基本介紹
- 中文名：德國世界文化遺產
- 批准時間：約於1976年8月23日
- 官網個數：39個
- 記憶世界個數：17個
Site | Image | Location | Year | Description | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iv), (vi) | — | 1978 | An iconic feat of architecture that sparked copies around Germany for centuries to come, Aachen's cathedral became the first-built vaulted structure since antiquity. The town itself was closely tied toCharlemagneduring the cathedral's inception, which explains why it became his burial place when he died in 814. | ||
Abbey and Altenmünster of Lorsch | - | Cultural: (iii), (iv) | — | 1991 | The abbey and gate or 'Torhall', are from the Carolingian era. The notable Carolingian sculptures and paintings are still in good condition. | |
Bauhaus and its sites in Weimar and Dessau | - | Cultural: (ii), (iv), (vi) | — | 1996 | Formed in 1919, the original Bauhaus school inWeimarwas known for its role in the progression ofmodern artthrough its architecture. Although it was shut down in 1925 for political reasons,Walter Gropiuswas able to establish a second and much more influential Bauhaus inDessaumonths later, eventually attracting world-renowned artists to teach at the school before once again closing in 1933. | |
Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe | - | Cultural: (iii), (iv) | 559 (1,380) | 2013 | Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe is the largest European hillside park, and second largest park on a mountain slope in the world. Its waterworks along with the toweringHercules statueconstitute an expression of the ideals of absolutist Monarchy while the ensemble is a remarkable testimony to the aesthetics of the Baroque and Romantic periods. | |
Berlin Modernist Housing Estates | - | Cultural: (ii), (iv) | 88 (220) | 2008 | The property consists of six housing estates from 1910 to 1933. It is an example of the building reform movement that contributed to improved housing and living conditions for people with low incomes. The estates also showcase a number of new designs, decoration and layouts. The lessons learned here were applied on other projects around the world. Some of the notable architects on these house were;Bruno Taut,Martin WagnerandWalter Gropius. | |
Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at Brühl | - | Cultural: (ii), (iv) | 89 (220) | 1984 | Augustusburg Castle, the residence of the prince-archbishops of Cologne, and the Falkenlust hunting lodge are both examples of early GermanRococo architecture. | |
Classical Weimar | - | Cultural: (iii), (vi) | — | 1998 | ||
Collegiate Church, Castle, and Old Town ofQuedlinburg | - | Cultural: (iv) | — | 1994 | The preservation of old Quedlinberg allows tourists to see 16th- and 17th-century timber-framed houses and walk down medieval-patterned streets, while the Romanesque castle and cathedral, housing the bodies ofHenry Iand his wife, tower over the town. | |
Cologne Cathedral | - | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iv) | — | 1996 | While work on the Cologne Cathedral began in 1248, it remained incomplete until thePrussianspicked up the task centuries later, finishing the job in 1880. It was heavily bombed in theSecond World War, but restorations allowed it to become the most visited landmark in Germany, boasting 6.5 million visitors per year as of 2011. | |
Fagus Factory in Alfeld | - | Cultural: (ii), (iv) | 1.88 (4.6) | 2011 | ||
Frontiers of the Roman Empire | - | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv) | 527 (1,300) | 1987 | Hadrian's Wallwas built in 122AD and theAntonine Wallwas constructed in 142AD to defend theRoman Empirefrom "barbarians".The World Heritage Site was previously listed as Hadrian's Wall alone, but was later expanded to include all the frontiers of the Roman Empire at its zenith in the 2nd century, ranging from Antonine's Wall in the north toTrajan's Wallin eastern Europe. | |
Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz | - | Cultural: (ii), (iv) | 14,500 (36,000) | 2000 | "The Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz is an outstanding example of the application of the philosophical principles of the Age of the Enlightenment to the design of a landscape that integrates art, education and economy in a harmonious whole." | |
Hanseatic City ofLübeck | - | Cultural: (iv) | 81 (200) | 1987 | Lübeck was the trading capital of the influentialHanseatic League, which monopolised trade in much of the Northern Europe. Although a fifth of the city was entirely destroyed inWorld War II, much of the original 12th century architecture remains. | |
- | Cultural: (ii), (iv) | 168 (420) | 2002 | The two towns were majorHanseatic Leaguetrading centres in the 14th and 15th centuries. They then served as defensive and administrative centres for Sweden two hundred years later, notably during theThirty Years' War. The architectural styles from both of these periods remain and are well-preserved. | ||
Luther Memorials inEislebenandWittenberg | - | Cultural: (iv), (vi) | — | 1996 | - | |
