月球隕石

來源

當大的小行星體或慧星撞擊月球表面時，其表面物質的噴射可以達到逃逸月球的速度（2.4km/s）從而進入宇宙空間，其中一部分為地球所捕獲並降落到地球上，這表明月球隕石與月球表面的衝擊成坑事件密切相關，特別是大的小行星體低角度撞擊更有利於噴射物質的逃逸。由於月球經過岩漿分異作用，所以月球隕石屬無球粒隕石。

發現歷史數量

月球隕石的發現開始於20世紀80年代。在Apollo和Luna計畫採樣返回10年之後，於1982年才確認第一塊月球隕石ALHA 81005。這塊隕石是美國隕石考察隊（ANSMET）在南極Alan Hill山區發現的，該隕石樣品被送往美國休斯頓空間中心進行處理和保管，由於該中心負責月球樣品處理和保管，研究人員熟悉月球樣品，他們在處理該樣品時發現其結構特徵與月球樣品非常相似，而促使他們考慮到ALHA 81005隕石可能來自月球。其實，在此樣品之前，日本南極考察隊在Yamato發現了一塊月球隕石Y791197，由於當時缺乏經驗，這塊隕石被誤認為是鈣長輝長無球粒隕石（Eucrite）。據確認時間順序，Y791197、Y82192和Y82193分別是第二、三、四塊月球隕石。此外，Y793169和EET87521隕石曾被誤認為是鈣長輝長無球粒隕石，後來被確認為月球隕石。

月球隕石稀少，發現過程非常緩慢。到1993年，才發現12塊月球隕石，而且主要來自南極，南極之外僅在澳大利亞發現一塊Calcalong Creek。到2000年，月球隕石數量達到了31塊，同樣，絕大部分來自於南極。由於Calcalong Creek隕石曾在市場上標價4萬美元/g，這激發了民間隕石愛好者對月球隕石的極大興趣，到1997年，在南極以外發現了第二塊月球隕石。2000年之後，民間在非洲沙漠地區尋找月球隕石取得了巨大成功，月球隕石數量和質量也隨著飆升。至2013年，已公布發現月球隕石165個，總重量65.2kg，如考慮成對隕石，這些隕石代表了81次隕石降落，其中10個月海玄武岩、50個斜長岩、21個玄武質斜長質混合角礫岩。在數量上，32（塊（成對19塊）月球隕石發現於南極，其他148塊發現於南極之外的沙漠地區。在數量上，沙漠月球隕石占月球隕石的絕大部分。

岩石類型

由於缺乏大氣層的保護，月球在歷史上經歷了強烈的撞擊作用，因此，月球上布滿了大大小小的撞擊坑，同時，在月球表面形成了一層數米至20多米厚度不等的月壤。與此相似，月球隕石除少量具有完整結晶結構玄武岩外，其餘大部分月球隕石均為碎屑岩。根據岩石結構和礦物組合，月球隕石可分為玄武岩、斜長岩和玄武岩-斜長岩質混合角礫岩等三類，這與月球岩石的月海玄武岩、高地斜長岩和過渡地區的混合角礫岩相對應。另外，根據岩石學和化學成分特徵，月球隕石主要有三種端元類型物質組成，即角礫岩化斜長岩、玄武岩和角礫岩化玄武岩、蘇長岩成分的衝擊熔融玻璃即月球岩石中的克里普岩。

No.	Name	Year Found	Rock Type	Mass (G)	Found
B1	Yamato 793169	1991	Unbrecciated Basalt	6.1	Antarctica
B2	Asuka 881757	1989	Gabbro	442	Antarctica
B3	Northwest Africa 032, 479	1999	Unbrecciated Basalt	~300, 156	Africa
B4	Northeast Africa 003	2000	Unbrecciated Basalt	124	Africa
B5	Northwest Africa 773, 2700, 2727, 2977, 3160, 3170, 6950, 3333, 7007, NWAAnoual	2000, 2004, 2005	Gabbro	60, 6, 33, 1649, 5.9, 633, 31.7, 191.2, 233, 34	Africa
B6	Dhofar 287	2001	Unbrecciated Basalt	154	Asia
B7	LaPaz Icefield 02205, 02224, 02226, 02436, 03632, 04841	2002-2004	Unbrecciated Basalt	1226.3, 252, 244.1, 59.0, 93, 56	Antarctica
B8	Miller Range 5035	2006	Unbrecciated Basalt	142	Antarctica
B9	Northwest Africa 4898	2007	Unbrecciated Basalt	137	Africa
B10	Northwest Africa 4734	2007	Unbrecciated Basalt	1372	Africa

