《英語考試語法結構釋通》是2000年中國林業出版社出版的圖書，作者是蔣平。
基本介紹
- 中文名：英語考試語法結構釋通
- 作者：蔣平
- 語言： 漢語
英語 - 出版時間：2000年
- 出版社：中國林業出版社
- 出版地： 北京
- 頁數：349 頁
- ISBN：7503824174
- 類別：專著
圖書目錄
目次 :
使用說明
第一部分 語法結構釋通
一、 名詞、冠詞
（一） 概述1
（二） 概述2
（三） 名詞、冠詞用法釋通
1、 冠詞用法釋通
society,the society
a piano,the piano,piano
in prison,in the prison
town,the town；country,the country
go to school,to to the school (×)
have rest,have a rest；have walk (×),have a walk；have sleep,have a sleep;have wash/smoke (×),have a wask/smoke；have break (×),have a break
evening,the evening；party,the party,a party
in the morning/afternoon/evening,on the morning/afternoon/evening(×),on…morning/afternoon/evening,on… a morning/afternoon/evening
the public,a public (×)；the old,an old；the true,a true (×)
the natives,the native(×),a native；the masses,the mass,a mass
Chinese,the Chinese (×),the Chinese language；grammar,the grammar (×),the grammar of Chinese
turn on TV (×),turn on the TV；turn on radio (×),trun on the radio；turn on light (×),turn on the light
nature,the nature (×)；sun (×),the sun；moon (×),the moon
of a sort,of one sort (×)；of a feather,of the same feather (×);of an age,of the same age,of one age (×)；of the same size
a few,few;a little,little
a horse,the horse,horses,horse
a man,man
such nice weather,such a nice weather (×)；such a good climate,such good climate (×)；such a terrible condition,such terrible condition (×)
What a/an n.!,What n.!
too/so/as/how/quite/rather/many+ (adj.) + a/an + n.,too/so/as/how/… + (adj.) + n.(×)
half a year,half of the year,a half-year
the third time,a third time;the forth time,a forth time
three times a week,nine miles an hour；three times every week (×),nine miles per hour,nine miles each hour (×)
be paid by the hour/day/week/month,be paid by hour/day/…(×)
in the head,in one's head；in the leg,in one's leg；in the face,in one's face；by the head/arm/leg
to the day,to a day,to this day
the most,most,a most
the south,south；the west,west
in the least,at least
music,the music;science,the science
youth,a youth;beauty,a beauty
tea,a tea;glass,a glass;iron,an iron
light,the light,a light,lights
Chincse,a Chinese (×),the Chinese；Swiss,a Swiss (×),the Swiss
Beijing,the Beijing；Lei Feng,the Lei Feng；Mr.Green,the Mr.Green
Lei Feng,a Lei Feng；Harrison,a Harrison
Harrison,the Harrisons,the Harrison's
2、 名詞用法釋通
a friend of my father,a friend of my father's；a novel of Dickens (×),a novel of Dickens'；a bone of the dog,a bone of the dog's
a notebook of the teacher's,a notebook of a teacher's (×)；a cover of the book's (×),a cover of the book,a cover of a book (×)
a son of Mrs Brown's,that/which/any/son of Mrs Brown's,some/two sons of Mrs Brown's；the son (s) of Mrs Brown's (×),the son of Mrs Brown,the son of a rich family
Julia and Mary's mother,Julia's and Mary's mother (×)
4 Smith (×), 4 Smiths,the 4 Smiths
best regard (×),best regards
behind the times,behind the time,behind the schedule
4 dozen, 4 dozens (×)； 4 dozens of (×),several dozens of
coffee cup,cup of coffee
a twelve-year-old boy,a twelve-years-old boy (×)
interest,interests
work,works
mail,a mail (×),a piece of mail,much mail；letter,a letter,many letters
plenty/a lot/lots of ,amount of ,much,many,number of
ship/car/nation-it/she；baby/infant-it/she/he
二、 主謂一致
（一） 概述
（二） 主語一致用法釋通
many a + n.,many a n.+ n.,more than one,a good many + n.
most of the wood,most of them
a body of,a group/team/pair of
all of ,some of,the majority of
one out of,one in
1/3 of n.,3/4 of n.,2/3 of n.
one of…who,only one of…who
It is I,It is me
I,who am；I,who is (×)
a number of…,the number of
a population of…,1/3 of the population
What…are,What…is
this kind of men,men of this kind
Early to bed and early to rise is/are (×)；Growing vegetables is/are (×)
a set of,a sequence/range/part of
20 divided by 2 is/are,twice three is/are
3 years/2 dollars/5 pounds…is/are (×)
Class one is,Class one are;police/family is,police/family are
staff/cattle/vermin/poultry/pelple are/is (×)
merchandise/machinery/foliage is/are (×)
news is/are (×),means/words is/are
physics/mathematics is/are,arthritis is/are,darts is/are
the United Nations/United States/New York Times is/are (×)；the Alps/Bermudas/Niagara Falls are/is (×)
shoes/scissors/shorts/compasses/scales are/is
odds is/are;remains is/are
a dozen n.are/is (×)
Here is,Here are;There is,There are
Ours is,Ours are
all but one,all that
A poet and a novelist are;A poet and novelist is
Both A and B；A or B
your A and B is,your A and your B are
Good and bad n.are/is (×),The tenth and the…n.are/is (×)
The rich/blind/black/educated/ill/wounded are/is (×)
The departed/escaped/killed/older/elder/younger is/are
The good/bad/evil/valuable is/are (×)
the rick,the riches；the good,the goods
Not only A but also B is,Not only A but also B are
Either A or B,Neither A nor B,Not A but B
Either of n.,Neither of n.