Margravial Opera HouseBayreuth | - | Cultural: (i), (iv) | — | 2012 | - | |
Maulbronn Monastery Complex | - | Cultural: (ii), (iv) | — | 1993 | TheCistercianMaulbronn Monastery is considered the most complete and best-preserved medieval monastic complex north of the Alps. The main buildings were constructed between the 12th and 16th centuries, along with the monastery walls. The monastery's church, mainly inTransitional Gothic style, helped spread the Gothic style across northern and central Europe. The monastery also had a large, elaborate water-management system. | |
Messel Pit Fossil Site | - | Natural: (viii) | 42 (100) | 1995 | Messel Pit is the richest site in the world for understanding the environment of theEocene, between 57 million and 36 million years ago. In particular, it shows the early stages of mammalian evolution and includes exceptionally well-preserved mammal fossils. Some of the most notable discoveries include fully articulated skeletons and the contents of the stomachs of animals. | |
Mines of Rammelsberg, Historic Town ofGoslarandUpper Harz Water Management System | - | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) | 1,010 (2,500) | 1992 | The Upper Harz water management system was developed over a period of some 800 years to assist in mining and extracting ore. The mines and their ponds began under theCistercianmonks in theMiddle Ages. However, most of the works were built from the end of the 16th century until the 19th century. It is made up of an extremely complex system of artificial ponds, small channels, tunnels and underground drains. The mines were a major site for mining innovation in the western world. | |
Monastic Island of Reichenau | - | Cultural: (iii), (iv), (vi) | — | 2000 | The site includes traces of the Benedictine monastery, founded in 724, which exercised remarkable spiritual, intellectual and artistic influence throughout the surrounding region. The churches of St Mary and Marcus, St Peter and St Paul, and St George, were mainly built between the 9th and 11th centuries. Their wall paintings and decorations show an impressive artistic activity. | |
Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin | - | Cultural: (ii), (iv) | — | 1999 | The five museums on the Museumsinsel in Berlin, built between 1824 and 1930, are a unified but diverse collection of museum collections and buildings. Each museum was built to mesh with the collection and represents the aesthetic of the different times. The collections trace the development of civilizations throughout the ages. | |
Muskauer Park / Park Mużakowski | - | Cultural: (i), (iv) | 348 (860) | 2004 | A landscaped park astride the Neisse River and the border between Poland and Germany, it was created by Prince Hermann von Puckler-Muskau from 1815 to 1844. Designed as a ‘painting with plants’, it used local plants to enhance the existing landscape. The park spreads into the town of Muskau with parks and other green spaces. The site also features a reconstructed castle, bridges and an arboretum. | |
Old Town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof | - | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv) | 183 (450) | 2006 | This medieval town contains many notable buildings that span almost two millennia and include ancient Roman, Romanesque and Gothic buildings. Regensburg’s 11th- to 13th-century architecture created a town of narrow, dark lanes flanked by tall buildings and surrounded by a city wall. It includes medieval patrician houses and towers, a large number of churches and monasteries as well as the 12th-century Old Bridge. Regensburg was a center of theHoly Roman Empirethat turned toProtestantism. | |
Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin | - | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iv) | 2,064 (5,100) | 1990 | This site contains 500ha (1,200 acres) of parks and 150 buildings constructed between 1730 and 1916. It extends into the district of Berlin-Zehlendorf, with the palaces and parks lining the banks of the River Havel and Lake Glienicke. Voltaire stayed at the Sans-Souci Palace, built under Frederick II between 1745 and 1747. | |
- | Cultural: (i), (iii) | 0.1 (0.25) | 1983 | The Church of Wies (1745–54) is the work of architectDominikus Zimmermannand is a masterpiece of the BavarianRococo. | ||
Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps | - | Cultural: (iv), (v) | 3,961 (9,790) | 2011 | Contains 111 small individual sites with the remains of prehistoric pile-dwelling (or stilt house) settlements in and around the Alps built from around 5000 to 500 B.C. on the edges of lakes, rivers or wetlands. While only some of the sites have been excavated, they contain a wealth of information on life and trade in agrarian Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures in Alpine Europe. Fifty-six of the sites are located in Switzerland. | |
