基本介紹
- 書名：鵝媽媽童謠集
- 類別：童謠集
- 外文名：Mother Goose
簡介,內容摘錄,主要影響,其它,
簡介
關於真正的鵝媽媽童謠集究竟應該包含哪些歌謠，歷來說法不一，事實上也不可能有一個真正的定論，因為隨著歷史的推進，鵝媽媽童罪道謠集的版本也不斷改變。儘管經常被當作英國特色的典範，鵝媽媽童謠集最早並不是英國人的作品。1697年，法國作家佩羅出版了一本由八個民間故事組成的小冊子，並將它命名為Contes de ma mère l'Oye（Tales of Mother Goose）。這些故事於1729年被翻譯成英文。在這之後，一個英國人John Newbery發現元符膠出版類似的面向兒童市場的小冊子利潤可觀，於是他和同伴決定合作整理並出版一本民間流傳的童謠合輯。於是在1791年，鵝媽媽童謠集（Mother Goose's Melody）在英國正式出版，收錄了52首小詩，每一首都配有寓意和木版畫的插圖。1791年這一版本現在已經是非常難得的珍品了。辨乎循此後出現過各種新的版本蜜鞏少，集子中收錄的童謠數量也不斷增長，這些童謠產生的時間跨度達幾百年之久，有些甚至可以追溯到十四世紀。
鵝媽媽童謠集
多巴笑束年以來，作為傳統的幼兒睡前讀物，鵝媽媽童謠夜糠漏臘集中那些朗朗上口的歌謠船朽詢凳已經成為許多英國人精神文化深處的一部分，其影響難以估價。正像《黑麥奇案》中馬普爾小姐說的：
“如果一個人是聽鵝媽媽的童謠長大的——那可就意味深長了，不是嗎？”
內容摘錄
TWEEDLE-DUM AND TWEEDLE-DEE
Tweedle-dum and Tweedle-dee
Resolved to have a battle,
For Tweedle-dum said Tweedle-dee
Had spoiled his nice new rattle.
Just then flew by a monstrous crow,
As big as a tar barrel,
Which frightened both the heroes so,
They quite forgot their quarrel.
THREE BLIND MICE
Three blind mice! See how they run!
They all ran after the farmer's wife,
Who cut off their tails with a carving knife.
Did you ever see such a thing in your life
As three blind mice?
HUMPTY DUMPTY
Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall,
Humpty Dumpty had a great fall;
All the King's horses, and all the King's men
Cannot put Humpty Dumpty in his place again.
THE LION AND THE UNICORN
The Lion and the Unicorn were fighting for the crown,
The Lion beat the Unicorn all around the town.
Some gave them white bread, and some gave them brown,
Some gave them plum-cake, and sent them out of town.
SING A SONG OF SIXPENCE
Sing a song of sixpence,
A pocket full of rye;
Four-and-twenty blackbirds
Baked in a pie!
When the pie was opened
The birds began to sing;
Was not that a dainty dish
To set before the king?
The king was in his counting-house,
Counting out his money;
The queen was in the parlor,
Eating bread and honey.
The maid was in the garden,
Hanging out the clothes;
When down came a blackbird
And snapped off her nose.
THE DEATH AND BURIAL OF POOR COCK ROBIN
Who killed Cock Robin?
"I," said the sparrow,
"With my little bow and arrow,
I killed Cock Robin,"
Who saw him die?
"I," said the fly,
"With my little eye,
I saw him die."
Who caught his blood?
"I," said the fish,
"With my little dish,
I caught his blood."
Who'll make his shroud?
"I," said the beetle,
"With my thread and needle.
I'll make his shroud."
Who'll carry the torch?
"I," said the linnet,
"I'll come in a minute,
I'll carry the torch."
Who'll be the clerk?
"I," said the lark,
"If it's not in the dark,
I'll be the clerk."
Who'll dig his grave?
"I," said the owl,
"With my spade and trowel
I'll dig his grave."
Who'll be the parson?
"I," said the rook,
"With my little book,
I'll be the parson."
Who'll be chief mourner?
"I," said the dove,
"I mourn for my love,
I'll be chief mourner."
