather | abbi |
grandmother | omma |
grandchildren | barnabarn |
grandson | abbasonur; ommusonur |
granddaughter | abbadóttir; ommudóttir |
father-in-law | verfaðir |
mother-in-law | vermóðir |
brother-in-law | svágur |
sister-in-law | konusystir; bróðurkona; systir mansins |
法羅語日常用語
英語 | 法羅語 |
---|
| Vælkomin |
| Hallo / Hey |
How are you? I'm fine, thanks. And you? | Hvussu gongur? Hvussu gongur tað? |
Mær gongst væl, takk, og tygum? (frm) Mær gongst væl, takk, og tær (inf) |
| Hvussu eitur tú? |
Eg eiti ... |
Where are you from? I'm from ... | Hvaðani kemur tú? (inf) Hvaðani koma tygum? (frm) Hvaðan ert tú? (inf) Hvaðan eru tygum? (frm) |
Eg komi úr ... / Eg eri úr ... |
Pleased to meet you | Stuttligt at hitta teg |
| Góðan morgun |
| Góðan dagin |
| Gott kvøld |
| Góða nátt |
| Farvæl, Bei, Vit síggjast |
| Góða eydnu |
Cheers/Good health! | Skál! |
| Hav ein góðan dag |
| Vælgagnist |
| Góða ferð |
I don't understand | Eg skilji ikki |
Please speak more slowly | Hevði tú vinarliga kunna tosa eitt sindur seinni? |
Please write it down | Hevði tú vinarliga kunna skriva tað? |
Do you speak Faroese? Yes, a little | Dugir tú føroyskt? |
Ja, eitt lítið sindur |
How do you say ... in Faroese? | Hvussu sigur ein ... á føroyskum? |
| Orsaka meg! |
How much is this? | Hvussu nógv kostar hettar her? Hvat kostar hetta? |
| Takk/Takk fyri |
Tað var so lítið |
Where's the toilet? | Hvar er vesi? |
This gentleman/lady will pay for everything | Hesin harrin skal gjalda fyri alt Hendan daman skal gjalda fyri alt |
Would you like to dance with me? | Hevur tú hug at dansa (við mær) |
| Eg elski teg |
| Góðan bata |
Leave me alone! | Lat meg fáa frið! |
Help! Fire! Stop!/ Stop it! | Hjálp! Eldur í! Steðga! Gevst! |
Call the police! | Ringið eftir løgregluni! |
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year | Gleðilig Jól og eydnuríkt nýggjár Gleðilig Jól og gott nýggjár (frm) Gleiðilig jól og eitt av harranum signað nýggjár |
| Gleðilig páskir |
| Tillukku við føðingardegnum |
One language is never enough | Eitt mál er als ikki nóg mikið! |
My hovercraft is full of eels Why this phrase? | Luftpútufarið hjá mær yður í álli Luftpútufarið hjá mær ýir í álli |