基本介紹
- 中文名:莫提默·J.艾德勒
- 外文名:Mortimer J.Adler
- 國籍:美國
- 出生地:紐約
- 出生日期:1902年
- 逝世日期:2001年
- 職業:學者、教育家、編輯
簡介,生平,主要著作,
簡介
莫提默·J.艾德勒(Mortimer J.Adler,1902—2001)
以學者、教育家、編輯等多重面貌享有盛名。除了寫作《如何閱讀一本書》外,以主編《西方世界的經典》,並擔任1974年第十五版《大英百科全書》的編輯指導而聞名於世。
生於紐約。他在芝加哥大學執教(1930-1952)時,於1946年幫助策劃了“名著計畫”,1952年起任哲學研究所所長。他在他的著作中普及推廣西方文明的偉大思想,如《西方世界的偉大著作》(Great Books of the Western World54卷,1954,1990年重新修訂)、《怎樣閱讀》(How to Read a Book,1940、1972年重新修訂)以及《六種偉大思想》(Six Great Ideas,1981)等,因而以學者、教育家、編輯人等多重面貌享有盛名。曾任大觀念研究中心的名譽主席,是該中心的最初發起者之一;並擔任1974年第十五版《大英百科全書》的編輯指導。
生平
阿德勒於1902年12月28日出生在美國紐約市的一個猶太移民家庭。14歲從中學輟學後,成為紐約太陽報的送稿人員,他當時立志想要成為一名記者。不久,阿德勒開始在夜間學習寫作課程,從中他發現以下作者堪稱英雄:柏拉圖、亞里斯多德、托馬斯·阿奎那、約翰·洛克、約翰·斯圖爾特·密爾等等。之後,他進入哥倫比亞大學繼續學習,同時還向學生文藝雜誌投稿。儘管由於沒能通過必修的游泳測驗,而沒能獲得學士學位(1983年,哥倫比亞大學授予了他一個榮譽學位以作為補償),阿德勒還是留在了大學,最終得到了一個講師的位置,並獲得了心理學博士學位。
1930年,阿德勒前往芝加哥大學,並由之前認識的朋友、新任校長羅伯特·梅納德·哈欽斯安排為芝加哥大學法學院的法律哲學教授。然而他受到了芝加哥的一些哲學家的質疑,這些人對他“能否勝任哲學教授這個職責懷有重大疑問”,並且抵制阿德勒成為該大學哲學系的一分子。而同時,阿德勒也是該學校法學院有史以來第一個非律師出身的教師。
他是西方世界偉大名著項目的發起人。
主要著作
Dialectic (1927)
The Nature of Judicial Proof: An Inquiry into the Logical, Legal, and Empirical Aspects of the Law of Evidence (1931, 合著者 Jerome Michael)
Diagrammatics (1932, 合著者 Maude Phelps Hutchins)
Crime, Law and Social Science (1933, 合著者Jerome Michael)
Art and Prudence: A Study in Practical Philosophy (1937)
What Man Has Made of Man: A Study of the Consequences of Platonism and Positivism in Psychology (1937)
St. Thomas and the Gentiles (1938)
The Philosophy and Science of Man: A Collection of Texts as a Foundation for Ethics and Politics (1940)
How to Read a Book: The Art of Getting a Liberal Education (1940)
A Dialectic of Morals: Towards the Foundations of Political Philosophy (1941)
How to Think About War and Peace (1944)
The Revolution in Education (1944, 合著者 Milton Mayer)
The Capitalist Manifesto (1958,合著者 Louis O. Kelso)
The Idea of Freedom: A Dialectical Examination of the Conceptions of Freedom (1958)
The New Capitalists: A Proposal to Free Economic Growth from the Slavery of Savings (1961,合著者 Louis O. Kelso)
The Idea of Freedom: A Dialectical Examination of the Controversies about Freedom (1961)
Great Ideas from the Great Books (1961)
The Conditions of Philosophy: Its Checkered Past, Its Present Disorder, and Its Future Promise (1965)
The Difference of Man and the Difference It Makes (1967)
The Time of Our Lives: The Ethics of Common Sense (1970)
The Common Sense of Politics (1971)
The American Testament (1975, 合著者William Gorman)
Some Questions About Language: A Theory of Human Discourse and Its Objects (1976)
Philosopher at Large: An Intellectual Autobiography (1977)
Reforming Education: The Schooling of a People and Their Education Beyond Schooling (1977)
Aristotle for Everybody: Difficult Thought Made Easy (1978)
How to Think About God: A Guide for the 20th-Century Pagan (1980)
Six Great Ideas: Truth-Goodness-Beauty-Liberty-Equality-Justice (1981)
The Angels and Us (1982)
The Paideia Proposal: An Educational Manifesto (1982)
How to Speak / How to Listen (1983)
Paideia Problems and Possibilities: A Consideration of Questions Raised by The Paideia Proposal (1983)
A Vision of the Future: Twelve Ideas for a Better Life and a Better Society (1984)
The Paideia Program: An Educational Syllabus (1984)
Ten Philosophical Mistakes (1985)
A Guidebook to Learning: For a Lifelong Pursuit of Wisdom (1986)
We Hold These Truths: Understanding the Ideas and Ideals of the Constitution (1987)
Reforming Education: The Opening of the American Mind (1988, edited by Geraldine Van Doren)
Intellect: Mind Over Matter (1990)
Truth in Religion: The Plurality of Religions and the Unity of Truth (1990) ISBN 0-02-064140-0
Haves Without Have-Nots: Essays for the 21st Century on Democracy and Socialism (1991) ISBN 0-02-500561-8
Desires, Right & Wrong: The Ethics of Enough (1991)
A Second Look in the Rearview Mirror: Further Autobiographical Reflections of a Philosopher At Large (1992)
The Great Ideas: A Lexicon of Western Thought (1992)
Natural Theology, Chance, and God (The Great Ideas Today, 1992)
The Four Dimensions of Philosophy: Metaphysical-Moral-Objective-Categorical (1993)
Art, the Arts, and the Great Ideas (1994)
Adler's Philosophical Dictionary: 125 Key Terms for the Philosopher's Lexicon (1995)