基本介紹
- 中文名:指示代詞
- 外文名:demonstrative pronoun
分類
句法功能
- 主語
This is the way to do it. 這事兒就該這樣做。 - 賓語
I like this better than that. 我喜歡這個多於那個。 - 介詞賓語
I don't say no to that. 我並未拒絕那個。
There is no fear of that. 那並不可怕。 - 表語
My point is this. 我的觀點就是如此。 - 定語
This room is mine. 這間房間是我的。
用法
- this和these指在時間或空間上較近的人或者事物,that和those指在時間或空間上較遠的人或者事物。例如:
This is a pen and that’s an eraser. 這是一支筆,那是塊橡皮擦。
This is a boy and those are girls. 這是個男孩,這些是女孩。 - 指示代詞所指的對象取決於說話者和聽話者共同熟悉的語境。如:
I liked this movie today better than that concert last night.
我喜歡今天的這個電影,勝過昨晚的那個音樂會。 - 指示代詞具有名詞和形容詞性質,既可指人也可指物。但是在相當於名詞時一般指物多於指人。如:
I found this wallet. I found this.
我找到了這隻皮夾子。我找到了這個。(this 等於 this wallet)
Is she going to marry that man?
她打算跟那人結婚嗎?(that man不得用that代替,否則有輕蔑之意) - 相當於名詞的指示代詞在句中作主語時,則指物指人均可。如:
What are these? 這些是什麼?(指物)
This is Bill. Is that George? 我是比爾。你是喬治嗎?(電話用語)(指人) - 打電話過程中,介紹自己時通常用this指代“我”,不用代詞I;詢問對方時用that指代“你”,不用代詞you。例如:
----Hello. This is Mary. Who’s that? 喂,我是瑪麗。你是誰?
----This is Tom. 我是湯姆。 - 當指示代詞所指的事物已確定時,後面的指示代詞則用it或they代替。如:
This (suit) is expensive, isn't it? 這套衣服昂貴,不是嗎?
"Are those yours?" "Yes, they are." “那些是你的嗎?”“是的,它們是我的。”
注意事項
(對)That is my teacher. 那是我的老師。( that作主語,指人)
(對)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和這個姑娘結婚。(this作限定詞)
(錯)He is going to marry this. (this作賓語時不能指人)
(對)I bought this. 我買這個。(this指物,可作賓語)
(對) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他讚賞外表漂亮的東西。
(對) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他讚賞那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)
(錯) He admired that who danced well. (that作賓語時不能指人)
(對) He admired those who danced well. 他讚賞跳舞好的人。(those指人)
(對) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他讚賞那些外表漂亮的東西。(those指物)
Who’s that? That’s/It’s Liu Dehua.那是誰?那是劉德華。
What are those? They are basketballs. 那些是什麼?那些是籃球。
Is this a ruler? Yes, it is.
Are those your friends? No, they aren’t.
She’s very friendly, and that is why we all love her. 她很友善,這就是我們都喜歡她的原因。
You needn’t do this — It’s pretty easy. 你不必做這事,那相當容易。
one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that與所指名詞為同類,但不是同一個,而it 與所指名詞為同一個。
I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不定)
我找不到我的帽子了。我想我該去買一頂。
The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同類但不同個)
你買的那頂帽子比我買的大。
I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it. ( 同一物)
我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。