Who'll sing a psalm?
"I," said the thrush,
"As I sit in a bush.
I'll sing a psalm."
Who'll carry the coffin?
"I," said the kite,
"If it's not in the night,
I'll carry the coffin."
Who'll toll the bell?
"I," said the bull,
"Because I can pull,
I'll toll the bell."
All the birds of the air
Fell sighing and sobbing,
When they heard the bell toll
For poor Cock Robin.
My mother has killed me
My mother has killed me,
My father is eating me,
My brothers and sisters sit under the table,
Picking up my bones,
And they bury them
under the cold marble stones.
媽媽殺了我、
爸爸吃了我，
兄妹們從桌下揀起我的骨，
埋在冰冷的石墓里。
There Was A Man, A Very Untidy Man
There was a man, a very untidy man,
Whose fingers could nowhere be found
to put in his tomb.
He had rolled his head far underneath the bed;
He had left legs and arms lying all over the room.
死了一個男子，
一個沒出息的男子，
懶得動手把他埋在墳墓里。
頭滾落在床下，
四肢散亂的在房間裡
Lizzie Borden Took An Axe
Lizzie Borden took an axe,
Hit her father forty whacks.
When she saw what she had done,
She hit her mother forty-one.
麗茲玻頓拿起斧頭，
砍了爸爸四十下。
當她意識到她做了什麼，
她砍她媽媽四十一下。
(這首據說是根據真實故事改編的)
What are little boys made of
What are little boys made of ?
Frogs and snails
And puppy-dogs' tails,
What are little girls made of ?
Suger and spice
And all that's nice.
小男孩是由什麼做的？
青蛙和蝸牛
還有小狗的尾巴
小女孩是由什麼做的？
糖和香料
都是那么的美好呀
十個小黑人出外用膳
Ten little nigger boys went out to dine;
One choked his little self, and then there were nine.
Nine little nigger boys sat up very late;
One overslept himself, and then there were eight.
Eight little nigger boys travelling in Devon;
One said he'd stay there, and then there were seven.
Seven little nigger boys chopping up sticks;
One chopped himself in half, and then there were six.
Six little nigger boys playing with a hive;
A bumble-bee stung one, and then there were five.
Five little nigger boys going in for law;
One got in chancery, and then there were four.
Four little nigger boys going out to sea;
A red herring swallowed one, and then there were three.
Three little nigger boys walking in the Zoo;
A big bear bugged one, and then there were two.
Two little nigger boys sitting in the sun;
One got frizzled up, and then there was one.
One little nigger boy living all alone;
He got married, and then there were none
(另一版本結尾為：He went out and hanged himself and then there were none）
十個小黑人出外用膳；
一個噎死還剩九個。
九個小黑人熬夜到很晚；
一個睡過頭還剩八個。
八個小黑人在到丹文遊玩；
一個說要留在那兒還剩七個。
七個小黑人在砍柴；
一個把自己砍成兩半還剩六個。
六個小黑人玩蜂窩；
一隻黃蜂叮住一個還剩五個。
五個小黑人進入法院；
一個被留下還剩四個。
四個小黑人到海邊；
一條紅鯡魚吞下一個還剩三個。
三個小黑人走進動物園裡；
一隻大熊抓走一個還剩兩個。
兩個小黑人坐在太陽下；
一個熱死只剩一個。
一個小黑人孤獨一個人；
他結婚後一個也不剩。
（他上吊後一個也不剩。）
Solomon Grundy
Solomon Grundy,
Born on a Monday,
Christened on Tuesday,
Married on Wednesday,
Took ill on Thursday,
Worse on Friday,
Died on Saturday,
Buried on Sunday.
This is the end
Of Solomon Grundy.
所羅門.格蘭蒂
月曜日出生
火曜日受洗禮
水曜日結婚
木曜日得病
金曜日病加重
土曜日死去
日曜日被埋在土裡
這就是所羅門.格蘭蒂的一生
Do Your Ears Hang Low
Do your ears hang low?
Do they wobble to and fro?
Can you tie ’em in a knot?
Can you tie ’em in a bow?