No.	Name	Year Found	Rock Type	Mass (G)	Found
F1	Yamato 791197	1979	Anorthositic Regolith Breccia	52.4	Antarctica
F2	Aspen Hills 81005	1982	Anorthositic Regolith Breccia	31.39	Antarctica
F3	Yamato 82192, 82193, 86032	1982, 1986	Anorthositic Fragmental Breccia	37, 27, 648	Antarctica
F4	MacAlpine Hills 88104, 88105	1989	Anorthositic Regolith Breccia	61, 663	Antarctica
F5	Queen Alexandra 93069, 94269	1993	Anorthositic Regolith Breccia	21.4, 3.1	Antarctica
F6	Dar al Gani 262, 996, 1042, 1048	1997, 1999, 2001	Anorthositic Regolith Breccia	513, 12.31, 801, 1	Africa
F7	Dar al Gani 400, 1058	1998	Anorthositic Regolith Breccia	1815, 1425	Africa
F8	Dhofar 081, 280, 910, 1224	2001, 2003	Anorthositic Fragmental Breccia	174, 251.2, 142, 4.57	Asia
F9	Dhofar 025, 301, 304, 308	2000	Anorthositic Regolith Breccia	751, 9, 10, 2	Asia
F10	Dhofar 026, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468	2000, 2001	Anorthositic Granulitic Breccia	148, 99.5, 36.7, 31.5, 73.1, 33.7, 44.7, 24.3, 22.3, 70.7, 69.2, 36.2, 18.9	Asia
F11	Northwest Africa 482	2001	Anorthositic Impact Melt Breccia	1015	Africa
F12	Dhofar 302	2001	Anorthositic impact-melt breccia	3.83	Asia
F13	Dhofar 303, 305, 306, 307, 309, 310, 311, 489, 730, 731, 908, 909, 911, 950, 1085	2003	Anorthositic Impact Melt Breccia	4.15, 34.11, 12.86, 50, 81.3, 10.8, 4, 34.4, 108, 36, 245(9), 3.9, 194(9), 21.7, 197(4)	Asia
F14	Dhofar 490, 1084	2003	Anorthositic Fragmental Breccia	34.05, 90	Asia
F15	Dhofar 733	2002	Anorthositic Granulitic Breccia	98	Asia
F16	Northeast Africa 1	2002	Anorthositic Regolith Breccia	262	Africa
F17	Pecora Escarpment 2007	2003	Anorthositic Regolith Breccia	22.4	Antarctica
F18	Northwest Africa 2200	2004	Anorthositic Impact Melt Breccia	552	Africa
F19	Northwest Africa 3163, 4483, 4881, 6275	2005, 2010	Anorthositic granulitic breccia	208, 606, 1.0, 1634	Africa
F20	Dhofar 1428	2006	Anorthositic Granulitic Breccia	213	Asia
F21	Dhofar 1443, 1436	2001, 2004	Anorthositic breccia	36.7, 24.2	Asia
F22	Northwest Africa 2998, 7262	2012, 2006	Anorthositic breccia	413, 163	Africa
F23	Graves Nunataks 6157	2007	Anorthositic Breccia	0.8	Antarctica
F24	Larkman Nunataks 6638	2007	Anorthositic Breccia	5.29	Antarctica
F25	Northwest Africa 5000	2007	Anorthositic Regolith Breccia	11528	Africa
F26	Northwest Africa 4936, 5406, 6221, 6355, 6470, 6570, 6687, 7190	2008, 2010, 2011, 2007	Anorthositic Regolith Breccia	109.4, 760, 96, 415, 42.4, 5.3, 172, 281	Africa
F27	Sayh al Uhaymir 449	2008	Anorthositic Impact Melt Breccia	16.5	Asia
F28	Sayh al Uhaymir 300	2004	Polymict Impact Melt Breccia	152.6	Asia
F29	Northwest Africa 4932	2007	Anorthositic Impact Melt Breccia	93	Africa
F30	Miller Range 7006	2007	Anorthositic Regolith Breccia	1.368	Antarctica
F31	Shisr 160	2008	Anorthositic regolith breccia	101	Asia
F32	Shisr 161	2008	Anorthositic fragmental breccia	57	Asia
F33	Northwest Africa 5744	2009	Anorthositic granulitic breccia	170	Africa
F34	Jiddat al Harasis 348	2008	Anorthositic Regolith Breccia	18.7	Asia
F35	Shisr 162	2006	Anorthositic impact melt breccia	5530	Asia
F36	Shisr 166	2008	Anorthositic impact melt breccia	128.8	Asia
F37	Dhofar 1527	2009	Anorthositic impact melt breccia	42.6	Asia
F38	Dhofar 1528	2009	Anorthositic breccia	213	Asia
F39	Miller Range 090034, 090036, 090070, 090075	2009	Anorthositic regolith breccia	195.6, 245, 137.5, 143.5	Antarctica
F40	Dhofar 1627	2010	Anorthositic impact melt breccia	86.1	Asia
F41	Northwest Africa 6481	2010	Anorthositic impact melt breccia	13.7	Africa
F42	Northwest Africa 6578	2010	Anorthositic granulitic breccia	1638	Africa
F43	Dhofar 1673	2011	Anorthositic breccia	15.1	Asia
F44	Northwest Africa 6721	2011	Anorthositic fragmental breccia	181	Africa
F45	Northwest Africa 6888	2011	Anorthositic regolith breccia	208	Western Sahara
F46	Northwest Africa 7022	2011	Anorthositic fragmental breccia	444	Northwest Africa
F47	Dhofar 1669	2010	Anorthositic breccia	3.3	Asia
F48	Northwest Africa 7274	2012	Anorthositic breccia	373	Northwest Africa
F49	Northwest Africa 7493	2012	Breccia	503	Africa