Nobody but A and B,Nobody except A and B
nobody,no A and no B,not A and not B
A,as well as B;A,rather than
Every A and every B,Each A and each B
the boy and the girl each,the boy and the girl,a boy and a girl
the rest is,the rest are
三、 代詞
（一） 概述
（二） 代詞用法釋通
some,any
something,anything;somebody,anybody;someone,anyone
anybody,everybody;anyone,everyone;anything,everything
everyone,every one
every,all,each
either,neither,both
either…or,neither…nor
either to do or to do,either to do or do (×),either do or do
all,any,any other
all n.,all of n.
none,nothing
none,no
neither of,none of;neither,none
one another,each other
another,other,others;the other,the others;any other,some other (s)
success is yours/your (×)
between us,between ourselves
of his,of his own;of mine,of my own
not quite myself,not quite my own (×),not quite mine (×)
I,me；he,him；they,them；she,her；we,us
one,the one,that,the ones,ones
this,that,the
these,those
that those
so,such
such,that,those,these
as,such as,just as
it,he,this,that
It's,that's
四、 關聯與複句
（一） 概述1
（二） 概述2
（三） 關聯與複句用法釋通
What about,How about,What if
What is,How is
so…that,such…that
such…as,the same…as,so…as
so that,so as to,in order that,in order to,so
and,or,while
thus,so;and thus,and so
which,and which
or,or else,otherwise
hardly…but,hardly…that,hardly…when
only,but
who,whoever;what,whatever;which,whichever
however,no matter how
who,whom
who,whom,which
which,as
what,that
which,that
the reason that,the reason why,why
in that,in which
among which,in/of/on/with/from/for which
which,(,which)
person whose,sth.whose
if,whether
do you mind that…,do you mind if
before,after
before,until,not until
when,while,as
as long as,so long as,as far as,so far as
as long as,so long as,if,unless,provided,given,on condition
if,provided,even if,in case,in case of
if only,only if
scarcely/hardly…when,no sooner…than,the moment/instant (that);(just)+ doing…
just as…so；just as…thus (×)
seeing (that),considering (that),now that
for,as,since,because
due to that (×),due to the fact that,owing to that (×),owing to it that
because,because of
in case,lest,for fear
though,although,even though,even if,despite,in spite of,adj./adv.+as,while
though,however
as though,as if,like,as,just as
regard…to be(×),regard…as
more wine as(×)/that(×),more wine than
the time when,the time that;the place where,the place that
everything that,everything there,everything where(×)/which(×)
where,which,in which
which,when
which,what,who,whom,whose,where
It is…that,That…is
It is that…that,That…that is(×)
五、 語序與倒裝
（一） 概述
（二） 語序與倒裝用法釋通
so,neither,nor
never,rarely,little,not a word,in vain
scarcely…when,hardly…when,no sooner…than
Not until,It is not until
not only,not only…but also,but also
only,only when
in the sky,in,out,up,down,before,after,around the corner
home,often,well
many a time,many a chance,many a person
here,there
now,then
So…that,Such…that,To such…that
not so/as much…as,more/-er…than
more than was good for n.,more than n.was good for(×)
the more…,the more…
as was,as did
twice as much,twice much as(×),three times more than,more than three times
would n.,should n.,were/be/had n.
So+adj./adv.as,Adj./adv.+as,V.+(as),So+adj./adv.
have it given up,have given it up
right on,on right
a little ahead of time,ahead of time a little(×)
that how,how that,how what
an old fine stone(×),a fine old stone；an exciting old detective story,an old exciting detective sotry(×)
that he would die if not…，that if not…he would die,that if not…that he would die(×)
all that much,that much all,that all much(×),much all that(×)
六、 形容詞、副詞、數詞
（一） 概述1
（二） 概述2
（三） 概述3
（四） 形容詞、副詞、數詞用法釋通
1、 形容詞、副詞用法釋通
something good/good something(×)
n.available,available n.(×);wide enough,enough wide(×)
fast enough,warmly enough
well enough,good enough
person responsible,responsible person
involved/concerned/interested n.;n.involved/concerned/interested
live,alive,lively,living
lone,alone,lonely
ill,sick
late,later,latest,latter,last,lately
like,alike,likely
hard,hardly
farther,further
by far,by now
far,far too,too,so,quite,very
come too soon,come so soon
too large for,larger for
rather,fairly,quite,very,hardly
quite too(×),fairly too(×),far too,rather too
rather a,quite a,fairly a(×),very a(×),far a(×)
too…a,far too…
too…a,a too…(×),too…
the very man,the right man
black,the black;white,the white
the happiest,happiest;the brightest,brightest;the most,most
most,most of
all,all of;almost all,almost all of,almost of(×)
the three most,the most three(×),three the most(×),most of the three(×)
little,less,still less
less,fewer
much,many,more,still more
much more,much less；still more,still less
think highly,think high
arrive safe and sound,arrive safely and soundly(×)
very,very much
still,yet
return home,return back home(×)
away from,far from
satisfied,satisfying,satisfactory
directly,promptly,quickly,presently,immediately
worth,worthy,worthwhile
special,specially;especial,especially
superior to,inferior to;superior than(×)
taller,the taller;larger,the larger
not better,no better；not richer,no richer
as…as,so…as
more shy than,shier than;more good than,better than
less shy than,shier than;less frightened than
no more n.than,more n.than n.,more of n.than of n.