Can you throw ’em over your shoulder
Like a continental soldier?
Do your ears hang low?
你是否垂耳傾聽？
他們是否搖擺不定？
你能否將他們打進一個結中？
你能否將他們系進一張弓中？
你能否將他們從肩頭擲出
就像一個步兵？
你是否垂耳傾聽？
The Cats Went Out To Serenade
The cats went out to serenade
And on a banjo sweetly played;
And summer nights they climbed a tree
And sand, "My love, oh, come to me!"
貓兒們出去歌唱小夜曲，
用一台班卓琴美妙演奏；
在這夏夜它們爬上了樹，
唱著：“吾愛，喔，來我懷抱！”
Come To The Window
Come to the window,
My baby, with me,
And look at the stars
That shine on the sea!
There are two little stars
That play bo-peep
With two little fish
Far down in the deep;
And two little frogs
Cry "Neap, neap, neap;"
I see a dear baby
That should be asleep.
來窗邊，
我的寶貝，和我一起，
看看繁星，
閃耀在海上。
有兩顆小星星，
他們玩躲貓貓
和兩條小魚兒
遠在深海里；
兩隻小青蛙，
叫著：“小潮，小潮，小潮；”
我看見一個親愛的寶貝
他該睡覺了
主要影響
阿加莎·克里斯蒂的偵探小說中經常出現鵝媽媽童謠集裡的歌謠，有時甚至直接拿來作書名，如在《黑麥奇案（A pocket full of rye）》的書名直接取自在書中占核心地位的歌謠Sing a song of sixpence。
雷歐幻像（LEON IMAGE WORKS）的《査理九世（Charlie IX & Dodomo）》的第一冊《黑貝街的亡靈》也引用過鵝媽媽童謠中《杜松樹之歌》、《十個小黑人》這些童謠，讓讀者更喜愛這一系列善惡未知的傳奇故事。
劉易斯·卡羅爾的童話《愛麗絲漫遊奇境記》與《愛麗絲鏡中世界奇遇記》中也有很多地方與鵝媽媽童謠集密切相連，《愛麗絲鏡中世界奇遇記》尤甚，裡面的很多角色如TWEEDLE-DUM和TWEEDLE-DEE這對雙胞胎、Humptydumpty、獅子和獨角獸（Lion and the Unicorn），都出自童謠里的故事。
更多的中國年輕讀者則可能是從由貴香織里筆下知道鵝媽媽童謠集的。以創作華麗陰暗作品著稱的由貴香織里，她的13卷漫畫《毒伯爵該隱》中引用了許多鵝媽媽童謠中的歌謠，以此來渲染那種維多利亞式的氣息。然而有一點經常被人誤會：《毒伯爵該隱》中引用的那些陰暗的童謠並不都是出自鵝媽媽童謠集，很多是出自格林兄弟收集的德國民謠；而出自鵝媽媽童謠集的部分也有很多被用在與原作風格相當不符的場合，比如書中某幅該隱坐在破碎的蛋中的扉頁圖，配的文字“蛋打破了/蛋打破了/國王的全部人馬/也不能再將其修補”出自鵝媽媽中的童謠Humptydumpty。Humptydumpty是什麼人？從那幅唯美的扉頁來看，也許有人會對其抱有比較美麗的猜測，然而……Humptydumpty其實是英國傳說中的一個大胖子，之所以會被譯成“蛋”，是因為他的身體已經胖到了和雞蛋同一形狀……
其它
西方媒體2004年3月1日報導，一個叫克里斯.羅伯茨的英國人寫了一本名為《輕鬆拋棄沉悶文字》的書，論證出很多英國古老兒歌並不純潔，王室醜聞、宗教仇恨、暴力兇殺、色情金錢交易等充斥於歌詞之中。
羅伯茨在新書里表示：“那時沒有專門寫給孩子唱的童謠，大人整天哼著自己編的或者當時流行的小調，孩子們耳濡目染，也就學會了；有些家長故意以當時的‘新聞’為歌詞，再配上上口的調子，用這種形式給孩子們講故事，哄他們睡覺，所以宗教、性、金錢和醜聞成為兒歌的主題並不稀奇。” 的歌謠如何“隱晦地帶有不良信息”，其中一個例子說的是著名的《傑克和吉爾上山去》，羅伯茨認為，這首歌的歌詞表面上看說的是一個男孩和一個女孩上山挑水，而實際上則是講一對少年男女偷嘗禁果，女孩可能因此懷孕了，她覺得非常後悔。
羅伯茨指出，在英國都鐸王朝到斯圖亞特王朝時期，英國內戰爆發，宮廷醜聞不斷傳出。由書中舉出了不少例子，分析那些膾炙人口於人們被勒令不得公開談論這些事件，只得把這些事編成兒歌，結果被一代又一代的孩子們傳唱至今。例如，描寫倫敦風情的《橘子和檸檬》、影射瑪麗女王一世的《瑪麗瑪麗很矛盾》、暗指白金漢公爵的《喬治.波吉》等許多著名兒歌都是在這兩大王朝期間產生的，這階段的兒歌內容隱晦，但是旋律動人，歌詞琅琅上口，因而流傳很廣。
作曲家拉威爾更是以《鵝媽媽童謠》為靈感來源，寫出了《鵝媽媽組曲》。
All the King's horses, and all the King's men
Cannot put Humpty Dumpty in his place again.
THE LION AND THE UNICORN
The Lion and the Unicorn were fighting for the crown,
The Lion beat the Unicorn all around the town.
