基本介紹
- 中文名：區位優勢與自我增強
- 外文名：Regional Advantage and Self-Strengthening
- 近代：開埠之後
- 中國沿海：港口體系發生很大變化
- 相鄰港口：空間關係也隨之改變
中文摘要,外文摘要,
中文摘要
近代開埠之後，中國沿海的港口體系發生很大變化，相鄰港口之間的空間關係也隨之改變，上海港和寧波港就是其中非常典型的港口。宋元明清時期，寧波港是長三角港口體系中最重要的港口，清中葉之後上海港開始崛起。近代兩港幾乎同時開埠通商，但上海港發展迅速，寧波港則逐漸成為上海港的支線港。那么兩港的空間關係是如何演變的，演變的原因是什麼，這是本文希望解決的兩大問題。 文章首先從三個層面對兩港的空間關係進行考察。其一，從歷史的長時段看，長三角的首位港口從三角洲的兩翼(唐代的揚州、宋元明清的寧波)向中心(上海)轉移，在近代形成“一體(上海港)兩翼(寧波港、鎮江港...>> 詳細
近代開埠之後，中國沿海的港口體系發生很大變化，相鄰港口之間的空間關係也隨之改變，上海港和寧波港就是其中非常典型的港口。宋元明清時期，寧波港是長三角港口體系中最重要的港口，清中葉之後上海港開始崛起。近代兩港幾乎同時開埠通商，但上海港發展迅速，寧波港則逐漸成為上海港的支線港。那么兩港的空間關係是如何演變的，演變的原因是什麼，這是本文希望解決的兩大問題。 文章首先從三個層面對兩港的空間關係進行考察。其一，從歷史的長時段看，長三角的首位港口從三角洲的兩翼(唐代的揚州、宋元明清的寧波)向中心(上海)轉移，在近代形成“一體(上海港)兩翼(寧波港、鎮江港)”的格局。其二，從兩港的發展態勢看，開埠之前的寧波港是朝貢貿易體系中的一個重要港口，西歐商人也積極尋求在寧波通商，港口的發展態勢是外向化的，上海港主要以國內貿易為主，其發展態勢是內向化的。開埠之後，隨著貿易網路的變化，上海港成為國際性的大港，寧波港的進出口大多通過上海港中轉，其發展態勢趨於內向化。其三，從港口分工看，上海港成為遠東地區的樞紐港之一，而寧波港成為上海港的支線港。 接著，文章從自然條件、陸向海向腹地、臨港集聚和港口制度四個方面進行原因分析。與前人或者強調區位優勢或者重視歷史、經濟、制度等不同，文章嘗試運用“區位優勢-自我增強”的思路來分析兩港空間關係演變的原因。由於擁有區位優勢，上海港的發展起點就比較高，逐漸形成臨港集聚。之後雖遇到種種困難，特別是進港航道水深不足對上海港的發展是致命的，但是臨港集聚一經形成，就會產生集聚效應，進而形成自我增強機制，航道的疏浚、鐵路的興建、租界和港口管理制度的創新等都是自我增強的生動體現。這時，最初的區位條件和集聚效應相比，己不再那么重要了，在上海集聚了太多人的利益，這種聚集優勢最終使上海港在自我增強中不斷發展，只有戰爭使它的發展步伐稍稍減緩。 近代寧波港和上海港同時開埠，港口的歷史積澱也比上海港深厚，但是由於缺少區位優勢，大量資源向上海港集中，港口的自我增強能力不足，導致港口發展不快，最終成為上海港的支線港。 關鍵字：上海港 寧波港 空間關係 區位優勢 自我增強
外文摘要
Shanghai Port and Ningbo Port are the two most important ports in the port system of the Yangtze Delta. In Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasites, Ningbo Port played a core role in the port system of the Yangtze Delta, while Shanghai Port grew up to dominate in mid-Qing dynasty The two ports ware opened to world almost at the same time in the early modern China, and Shanghai Port developed rapidly while Ningbo Port gradually became its feeder port. Then what did the space relations turn into betw...>> 詳細
Shanghai Port and Ningbo Port are the two most important ports in the port system of the Yangtze Delta. In Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasites, Ningbo Port played a core role in the port system of the Yangtze Delta, while Shanghai Port grew up to dominate in mid-Qing dynasty The two ports ware opened to world almost at the same time in the early modern China, and Shanghai Port developed rapidly while Ningbo Port gradually became its feeder port. Then what did the space relations turn into between the ports, and what is the reason for this evolution? These are the two issues the thesis hopes to solve. First of all, the thesis carries on an investigation of the space relations between the two ports in three aspects. First, from the long segment of history, the primate port of the Yangtze Delta transferred from the wings(Yangzhou in Tang dynasty and Ningbo in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties) to the centre(Shanghai), so the "one main port(Shanghai Port) with two feeder ports(Ningbo Port and Zhenjiang Port)" pattern was formed in the modern China. Second, from the development of the two ports, the European traders were in the active pursuit of trade with Ningbo Port, which played an important role in the system of tributary trade before 1840, so its development was extroverted. At that time the domestic trade was mainly done in Shanghai Port, so its development was introverted. After 1840, Shanghai Port grew into an international port along with the variety of trade network. The import and export of Ningbo Port were transferred through Shanghai Port, so Ningbo Port changed to be introverted. Third, from a division of ports' function, Shanghai Port developed into one of the vital point ports in the Far East, while Ningbo Port became the feeder port of Shanghai Port. After that, the thesis carries on the reason analysis in four aspects: natural condition, the hinterland-foreland, port-centered cluster and institution. Different from the past research, which might emphasize on the regional advantage or the difference of history, economy and institution, the thesis tries to analyze the reasons for the evolution of the two ports' space relations by "regional advantage and self-strengthening". Due to regional advantage, Shanghai Port had a higher starting point, which gradually formed the pattern of "port-centered cluster". Although meeting various difficulties, especially the slit of channel, which was fatal to the developments of Shanghai Port. As soon as "port-centered cluster" formed, it would produce gathering effect, then came to build up a mechanism of self-strengthening. The dredges of channel, the build of railway and the innovation of foreign concessions and port management institution were the vivid examples of self-strengthening. At this time, the regional condition had been no longer so important compared with this cluster effect. So many benefits of business and industry had been gathered in Shanghai, and this kind of advantage made Shanghai Port developed continuously with the effect of "self-strengthening", only slightly slowed down by the war. Ningbo Port opened at the same time with Shanghai Port in the modern age, also having a longer history. But due to the shortage of regional advantage, a great deal of resources were concentrated to Shanghai Port, and a lack of self-strengthening ability led to the slow growth of Ningbo Port, which finally turned to be the feeder port of Shanghai Port. Key words: Shanghai Port; Ningbo Port; space relations; regional advantage; self-strengthening
