《計算機考研專業課——計算機組成原理一本通》是2020年清華大學出版社出版的著作，作者是劉財政、李紅 。
基本介紹
- 書名：《計算機考研專業課——計算機組成原理一本通》
- 作者：劉財政、李紅
- 出版社：清華大學出版社
- 出版時間：2020年04月01日
內容簡介,作者簡介,目 錄,
內容簡介
《計算機考研專業課——計算機組成原理一本通（考點詳解+習題全解)》嚴格按照全國碩士研究生入學考試計算機學科專業基礎綜合大綱進行編寫，全面涵蓋計算機系統概述、數據原理、主存儲器、指令系統、中央處理器、匯流排、輸入/輸出系統等大綱所要求的知識點，並以圖表的形式對考點進行講解，內容清晰易懂。本書精選歷年的408考題及部分名校試題進行詳細講解，幫助考生學練結合，提高考生的學習效率。
《計算機考研專業課——計算機組成原理一本通（考點詳解+習題全解)》可作為學生參加計算機專業碩士研究生入學考試的輔導用牛您挨書，也可作為計算機及相關專業的學生學習計算機組成原理的教材。
作者簡介
李紅，博士，副教授，碩士研究生導師。多年計算機專業課程教學和培訓經驗，獲得優秀教師稱號，再檔剃邀教學大賽一等獎等。現任啟航計算機課程主講老師之一，主編《啟航計算機真題大全解》，對統考及北京地區985 高校出題思路與動向把握深刻。通過分模組測試學員複習進度，依據多次模擬，進行教學服務調整；確保學員順利完成各階殃櫻斷愚段學習KPI。
劉財政，中國科學院博士。啟航計算機集訓營、網捆放少課主講和高端VIP一對一中心老師，具有豐富的教學經驗和紮實的知識積累，深受廣大學員和家長的喜愛和一致好評。採用一個中心、點面結合教學法，以考試實戰為中心，以突破考試知識為切入點，以建立知識體系為基本面，在點面結合中，讓學生掌握應試技巧和提升考試能力。
啟航考研，成立於1998年，國內首批從事考研培訓的民辦教育機構之一，啟航考研2016年加入啟航龍圖教育科技集團有限公司，通過資源整合，形成了線下輔導、線上教育、圖書出版等多元化的教學服務體系。本圖書是由啟航龍圖計算機學院聯合高校在職教師、中科院博士共同編寫，專門針對計算機專業考研專業課。計算機專業考研目前是統考與高校自主命題並存的形勢，本書以408統考體系為全催主線，結合部分熱門院校的自主命題，戒判籃全面覆蓋高頻考點，重點突出，層次分明。
為了幫助考生更好地理解考點內容，本圖書還錄製了一系列的圖書配套視頻。此外，啟航龍圖計算機學院還設計了“408統考”與“自主命題定向輔導”相結合的定製課程，包括全年集訓營、半年集訓營、暑期特訓營、百日衝刺集訓營等，採用高三式、全封閉、軍事化管理，同時也開設了針對目標院校目標專業的高端定製的網路課程。經驗豐富的師資、專業的課程設計、完備的課後答疑輔導、全套的圖書資料，為考生提供全方位一體化的教學服務。
目 錄
第 1 章 計算機系統概述 ···················· 1.
1.1 本章導學 ································· 1
1.1.1 考研解讀 ························ 1.
1.1.2 知識結構 ························ 1.
1.2 計算機的發展歷程與分類 ······ 2.
1.3 計算機系統 ····························· 3.
1.3.1 計算機系統的組成 ········· 3.
1.3.2 計算機系統的層次
結構 ································ 4.
1.3.3 計算機的軟體 ················· 4.
1.3.4 存儲程式思想與
馮·諾依曼計算機 ········· 5.
1.3.5 計算機的硬體組成 ········· 6.
1.3.6 計算機的指令執行
過婚多蘭程 ································ 7.
1.4 計算機的性能指標 ·················· 8.
1.5 本章習題 ······························· 10.
1.6 習題參考答案 ······················· 12.
第 2 章 運算器 ································ 14
2.1 本章導學 ······························· 14.
2.1.1 考研解讀 ······················ 14.
2.1.2 知識結構 ······················ 14.
2.2 知識講解 ······························· 15.
2.2.1 基本概念 ······················ 15.
2.2.2 進制系統 ······················ 15.
2.2.3 定點數表示和運算 ······· 16.
2.2.4 浮點數表示和運算 ······· 24.
2.2.5 IEEE 754 標準 ·············· 27.
2.2.6 運算器 ·························· 29.
2.2.7 校驗碼 ·························· 31.
2.3 本章習題 ······························· 35.
2.4 習題參考答案 ························ 40.
第 3 章 主存儲器····························· 47
3.1 本章導學 ······························· 47.
3.1.1 考研解讀 ······················ 47.
3.1.2 知識結構 ······················ 48.
3.2 知識講解 ······························· 49.
3.2.1 基本概念 ······················ 49.
3.2.2 存儲器的分類 ·············· 49.
