2008汶川大地震——一場災難的紀實（英文版）

內容簡介

The Wenchuan Earthquake of 2008 Anatomy of a Disaster gives a detailed account of the damage, seismology and tectonics of the event and discusses earthquake prediction, seismic hazard and risk management, the creation and implementation of building codes, and new practices used in rescue,relief and reconstruction. It will be of significant interest to researchers and practitioners engaged in seismology, geophysics, engineering, the social sciences, and disaster management and recovery. It also offers a valuable new and unique Chinese perspective with many insights for future mitigation of earthquake risk.

圖書目錄

1 The Wenchuan earthquake 001

1.1 Intensity map and damage distribution 005

Intensity map 005

Intensity XI and X zones 011

Strong motion records 015

General trend of earthquake damage 017

1.2 Death toll and economic losses 018

Demography and death toll 018

GDP losses 019

Hardest hit area 021

“Quick and approximate” estimation of casualties 026

1.3 Earthquake damage to buildings 028

Damage to buildings according to structural type 029

Damage to buildings according to age 033

Damage to buildings according to use 034

Lessons learned 036

1.4 Earthquake damage to lifelines 039

Transportation 039

Railway systems 046

Electricity， water supply， sewage and telecommunication 048

“Quake lakes” 052

1.5 Secondary disasters: landslides and rock falls 055

Geomorphology of Wenchuan region 055

Giant landslides 062

Mud flows 064

Rock falls 066

References 069

2 Seismological features 070

2.1 Seismic source parameters for the mainshock 072

Source parameters 072

Focal mechanism 073

Rupture process 077

Co-seismic deformation 080

2.2 Historical earthquakes and aftershocks 084

Historical earthquakes 084

Aftershocks 088

2.3 Geophysical investigations before the earthquake 093

North-South seismic belt 093

Bouguer gravity anomalies 095

Crustal thickness 096

Low-velocity zones 102

2.4 Tectonic setting of Wenchuan earthquake 104

Tibetan Plateau 104

Longmenshan 107

An intracontinental thrust fault 111

Weak crustal layer 113

2.5 Seismic waves generated by earthquake 115

Seismic waves circle the Earth 115

Ground motion felt at Beijing 116

Comparison with waves generated by Tangshan earthquake of 1976 118

References 120

3 Prediction efforts prior to the Wenchuan earthquake 122

3.1 Earthquake monitoring system in China 124

National earthquake monitoring network 124

Other geophysical observations 127

Data processing and analysis procedures 127

3.2 Prediction efforts prior to the Wenchuan earthquake 130

Seismic network of 300 seismometers 132

Big shock， small GPS displacement 132

Seismicity pattern 134

Precursor anomalies 137

3.3 Development of earthquake prediction research in China 140

Severe earthquake disasters in China 140

Organized efforts for earthquake prediction (1966) 143

China Earthquake Administration (CEA) /144

Haicheng earthquake prediction 146

Earthquake Act 150

3.4 Future prospects for earthquake prediction 152

Realistic public expectation of earthquake prediction 152

Why is the prediction effort so persistent？ 156

From prediction to mitigation 158

References 159

4 Seismic hazard and risk assessment 160

4.1 Seismic hazard assessment 161

1957—First intensity zoning map of China 163

1977 intensity zoning map of China 163

1990 intensity zoning map of China 164

2001—Latest hazard map of China 165

4.2 Building code 167

Building code (TJ11-78)—effective 1979-1990 168

Building code (GBJ11-89)—effective 1991-2001 170

Building code (GB50011-2001) 170

Importance of complying with the seismic design code 170

4.3 Risk management 172

Quantification of disaster 172

Fortification standards should be increased 174

Earthquake-safe Rural Housing Demonstrations 176

4.4 Did the reservoir impoundment trigger the Wenchuan earthquake？ 180

References 184

5 Emergency response and rescue 186

5.1 People-oriented rescue principle 188

Immediate top level government response 188

So long as there was hope， they would never give up 190

Respect for life 196

5.2 Open and transparent relief information 199

Timely， open and transparent information 199

International relief 201

Rescue efforts 204

5.3 The breadth and diversity of donors 206

Donations from countries and regions 206

Donations from NGOs 209

The breadth and diversity of donors 211

5.4 Voluntary contributions 213

An individual voluntary response 215

Rewards of voluntary work 216

Medical volunteers 217

Importance of psychological assistance 218

References 221

6 Reconstruction of Wenchuan 222

6.1 Outline of reconstruction 223

Overall planning 224

Reconstruction objectives 226

Reconstruction funds 227

6.2 Counterpart assistance 229

New mechanism of post-earthquake reconstruction 230

From counterpart assistance to counterpart cooperation 234

6.3 Solid schools， sweet hopes 235

Schools in reconstruction 235

Hospitals and other public facilities 238

6.4 New Wenchuan after the earthquake 241

All be housed 241

Life goes on 242

The main lessons of the earthquake 245

References 247

Appendices 248

Appendix 1 Significant events of Wenchuan earthquake 248

Appendix 2 Wenchuan earthquake sequence catalog 258

Appendix 3 Law of the People’s Republic of China on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters 266

Appendix 4 Th

2008汶川大地震——一場災難的紀實（英文版）

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