Some gave them white bread, and some gave them brown,
Some gave them plum-cake, and sent them out of town.
SING A SONG OF SIXPENCE
Sing a song of sixpence,
A pocket full of rye;
Four-and-twenty blackbirds
Baked in a pie!
When the pie was opened
The birds began to sing;
Was not that a dainty dish
To set before the king?
The king was in his counting-house,
Counting out his money;
The queen was in the parlor,
Eating bread and honey.
The maid was in the garden,
Hanging out the clothes;
When down came a blackbird
And snapped off her nose.
THE DEATH AND BURIAL OF POOR COCK ROBIN
Who killed Cock Robin?
"I," said the sparrow,
"With my little bow and arrow,
I killed Cock Robin,"
Who saw him die?
"I," said the fly,
"With my little eye,
I saw him die."
Who caught his blood?
"I," said the fish,
"With my little dish,
I caught his blood."
Who'll make his shroud?
"I," said the beetle,
"With my thread and needle.
I'll make his shroud."
Who'll carry the torch?
"I," said the linnet,
"I'll come in a minute,
I'll carry the torch."
Who'll be the clerk?
"I," said the lark,
"If it's not in the dark,
I'll be the clerk."
Who'll dig his grave?
"I," said the owl,
"With my spade and trowel
I'll dig his grave."
Who'll be the parson?
"I," said the rook,
"With my little book,
I'll be the parson."
Who'll be chief mourner?
"I," said the dove,
"I mourn for my love,
I'll be chief mourner."
Who'll sing a psalm?
"I," said the thrush,
"As I sit in a bush.
I'll sing a psalm."
Who'll carry the coffin?
"I," said the kite,
"If it's not in the night,
I'll carry the coffin."
Who'll toll the bell?
"I," said the bull,
"Because I can pull,
I'll toll the bell."
All the birds of the air
Fell sighing and sobbing,
When they heard the bell toll
For poor Cock Robin.
My mother has killed me
My mother has killed me,
My father is eating me,
My brothers and sisters sit under the table,
Picking up my bones,
And they bury them
under the cold marble stones.
媽媽殺了我、
爸爸吃了我，
兄妹們從桌下揀起我的骨，
埋在冰冷的石墓里。
There Was A Man, A Very Untidy Man
There was a man, a very untidy man,
Whose fingers could nowhere be found
to put in his tomb.
He had rolled his head far underneath the bed;
He had left legs and arms lying all over the room.
死了一個男子，
一個沒出息的男子，
懶得動手把他埋在墳墓里。
頭滾落在床下，
四肢散亂的在房間裡
Lizzie Borden Took An Axe
Lizzie Borden took an axe,
Hit her father forty whacks.
