栒子屬(學名:Cotoneaster Medik.)是薔薇科下的一屬。該屬植物為落葉、常綠或半常綠灌木,有時為小喬木狀。葉互生,有時成兩列狀,柄短,全緣。花單生,2-3朵或多朵成聚傘花序;萼筒鐘狀、筒狀或陀螺狀;花瓣5,白色、粉紅色或紅色。果實小形梨果狀,紅色、褐紅色至紫黑色,先端有宿存萼片;種子扁平,子葉平凸。
該屬分布在亞洲、歐洲和北非的溫帶地區;主要產地在中國西部和西南部。對土壤要求不嚴,在海拔3500-4000米的高海拔地帶,多是岩石裸露,土層比較淺薄的環境,它都能適應。
栒子屬植物多為灌木或匍匐灌木,用於園林栽培,配置在草坪、花壇、小徑,以及假山旁。有些匍匐散生的種類是點綴岩石園和保護堤岸的良好植物材料。根可藥用。木材堅韌可作手杖及器物柄。
基本介紹
植物學史
形態特徵
產地生境
繁殖方法
種子繁殖
扦插繁殖
下級分類
組系
組 | 系 | 形態特徵 |
---|---|---|
密花組(Sect. Densiflos Yu) | 柳葉系(Ser. Salicifolii Yu) | 常綠或半常綠灌木;葉片革質,下面被絨毛;花瓣白色,開花時平鋪展開;果實紅色,小核2-3稀4。 |
耐寒系(Ser. Frigidi Yu) | 落葉稀半常綠灌木至小喬木;葉片草質,下面無毛或幼時被毛,老時脫落;花瓣白色,開花時平鋪展開;果實紅色,稀紫褐色至黑色,小核2。 | |
疏花組(Sect. Cotoneaster) | 多花系(Ser. Multiflori Pojark.) | 落葉稀半常綠灌木;葉片草質,下面無毛或有絨毛;花瓣白色,在開花時平鋪展開;果實紅色,小核1-2。 |
尖葉系(Ser. Acuminati Yu) | 落葉灌木;葉片草質,下面無毛或具稀疏柔毛;花瓣粉紅色,開花時直立;果實紅色或黑色,小核1-3,稀4-5。 | |
全緣系(Ser. Integerrimi Pojark.) | 落葉至半常綠灌木;葉片草質至近革質,下面密被絨毛或短柔毛;花瓣紅色,開花時直立;果實紅色,稀黑色,小核2-3,稀4-5。 | |
單花組(Sect. Uniflos Yu) | 小葉系(Ser. Microphylli Yu) | 平鋪或矮生常綠灌木;葉片革質;花瓣白色,在開花時平鋪展開;果實紅色,小核2-3,稀4-5。 |
兩列系(Ser. Distichi Yu) | 平鋪或矮生落葉或半常綠灌木;葉片草質;花瓣紅色,開花時直立;果實紅色,稀紫黑色,小核2-3,稀1或4。 |
種
序號 | 中文名稱 | 拉丁學名 |
---|---|---|
1 | Cotoneaster acuminatus Lindl. | |
2 | Cotoneaster acutifolius Turcz. | |
3 | Cotoneaster adpressus Bois | |
4 | Cotoneaster affinis Lindl. | |
5 | Cotoneaster alashanensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
6 | Cotoneaster ambiguus Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg. | |
7 | Cotoneaster apiculatus Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg. | |
8 | Cotoneaster ataensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
9 | Cotoneaster atrovirens J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
10 | Cotoneaster atuntzensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
11 | Cotoneaster aurantiacus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
12 | Cotoneaster beimashanensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
13 | Cotoneaster brickellii J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
14 | Cotoneaster bullatus Bois | |
15 | Cotoneaster buxifolius Wall. ex Lindl. | |
16 | Cotoneaster campanulatus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
17 | Cotoneaster capsicinus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
18 | Cotoneaster cardinalis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
19 | Cotoneaster chengkangensis T. T. Yu | |
20 | Cotoneaster chingshuiensis Kun C. Chang & Chih C. Wang | |
21 | Cotoneaster chuanus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
22 | Cotoneaster chulingensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
23 | Cotoneaster coadunatus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
24 | Cotoneaster conspicuus (Messel) Messel | |
25 | Cotoneaster convexus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
26 | Cotoneaster coriaceus Franch. | |
27 | Cotoneaster daliensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
28 | Cotoneaster dammeri C. K. Schneid. | |
29 | Cotoneaster decandrus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
30 | Cotoneaster declinatus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
31 | Cotoneaster delavayanus G. Klotz | |
32 | Cotoneaster dielsianus E. Pritz. ex Diels | |
33 | Cotoneaster divaricatus Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg. | |
34 | Cotoneaster drogochius J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
35 | Cotoneaster emeiensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
36 | Cotoneaster fangianus T. T. Yu | |
37 | Cotoneaster fastigiatus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
38 | Cotoneaster floridus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
39 | Cotoneaster foveolatus Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg. | |
40 | Cotoneaster franchetii Bois | |
41 | Cotoneaster frigidus Wall. ex Lindl. | |
42 | Cotoneaster fruticosus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
43 | Cotoneaster glabratus Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg. | |
44 | Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Franch. | |
45 | Cotoneaster glomerulatus W. W. Sm. | |
46 | Cotoneaster gonggashanensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
47 | Cotoneaster gracilis Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg. | |
48 | Cotoneaster harrovianus E. H. Wilson | |
49 | Cotoneaster harrysmithii Flinck & B. Hylmö | |
50 | Cotoneaster hebephyllus Diels | |
51 | Cotoneaster hersianus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
52 | Cotoneaster hillieri J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
53 | Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. | |
54 | Cotoneaster huahongdongensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
55 | Cotoneaster hualienensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
56 | Cotoneaster hypocarpus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