3.2.3 存儲器的系統結構 ······ 51.
3.2.4 半導體隨機存儲器和
唯讀存儲器 ·················· 52.
3.2.5 主存儲器與 CPU 的
連線與控制 ·················· 55.
3.2.6 雙連線埠 RAM 和多體
模組存儲器 ·················· 58.
3.2.7 主存—Cache 系統 ······· 60.
3.2.8 虛擬存儲系統 ·············· 70.
3.3 本章習題 ······························· 75.
3.4 習題參考答案 ························ 88
第 4 章 指令系統··························· 107
4.1 本章導學 ····························· 107.
4.1.1 考研解讀 ···················· 107.
4.1.2 知識結構 ···················· 107.
4.2 機器指令 ····························· 108.
4.3 定長指令格式和變長指令
格式 ····································· 109.
4.4 定址方式 ····························· 112.
4.4.1 定址方式概述 ············ 112.
4.4.2 指令定址 ···················· 112.
計算機考研專業課——計算機組成原理一本通（考點詳解+習題全解）
IV
4.4.3 數據定址 ···················· 113.
4.5 複雜指令系統計算機和
精簡指令系統計算機 ·········· 118.
4.6 本章習題 ····························· 119.
4.7 習題參考答案 ····················· 124.
第 5 章 中央處理器（CPU） ········ 129
5.1 本章導學 ····························· 129.
5.1.1 考綱解讀 ···················· 129.
5.1.2 知識結構 ···················· 129.
5.2 CPU 的功能和組成 ············· 130.
5.2.1 CPU 的組成和結構 ···· 130.
5.2.2 CPU 中的暫存器 ········ 131.
5.2.3 CPU 的功能和數據
通路 ···························· 132.
5.3 控制的設計原理 ················· 135.
5.3.1 CPU 的控制方式 ········ 135.
5.3.2 微程式控制器的原理
和設計 ························ 136.
5.3.3 組合邏輯控制器的
原理和設計 ················· 140.
5.4 指令流水線 ························· 140.
5.4.1 指令執行方案 ············· 140.
5.4.2 指令流水線 ················· 141.
5.4.3 流水線的性能指標 ····· 142.
5.4.4 影響流水線性能的
因素 ···························· 143.
5.4.5 超流水線技術 ············· 144.
5.5 本章習題 ····························· 146.
5.6 習題參考答案 ····················· 154.
第 6 章 匯流排 ·································· 162
6.1 本章導學 ····························· 162.
6.1.1 考研解讀 ···················· 162.
6.1.2 知識結構 ···················· 162.
6.2 匯流排概述 ····························· 163.
6.2.1 基本概念 ···················· 163.
6.2.2 匯流排的分類 ················ 163.
6.2.3 匯流排的組成 ················ 164.
6.2.4 匯流排的性能指標 ········ 164.
6.2.5 匯流排的連線結構 ········ 165.
6.2.6 匯流排的特性 ················ 167.
6.3 匯流排仲裁 ····························· 167.
6.3.1 集中仲裁 ···················· 167.
6.3.2 分布仲裁 ···················· 169.
6.4 匯流排通信控制 ······················ 170.
6.4.1 匯流排信息傳送過程 ···· 170.
6.4.2 匯流排的定時方式 ········ 170.
6.5 匯流排標準 ····························· 172.
6.5.1 系統匯流排標準 ············ 172.
6.5.2 設備匯流排標準
（外部匯流排標準） ···· 173.
6.6 本章習題 ····························· 173.
6.7 習題參考答案 ······················ 178.
第 7 章 輸入/輸出系統 ·················· 183
7.1 本章導學 ····························· 183.
7.1.1 考研解讀 ···················· 183.
7.1.2 知識結構 ···················· 184.
7.2 基本概念 ····························· 184.
7.3 外部設備 ····························· 185.
7.4 I/O 接口 ······························· 188.
7.5 I/O 控制方式 ······················· 190.
7.5.1 程式查詢方式 ············ 190.
7.5.2 程式中斷方式 ············ 191.
7.5.3 直接存儲器存取
方式 ···························· 198.
7.5.4 I/O 通道控制方式 ······ 201.
7.5.5 I/O 處理機 ·················· 203.
7.6 本章習題 ····························· 203.
7.7 習題參考答案 ······················ 211
1.3.1 計算機系統的組成 ········· 3.
1.3.2 計算機系統的層次
結構 ································ 4.
1.3.3 計算機的軟體 ················· 4.
1.3.4 存儲程式思想與
馮·諾依曼計算機 ········· 5.
1.3.5 計算機的硬體組成 ········· 6.
1.3.6 計算機的指令執行
過程 ································ 7.
1.4 計算機的性能指標 ·················· 8.
1.5 本章習題 ······························· 10.
1.6 習題參考答案 ······················· 12.
第 2 章 運算器 ································ 14
2.1 本章導學 ······························· 14.
2.1.1 考研解讀 ······················ 14.
2.1.2 知識結構 ······················ 14.
2.2 知識講解 ······························· 15.