When she saw what she had done,
She hit her mother forty-one.
麗茲玻頓拿起斧頭，
砍了爸爸四十下。
當她意識到她做了什麼，
她砍她媽媽四十一下。
(這首據說是根據真實故事改編的)
What are little boys made of
What are little boys made of ?
Frogs and snails
And puppy-dogs' tails,
What are little girls made of ?
Suger and spice
And all that's nice.
小男孩是由什麼做的？
青蛙和蝸牛
還有小狗的尾巴
小女孩是由什麼做的？
糖和香料
都是那么的美好呀
十個小黑人出外用膳
Ten little nigger boys went out to dine;
One choked his little self, and then there were nine.
Nine little nigger boys sat up very late;
One overslept himself, and then there were eight.
Eight little nigger boys travelling in Devon;
One said he'd stay there, and then there were seven.
Seven little nigger boys chopping up sticks;
One chopped himself in half, and then there were six.
Six little nigger boys playing with a hive;
A bumble-bee stung one, and then there were five.
Five little nigger boys going in for law;
One got in chancery, and then there were four.
Four little nigger boys going out to sea;
A red herring swallowed one, and then there were three.
Three little nigger boys walking in the Zoo;
A big bear bugged one, and then there were two.
Two little nigger boys sitting in the sun;
One got frizzled up, and then there was one.
One little nigger boy living all alone;
He got married, and then there were none
(另一版本結尾為：He went out and hanged himself and then there were none）
十個小黑人出外用膳；
一個噎死還剩九個。
九個小黑人熬夜到很晚；
一個睡過頭還剩八個。
八個小黑人在到丹文遊玩；
一個說要留在那兒還剩七個。
七個小黑人在砍柴；
一個把自己砍成兩半還剩六個。
六個小黑人玩蜂窩；
一隻黃蜂叮住一個還剩五個。
五個小黑人進入法院；
一個被留下還剩四個。
四個小黑人到海邊；
一條紅鯡魚吞下一個還剩三個。
三個小黑人走進動物園裡；
一隻大熊抓走一個還剩兩個。
兩個小黑人坐在太陽下；
一個熱死只剩一個。
一個小黑人孤獨一個人；
他結婚後一個也不剩。
（他上吊後一個也不剩。）
Solomon Grundy
Solomon Grundy,
Born on a Monday,
Christened on Tuesday,
Married on Wednesday,
Took ill on Thursday,
Worse on Friday,
Died on Saturday,
Buried on Sunday.
This is the end
Of Solomon Grundy.
所羅門.格蘭蒂
月曜日出生
火曜日受洗禮
水曜日結婚
木曜日得病
金曜日病加重
土曜日死去
日曜日被埋在土裡
這就是所羅門.格蘭蒂的一生
Do Your Ears Hang Low
Do your ears hang low?
Do they wobble to and fro?
Can you tie ’em in a knot?
Can you tie ’em in a bow?
Can you throw ’em over your shoulder
Like a continental soldier?
Do your ears hang low?
你是否垂耳傾聽？
他們是否搖擺不定？
你能否將他們打進一個結中？
你能否將他們系進一張弓中？
你能否將他們從肩頭擲出
就像一個步兵？
你是否垂耳傾聽？
The Cats Went Out To Serenade
The cats went out to serenade
And on a banjo sweetly played;
And summer nights they climbed a tree
And sand, "My love, oh, come to me!"
貓兒們出去歌唱小夜曲，
用一台班卓琴美妙演奏；
在這夏夜它們爬上了樹，
唱著：“吾愛，喔，來我懷抱！”
Come To The Window
Come to the window,
My baby, with me,
And look at the stars
That shine on the sea!
There are two little stars
That play bo-peep
With two little fish
Far down in the deep;
And two little frogs
Cry "Neap, neap, neap;"
I see a dear baby
That should be asleep.
