在語境中教語言

內容介紹

《在語境中教語言》是專為外語教師及準教師編寫的一部關於外語教學基本理論及實踐方法的綜合性指導書籍。外語教學是一個包羅萬象的領域。它不僅牽涉到對於語言屬性、語言能力等語言學基本概念的界定，對於人類學習規律特別是外語學習過程的認識等心理學分支領域，而且還涉及到對於教育哲學及教學規律的理解。

從以上簡單的分析我們可以清楚地看到，“語境”的概念對於外語教學的定位是何等重要。《在語境中教語言》涵蓋的內容也和其他同類書籍差不多：從語言能力的界定到外語學習的規律，從外語教學的原則和方法到四種基本技能的培養，從語言的文化背景到語言測試的設計，再到課堂教學的實施。這些話題都是外語教師們十分熟悉的。然而，正如它的標題——“在語境中教語言”明確提示的那樣，書中探討的是具體使用情境中的語言和語言教學的上述相關層面。換言之，“語境”是《在語境中教語言》探討問題的前提，也是貫穿全書的一條基本線索。這一特徵又使得《在語境中教語言》與其他同類書籍十分不同，它極大地提高了《在語境中教語言》的實用價值，拉近了這部著作與一線外語教師間的距離。作者的獨具匠心之處也在於此。

作品目錄

導讀 Preface Acknowledgments 1 On Knowing a Language Introduction Defining Language Proficiency Proficiency and Language Acquisition Theory Some Research Findings about Oral Proficiency Issues in Language Proficiency Assessment: Caveats, Clarifications, and New Directions Defining the Content of Instruction: The Standards for Foreign Language Learning Summary: On Knowing a Language Activities for Review and Discussion References 2 On Learning a Language Introduction Exploring Theories of Language Learning The Role of Individual Learner Factors in Second-Language Learning Relating Theory to Practice: Some Considerations Summary: On Learning a Language Activities for Review and Discussion References 3 On Teaching a Language Orienting Instruction toward Proficiency The Proficiency Orientation of Existing Methodologies: A Preliminary Appraisal Three "Traditional" Methods Reactions to Audiolingualism: Two Mentalist Perspectives A Functional Approach: Communicative Language Teaching Modem Adaptations of the Direct Method Humanistic Approaches to Language Teaching Summary:. On Teaching a Language Activities for Review and Discussion References 4 The Role of Context in Comprehension and Learning The Importance of Context and Background Knowledge in the Comprehension Process: Some Theoretical Considerations Research on the Role of Context in Comprehension The Role of Computers in Providing Richer Contexts for Language Learning Integrating Language and Content: Immersion and Content-Based Instruction Summary: The Role of Context in Comprehension and Learning Activities for Review and Discussion References 5 A Proficiency-Oriented Approach to Listening and Reading A Rationale for Teaching Listening and Reading Similarities in Listening and Reading Differences between Spoken and Written Discourse Integrating Listening, Reading, and the Productive Skills: The Vision of the Standards for Foreign Language Learning Teaching Listening Comprehension Sample Formats for Listening Comprehension Teaching Reading Comprehension Sample Formats for Reading Comprehension Summary: A Proficiency-Oriented Approach to Listening and Reading Activities for Review and Discussion References 6 Developing Oral Proficiency The Nature of Interlanguage Planning Instruction for the Development of Oral Proficiency Responding to the Learner Summary: Developing Oral Proficiency Activities for Review and Discussion References 7 Becoming Proficient in Writing Approaches to Teaching Writing at the Lower Levels of Proficiency Expressive Writing at the Intermediate and Advanced Levels: Approaches to Teaching the Composing Process Summary: Becoming Proficient in Writing Activities for Review and Discussion References 8 Teaching for Cultural Understanding Introduction Problems in the Teaching of Culture Definitions, Models, Inventories, and Frameworks: Capturing the Essence of "Culture" Strategies for Teaching Culture Summary: Teaching for Cultural Understanding Activities for Review and Discussion References 9 Classroom Testing Introduction The Case for Hybrid Classroom Tests Characteristics of Test Items and Item Types Listening Comprehension Formats Reading Comprehension Formats Writing and Mixed-Skills Formats Guidelines for Creating Contextualized Paper-and-Pencil Tests Testing Oral Skills Summary: Classroom Testing Appendix Activities for Review and Discussion References Epilogue Planning Instruction for the Proficiency-Oriented Classroom Setting Goals for a Proficiency-Oriented Program Guidelines for Planning Lessons Increasing Focus on Students' Interests In Conclusion Activities for Review and Discussion References Appendix A ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines--Speaking Revised 1999 Appendix B Sample Foreign Language Media Evaluation Criteria Appendix C Samples of Error Coding Procedures for Written Work Text PermissionsIndex

在語境中教語言

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