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany | - | Natural: (ix) | 33,670 (83,200) | 2007 | Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians, are used to study the spread of the beech tree (Fagus sylvatica) in the Northern Hemisphere across a variety of environments and the environment in the forest. The addition of the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany in 2011 included five forests totaling 4,391 hectares (10,850 acres) that are added to the 29,278 hectares (72,350 acres) of Slovakian and Ukrainian beech forests inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2007. | |
Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St. Peter and Church of Our Lady in Trier | - | Cultural: (i)(iii), (iv), (vi) | — | 1986 | The Roman colony at Trier was founded in the 1st century AD. It grew into a major town and became one of the capitals of theTetrarchyat the end of the 3rd century. Many of the Roman era structures are still standing in Trier. The cathedral is the oldest church in Germany, being built on the ruins of Roman buildings byMaximin of Trierin 329-346. | |
Speyer Cathedral | - | Cultural: (ii) | — | 1981 | TheromanesqueSpeyer Cathedral, was founded by Conrad II in 1030 and remodelled at the end of the 11th century. It was one of the grandest romanesque cathedrals in theHoly Roman Empireand the burial place of German emperors for almost 300 years. | |
St Mary's CathedralandSt Michael's Church at Hildesheim | - | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii) | 0.58 (1.4) | 1985 | The site consists of two churches in Hildesheim. TheOttonianromanesqueSt Michael's Church was built between 1010 and 1020. Inside it is decorated with a notable wooden ceiling, painted stucco-work, and theBernward Column. The treasures of the Romanesque Hildesheim Cathedral contain theBernward Doors, theHezilo chandelier, theAzelin chandelierand other treasures. | |
Town HallandRolandon the Marketplace of Bremen | - | Cultural: (iii), (iv), (vi) | 0.29 (0.72) | 2004 | The site consists of the Town Hall and the statue of Roland that stands near the town hall. The town hall was built in the 15th century when Bremen joined theHanseatic League. It was renovated in the 17th century and a new Town Hall was built nearby in the early 20th. Under theHoly Roman Empire, Bremen had extensive autonomy which allowed the town to grow and made the town hall a center of power. Both the old and new Town Halls survived bombings during World War II. The statue of Roland was built in 1404. It stands 5.5m (18ft) high. | |
Town of Bamberg | - | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 142 (350) | 1993 | In 1007, Bamberg became the center of a dioesce that was intended to help spread Christianity to the Slavs. During the 12th century the Bishops of Bamberg began a program of monumental public construction. The architecture that developed influenced construction in northern Germany and Hungary. In the 18th century it became a center of the Enlightenment when writers such asHegelandHoffmannsettled in the town. | |
Upper Middle Rhine Valley | - | Cultural: (ii), (iv), (v) | 27,250 (67,300) | 2002 | A 65km (40mi) stretch of the Middle Rhine Valley in Germany. The region is home to many castles, historic towns and vineyards and has been an inspirition for many writers, artists and composers. | |
Völklingen Ironworks | - | Cultural: (ii), (iv) | — | 1994 | The recently closed ironworks are the only intact example in western Europe and North America of an intact ironworks built in the 19th and 20th centuries. | |
TheWadden Sea | - | Natural: (viii), (ix), (x) | 968,393 (2,392,950) | 2009 | The Wadden Sea contains the Dutch Wadden Sea Conservation Area and the German Wadden Sea National Parks of Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein. The coast line is generally flat and has may mudflats, marshes and dunes. The site covers two-thirds of the entire Wadden Sea and is home to many plant and animal species. It is a breeding ground for up to 12 millions birds annually and supports more than 10 percent of the population of 29 species. | |
Wartburg Castle | - | Cultural: (iii), (vi) | — | 1999 | Wartburg Castle is located on a 410m (1230ft) precipice above Eisenach. It expanded in several sections and only a few of the medieval structures still remain. The castle was rebuilt in the 19th century to its present appearance.Martin Luthertranslated the New Testament into German while in exile at Wartburg. | |
Würzburg Residencewith the Court Gardens and Residence Square | - | Cultural: (i), (iv) | 15 (37) | 1981 | The large and ornateBaroquepalace was created under the patronage of the prince-bishopsLothar FranzandFriedrich Carl von Schönborn. It is one of the largest palaces in Germany. | |
Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex | - | Cultural: (ii), (iii) | — | 2001 | The Zollverein industrial complex in Nordrhein-Westfalen contains all the equipment of a historic coal mine which started operation about 150 years ago. Some of the 20th century buildings are also notable. |