2.2.1 基本概念 ······················ 15.
2.2.2 進制系統 ······················ 15.
2.2.3 定點數表示和運算 ······· 16.
2.2.4 浮點數表示和運算 ······· 24.
2.2.5 IEEE 754 標準 ·············· 27.
2.2.6 運算器 ·························· 29.
2.2.7 校驗碼 ·························· 31.
2.3 本章習題 ······························· 35.
2.4 習題參考答案 ························ 40.
第 3 章 主存儲器····························· 47
3.1 本章導學 ······························· 47.
3.1.1 考研解讀 ······················ 47.
3.1.2 知識結構 ······················ 48.
3.2 知識講解 ······························· 49.
3.2.1 基本概念 ······················ 49.
3.2.2 存儲器的分類 ·············· 49.
3.2.3 存儲器的系統結構 ······ 51.
3.2.4 半導體隨機存儲器和
唯讀存儲器 ·················· 52.
3.2.5 主存儲器與 CPU 的
連線與控制 ·················· 55.
3.2.6 雙連線埠 RAM 和多體
模組存儲器 ·················· 58.
3.2.7 主存—Cache 系統 ······· 60.
3.2.8 虛擬存儲系統 ·············· 70.
3.3 本章習題 ······························· 75.
3.4 習題參考答案 ························ 88
第 4 章 指令系統··························· 107
4.1 本章導學 ····························· 107.
4.1.1 考研解讀 ···················· 107.
4.1.2 知識結構 ···················· 107.
4.2 機器指令 ····························· 108.
4.3 定長指令格式和變長指令
格式 ····································· 109.
4.4 定址方式 ····························· 112.
4.4.1 定址方式概述 ············ 112.
4.4.2 指令定址 ···················· 112.
計算機考研專業課——計算機組成原理一本通（考點詳解+習題全解）
IV
4.4.3 數據定址 ···················· 113.
4.5 複雜指令系統計算機和
精簡指令系統計算機 ·········· 118.
4.6 本章習題 ····························· 119.
4.7 習題參考答案 ····················· 124.
第 5 章 中央處理器（CPU） ········ 129
5.1 本章導學 ····························· 129.
5.1.1 考綱解讀 ···················· 129.
5.1.2 知識結構 ···················· 129.
5.2 CPU 的功能和組成 ············· 130.
5.2.1 CPU 的組成和結構 ···· 130.
5.2.2 CPU 中的暫存器 ········ 131.
5.2.3 CPU 的功能和數據
通路 ···························· 132.
5.3 控制的設計原理 ················· 135.
5.3.1 CPU 的控制方式 ········ 135.
5.3.2 微程式控制器的原理
和設計 ························ 136.
5.3.3 組合邏輯控制器的
原理和設計 ················· 140.
5.4 指令流水線 ························· 140.
5.4.1 指令執行方案 ············· 140.
5.4.2 指令流水線 ················· 141.
5.4.3 流水線的性能指標 ····· 142.
5.4.4 影響流水線性能的
因素 ···························· 143.
5.4.5 超流水線技術 ············· 144.
5.5 本章習題 ····························· 146.
5.6 習題參考答案 ····················· 154.
第 6 章 匯流排 ·································· 162
6.1 本章導學 ····························· 162.
6.1.1 考研解讀 ···················· 162.
6.1.2 知識結構 ···················· 162.
6.2 匯流排概述 ····························· 163.
6.2.1 基本概念 ···················· 163.
6.2.2 匯流排的分類 ················ 163.
6.2.3 匯流排的組成 ················ 164.
6.2.4 匯流排的性能指標 ········ 164.
6.2.5 匯流排的連線結構 ········ 165.
6.2.6 匯流排的特性 ················ 167.
6.3 匯流排仲裁 ····························· 167.
6.3.1 集中仲裁 ···················· 167.
6.3.2 分布仲裁 ···················· 169.
6.4 匯流排通信控制 ······················ 170.
6.4.1 匯流排信息傳送過程 ···· 170.
6.4.2 匯流排的定時方式 ········ 170.
6.5 匯流排標準 ····························· 172.
6.5.1 系統匯流排標準 ············ 172.
6.5.2 設備匯流排標準
（外部匯流排標準） ···· 173.
6.6 本章習題 ····························· 173.
6.7 習題參考答案 ······················ 178.
第 7 章 輸入/輸出系統 ·················· 183
7.1 本章導學 ····························· 183.
7.1.1 考研解讀 ···················· 183.
7.1.2 知識結構 ···················· 184.
7.2 基本概念 ····························· 184.
7.3 外部設備 ····························· 185.
7.4 I/O 接口 ······························· 188.
7.5 I/O 控制方式 ······················· 190.
7.5.1 程式查詢方式 ············ 190.
7.5.2 程式中斷方式 ············ 191.
7.5.3 直接存儲器存取
方式 ···························· 198.
7.5.4 I/O 通道控制方式 ······ 201.
7.5.5 I/O 處理機 ·················· 203.
7.6 本章習題 ····························· 203.
7.7 習題參考答案 ······················ 211
