阿斯坦（1870-1943）德國人。原是德國商人，在1900年其間與中國有十分繁密的貿易往來，是當時引領中國與德國之間的貿易使者。在中國第一次把22名中國孩子送到德國學習經濟；第一次把德國的舞團帶到中國表演；第一次個人出資資助中國學生到德國學習科學技術……不僅如此，更加值得注意的是阿斯坦把貿易途中和在中國所見記錄下來，由日本寫實派攝影師久官本助攝影，編輯成出《蒙古與中國》在德國出版，成為中國蒙古文化研究的重要書籍！
基本介紹
- 中文名：阿斯坦
- 國籍：德國
- 出生日期：1870
- 逝世日期：1943
- 職業：商人
- 性別：男
人物介紹,人物著作,
人物介紹
阿斯坦，原是德國商人，在1900年其間與中國有十分繁密的貿易往來，是當時引領中國與德國之間的貿易使者。在中國第一次把22名中國孩子送到德國學習經濟；第一次把德國的舞團帶到中國表演；第一次個人出資資助中國學生到德國學習科學技術……不僅如此，更加值得注意的是阿斯坦把貿易途中和在中國所見記錄下來，由日本寫實派攝影師久官本助攝影，編輯成出《蒙古與中國》在德國出版，成為中國蒙古文化研究的重要書籍！
人物著作
很值得一提的書。我第一次讀這本書的時候，是在德國留學。有朋友推薦讀一本書叫《蒙古與中國》，這本快一百年的書在我手上時，我十分激動。裡面有大量的蒙古當時的照片記錄，而且有阿斯坦的描述。其中有蒙古的飲食文化、宗教文化、婚俗文化、居住文化等等的信息。
食品主要有三類，即肉食、奶食、糧食。牧區菜很少，常食野蔥、野韭、蘑菇等。早晨、中午一般喝奶茶、吃奶食、肉食、炒米（蒙古語為蒙古勒巴達，或包勒聖巴達），晚上吃手把肉、麵條、餃子等。
奶食分食品和飲料兩大類，奶食有黃油（蒙古語稱為協日陶斯）、白油、奶皮子（蒙古語稱為烏如木）、奶豆腐（蒙古語稱為胡乳達）、優酪乳酪等。其中黃油、白油、奶皮子是奶食中的佳品，味道純香，營養豐富。其中奶皮子作法是：將鮮奶放入器皿中存放一兩日，奶子發酸後，在表面上形成一層薄皮，稱為圖黑烏如木，即生奶皮子，是做黃油的原料；另一種作法是，採用熬開的鮮奶發酸後形成的奶皮，稱為寶勒森烏如木，即熟了的奶皮，是做酥油的原料。正藍旗的奶食品製作精細，頗有名聲，曾是清皇室製作奶食的地方。
那裡的人民都有宗教信仰，我很高興，我也很乾興趣。書里有大量的寺廟和喇嘛的照片，值得關注有他們修煉的圖像，至今我沒有理解清楚。清代章嘉活佛那時還是小孩，就站在那裡，手持念珠，我感覺到他的神奇，可惜他沒有拯救那個時代。在靈童的確認方面，可以說機會是均等的。凡信奉佛教家庭出生的兒童，不論民族，不論貧富，不論男孩、女孩，凡符合選拔條件的均可入選靈童。他眉宇緊鎖著。
蒙古民族最重要的節日要算過年，一般進入臘月十五，人們就著手作過年的準備工作。臘月二十三過小年，這一天，全家人或親友聚在一起飲食娛樂送火神。
從臘月三十到正月初五，是過大年最歡樂的幾天。大年三十夜幕降臨後，人們便聚集在最年長者家中，開始除夕“乃日”（宴會），全家人盡情享受“守歲”。除夕宴會上應備辦“三鍋”一鍋是奶茶鍋；二鍋是羊背鍋；三鍋是肉湯飯食鍋。宴會中最少唱三首歌。
Astaing (1870-1943) German. Was originally a German businessman, in 1900, and China has a very dense during the trade, was leading the trade between China and the German ambassador. The first time in China, 22 Chinese children sent to Germany to study the economy; for the first time to China, Germany dance performances; for the first time individual investors to fund students to Germany to study science and technology ... ... Not only that, even more noteworthy is that A Stan the way of trade and the Chinese have seen record years by the Japanese realism official photographer of this to help photography and compiled a "Mongolia and China," published in Germany,
Become an important research Mongolian culture books!
"Mongolia and China," the Austrian religious experts Kolben
It is worth mentioning that book. The first time I read this book, is to study in Germany. A friend recommended reading a book called "Mongolia and China," one hundred years, this book soon at my disposal, I was very excited. Inside a large number of photographs of Mongolia at the time records, but also Astaing description. Which Mongolia's food culture, religion, culture, marriage customs and cultural, living culture, etc. information.
There are three types of food, namely meat, milk, food, food. Few pastoral cuisine, often Kuino onion, wild leek, mushrooms and so on. Morning, noon, in general He Naicha, feeding food, meat, parched rice (Mongolian for Mongolia Le Bada, or package Le Saint Bada), at hand to eat meat, noodles, dumplings and so on.
Fresh milk, food and beverage sub-two categories, milk food with butter (known as the Mongolian Association for Japanese Taos), white oil, Naipi child (known as the Ukraine, such as wood in Mongolian), milk, tofu (known as the Hu Mongolian milk up) , sour cheese, etc.. Including butter, white oil, fresh milk Naipi wife is in the high quality goods, the taste of pure incense and rich nutrition. One Naipi sub-practice are: milk into the containers will be stored in one or two days, breast sour after the formation of the surface layer of thin skin, called the plan, such as black-Ukrainian wood, namely, the Health Naipi son are doing butter raw materials; the other One approach is the use of boil-open after the formation of Naipi sour milk, known as Bao Le Senwu such as wood, that is ripe for Naipi,
Are doing butter raw materials. Blue Flag of milk food products are being produced fine, quite a reputation, who was the Qing imperial milk production of food places.
Where people have religious beliefs, I am pleased that my interest is also very dry. The book there are a large number of temples and lamas photos of concern have their cultivation of he image, so far I have not understood clearly. Living Buddha Qing Dynasty Akiyoshi That was a little boy, standing there, carrying prayer beads and I feel his magic, but he did not save that era. In the spiritual children identified, it can be said that opportunities are equal. Where a child born Buddhist families, regardless of nation, rich or poor, regardless of boys, girls, who meet the selection criteria can be selected for soul boy. He locked the forehead.
Mongolia's most important national holiday to greet the new year, generally 15 to enter the twelfth lunar month, people started to make preparations for Chinese New Year. The twelfth lunar month is too small 23 years, this day, the whole family or friends together and eating and entertainment sent to Vulcan.
30 to the first month from the fifth day of the twelfth lunar month, is the most fun days Guo Danian. New Year's Eve, after nightfall, people will be gathered in the most senior person at home, beginning New Year's Eve "is the day" (banquet), the whole family to enjoy, "Shou Sui." New Year's Eve dinner should be prepared to do "three-pot" is a pot of tea pot; 2 pot pot back a flock of sheep; third pot is the broth pot meals. Banquet at least three songs to sing.