No.	Name	Year Found	Rock Type	Mass (G)	Found
M1	Yamato 793274, 981031	1980	Anorthosite-bearing Basaltic Regolith Breccia	8.7, 186	Antarctica
M2	Elephant Moraine 87521, 96008	1988	Basaltic or Gabbroic Fragmental Breccia	31, 53	Antarctica
M3	Calcalong Creek	1990	Basaltic-bearing Anorthositic Regolith Breccia	19	Australia
M4	Queen Alexandra 94281	1994	Anorthosite-bearing Basaltic Regolith Breccia	23.4	Antarctica
M5	Kalahari 008, 009	1999	Anorthositic Regolith / Basaltic Fragmental Breccias	598, 13500	Africa
M6	Yamato 983885	1999	Basalt-bearing Anorthositic Regolith Breccia	290	Antarctica
M7	Meteorite Hills 1210	2001	Anorthosite-bearing Basaltic Fragmental Breccia	22.8	Antarctica
M8	Sayh al Uhaymir 169	2002	Basalt-bearing Anorthositic Regolith Breccia	206.45	Asia
M9	Dhofar 925, 960, 961	2003	Basalt-bearing Anorthositic Impact Melt Breccia	49, 35.4, 21.6	Asia
M10	Northwest Africa 3136	2004	Anorthosite-bearing Basaltic Regolith Breccia	95.1	Africa
M11	Dhofar 1180	2005	Basalt-bearing Anorthositic Fragmental Breccia	121	Asia
M12	Northwest Africa 2995, 2996, 3190, 4503, 5151, 5152, 6252, 6554, 6555	2005-2010, 2005	Basalt-bearing Anorthositic Fragmental Breccia	113, 138, 29.7, 538, 984, 41, 70, 289, 38	Africa
M13	Northwest Africa 4472, 4485	2006	Anorthosite-bearing Basaltic Breccia	64.3, 188	Africa
M14	Northwest Africa 4884	2007	Anorthosite-bearing Basaltic Regolith Breccia	42	Africa
M15	Northwest Africa 4819	2007	Anorthositic regolith breccia	234	Africa
M16	Dhofar 1442	2005	Anorthositic regolith breccia	106.5	Asia
M17	Northwest Africa 5207	2007	Anorthositic fragmental breccia	101	Africa
M18	Northwest Africa 5153	2007	Anorthositic fragmental breccia	50	Africa
M19	Lynch 2	2010	Breccia	36.5	Western Australia
M20	Dhofar 1629	2007	Breccia	2.51	Asia
M21	Northwest Africa 7611	2012	Basalt-bearing feldspathic fragmental breccia	916	Africa

月球隕石

基本介紹

來源

發現歷史數量

岩石類型

現有目錄

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