來窗邊，
我的寶貝，和我一起，
看看繁星，
閃耀在海上。
有兩顆小星星，
他們玩躲貓貓
和兩條小魚兒
遠在深海里；
兩隻小青蛙，
叫著：“小潮，小潮，小潮；”
我看見一個親愛的寶貝
他該睡覺了
主要影響
阿加莎·克里斯蒂的偵探小說中經常出現鵝媽媽童謠集裡的歌謠，有時甚至直接拿來作書名，如在《黑麥奇案（A pocket full of rye）》的書名直接取自在書中占核心地位的歌謠Sing a song of sixpence。
雷歐幻像（LEON IMAGE WORKS）的《査理九世（Charlie IX & Dodomo）》的第一冊《黑貝街的亡靈》也引用過鵝媽媽童謠中《杜松樹之歌》、《十個小黑人》這些童謠，讓讀者更喜愛這一系列善惡未知的傳奇故事。
劉易斯·卡羅爾的童話《愛麗絲漫遊奇境記》與《愛麗絲鏡中世界奇遇記》中也有很多地方與鵝媽媽童謠集密切相連，《愛麗絲鏡中世界奇遇記》尤甚，裡面的很多角色如TWEEDLE-DUM和TWEEDLE-DEE這對雙胞胎、Humptydumpty、獅子和獨角獸（Lion and the Unicorn），都出自童謠里的故事。
更多的中國年輕讀者則可能是從由貴香織里筆下知道鵝媽媽童謠集的。以創作華麗陰暗作品著稱的由貴香織里，她的13卷漫畫《毒伯爵該隱》中引用了許多鵝媽媽童謠中的歌謠，以此來渲染那種維多利亞式的氣息。然而有一點經常被人誤會：《毒伯爵該隱》中引用的那些陰暗的童謠並不都是出自鵝媽媽童謠集，很多是出自格林兄弟收集的德國民謠；而出自鵝媽媽童謠集的部分也有很多被用在與原作風格相當不符的場合，比如書中某幅該隱坐在破碎的蛋中的扉頁圖，配的文字“蛋打破了/蛋打破了/國王的全部人馬/也不能再將其修補”出自鵝媽媽中的童謠Humptydumpty。Humptydumpty是什麼人？從那幅唯美的扉頁來看，也許有人會對其抱有比較美麗的猜測，然而……Humptydumpty其實是英國傳說中的一個大胖子，之所以會被譯成“蛋”，是因為他的身體已經胖到了和雞蛋同一形狀……
其它
西方媒體2004年3月1日報導，一個叫克里斯.羅伯茨的英國人寫了一本名為《輕鬆拋棄沉悶文字》的書，論證出很多英國古老兒歌並不純潔，王室醜聞、宗教仇恨、暴力兇殺、色情金錢交易等充斥於歌詞之中。
羅伯茨在新書里表示：“那時沒有專門寫給孩子唱的童謠，大人整天哼著自己編的或者當時流行的小調，孩子們耳濡目染，也就學會了；有些家長故意以當時的‘新聞’為歌詞，再配上上口的調子，用這種形式給孩子們講故事，哄他們睡覺，所以宗教、性、金錢和醜聞成為兒歌的主題並不稀奇。” 的歌謠如何“隱晦地帶有不良信息”，其中一個例子說的是著名的《傑克和吉爾上山去》，羅伯茨認為，這首歌的歌詞表面上看說的是一個男孩和一個女孩上山挑水，而實際上則是講一對少年男女偷嘗禁果，女孩可能因此懷孕了，她覺得非常後悔。
羅伯茨指出，在英國都鐸王朝到斯圖亞特王朝時期，英國內戰爆發，宮廷醜聞不斷傳出。由書中舉出了不少例子，分析那些膾炙人口於人們被勒令不得公開談論這些事件，只得把這些事編成兒歌，結果被一代又一代的孩子們傳唱至今。例如，描寫倫敦風情的《橘子和檸檬》、影射瑪麗女王一世的《瑪麗瑪麗很矛盾》、暗指白金漢公爵的《喬治.波吉》等許多著名兒歌都是在這兩大王朝期間產生的，這階段的兒歌內容隱晦，但是旋律動人，歌詞琅琅上口，因而流傳很廣。
作曲家拉威爾更是以《鵝媽媽童謠》為靈感來源，寫出了《鵝媽媽組曲》。