57 | Cotoneaster ichangensis G. Klotz | |
58 | Cotoneaster ignescens J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
59 | Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik. | |
60 | Cotoneaster kangdingensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
61 | Cotoneaster kansuensis G. Klotz | |
62 | Cotoneaster kaschkarovii Pojark. | |
63 | Cotoneaster kingdonii J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
64 | Cotoneaster kitaibelii J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
65 | Cotoneaster kuanensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
66 | Cotoneaster lancasteri J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
67 | Cotoneaster langei G. Klotz | |
68 | Cotoneaster latifolius J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
69 | Cotoneaster leveillei J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
70 | Cotoneaster marroninus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
71 | Cotoneaster melanocarpus Lodd., G. Lodd. & W. Lodd. | |
72 | Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. ex Lindl. | |
73 | Cotoneaster mongolicus Pojark. | |
74 | Cotoneaster morrisonensis Hayata | |
75 | Cotoneaster moupinensis Franch. | |
76 | Cotoneaster multiflorus Bunge in Ledeb. | |
77 | Cotoneaster naninitens J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
78 | Cotoneaster nantouensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
79 | Cotoneaster naoujanensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
80 | Cotoneaster nitens Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg. | |
81 | Cotoneaster nitidifolius C. Marquand | |
82 | Cotoneaster nitidus Jacq. | |
83 | Cotoneaster nohelii J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
84 | Cotoneaster obscurus Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg. | |
85 | Cotoneaster ogisui J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
86 | Cotoneaster oliganthus Pojark. | |
87 | Cotoneaster omissus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
88 | Cotoneaster pannosus Franch. | |
89 | Cotoneaster poluninii G. Klotz | |
90 | Cotoneaster pseudo-obscurus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
91 | Cotoneaster purpurascens J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
92 | Cotoneaster qungbixiensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
93 | Cotoneaster reticulatus Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg. | |
94 | Cotoneaster rhytidophyllus Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg. | |
95 | Cotoneaster rosiflorus K. C. Chang & F. Y. Lu | |
96 | Cotoneaster rotundifolius Wall. ex Lindl. | |
97 | Cotoneaster rubens W. W. Sm. | |
98 | Cotoneaster salicifolius Franch. | |
99 | Cotoneaster sanguineus T. T. Yu | |
100 | Cotoneaster schantungensis G. Klotz | |
101 | Cotoneaster shannanensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
102 | Cotoneaster sherriffii G. Klotz | |
103 | Cotoneaster silvestrii Pamp. | |
104 | Cotoneaster soongoricus (Regel & Herder) Popov | |
105 | Cotoneaster spongbergii J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
106 | Cotoneaster subadpressus T. T. Yu | |
107 | Cotoneaster submultiflorus Popov | |
108 | Cotoneaster svenhedinii J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
109 | Cotoneaster taiwanensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
110 | Cotoneaster tanpaensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
111 | Cotoneaster taofuensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
112 | Cotoneaster taylorii T. T. Yu | |
113 | Cotoneaster teijiashanensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
114 | Cotoneaster tenuipes Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg. | |
115 | Cotoneaster tripyrenus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
116 | Cotoneaster tsarongensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
117 | Cotoneaster turbinatus Craib | |
118 | Cotoneaster undulatus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
119 | Cotoneaster uniflorus Bunge in Ledeb. | |
120 | Cotoneaster vandelaarii J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
121 | Cotoneaster verruculosus Diels | |
122 | Cotoneaster wanbooyenensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
123 | Cotoneaster wanshanensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
124 | Cotoneaster wardii W. W. Sm. | |
125 | Cotoneaster yinchangensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
126 | Cotoneaster yui J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
127 | Cotoneaster yulingkongensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö | |
128 | Cotoneaster zabelii C. K. Schneid. | |
註:截至2023年,《中國生物物種名錄2023版》收錄中國分布的栒子屬植物128種。 |
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