more than,other than,rather than,but rather
no more than,know better than;cannot but,none other than
2、 數詞用法釋通
two hundred people,two hundreds people(×)
several thousands of,several thousand of(×)
in one's 30s,in one's 30's(×),in one's thirties
in the 90's,in the 90s,in 90's(×),in the nineties
two-thirds(×),two-third；one-third,one-thirds(×)
七、 系動詞、助動詞、情態動詞
（一） 概述
（二） 系動詞、助動詞、情態動詞用法釋通
1、 系動詞、助動詞用法釋通
am,is,are;was,were;has been,have been;had been;will be,shall be
become,go,look,seem,appear,taste,sound,feel,get,hang
do,does,did;don't doesn't;didn't
has,have,had;hasn't,haven't,hadn't
will,shall,be going to,be to
will,shall;would,should
2、 情態動詞用法釋通
can,may,must
can,could
can,be able to
may,might
may as well,might as well;may just as well,might just as well
mustn't,needn't
must,have to
must,need,ought to
ought to,should
ought to be,must be
need,need to
needn't,don't need to
needn't have…,haven't needed…(×)
dare,dare to
dare,dares,dared
dare not,dare not to;don't dare to,don't dare(×)
would,could
should have done,could have done,ought to have done
can/could have done,may/might have done
must have done,may have done,might have done
if they won't…,if they don't
if you help,if you will help
in case/if you see,in case/if you should see
八、 非謂語動詞
（一） 概述
（二） 非謂語動詞用法釋通
1、 不定式用法釋通
hear/see/let sb.do…,hear/see/let sb.to do…(×)
hear/see/let sb.do…,sb.be heard seen/let to do…
help do,help to do
except/but do,except/but to do
rather than do,rather than to do
all/what…is to do,all/what…is do
it's kind of sb.to,it's kind for sb.to(×),it's kind to(×)
it's hard for sb.to,it's hard of sb.to(×),it's hard to
find it impossible to,find to…impossible(×)；have it in mind to,have to…in mind(×)
too…to,enough to
too…to,too ready to,too apt to
have sth.to do,have sth.to do with
to do,to have done,to be doing,to have been doing
to be done,to have been done
has n.to take care of,has n.to be taken care of(×)
There is sth.to do,There is sth.to be done
to let/to be let(×);to blame/to be blamed
Believe it or not/To believe it or not(×);Come what may/To come what may(×)
be glad,be glad to
to read and speak,to read and to speak
2、 不定式、動名詞用法釋通
need/want to be done,need/want doing
begin to do,begin doing
begin/cease/start to do,begin/cease/start doing
begin to see,begin seeing(×)
like/hate/prefer to do,like/hate/prefer doing
prefer,prefer…to,prefer…rather than
attempt/intend/plan/try to do/doing
encourage/recommend/advise/authorize to do/doing
try/mean/can't help to do/doing
allow/permit doing,allow/permit to do
like doing,like to do
like doing,'d like to do,feel like doing
be busy doing,be busy to do
in the weeks to come,in the weeks to be coming(×)/came(×)
remember/forget/regret doing/to do
stop/leave off/go on/continue doing/to do
be afraid of doing,be afraid to do
consider/think doing,consider/think to do
there being,there to be
prohibit from doing,prohibit doing,prohibit to do(×)
pressure to compete,pressure competing(×)
3、 分詞（現在分詞，過去分詞）用法釋通
frozen food,freezing cold;bored traveller,boring traveller(×)
sunk,sunken;drunk,drunken
see/hear sb. do,see/hear sb. done,see/hear sb. doing
have n. do,have n. done
To give…,Given…,Giving…
doing,being done;having done,having been done
educated,being educated,having been educated
drawn,drew
judged,to judge
n. meaning,n. meant
basing on,based on
her eyes sparkling,her eyes sparkled(×);her eyes dimmed,her eyes dimming(×)
excited,exciting;surprised,surprising
Smoking,To smoke;Reading,To read
annoyed,to be annoyed;held,to be held
survive being buried,survive to be buried(×)
after being interviewed,after interviewed(×)
when scolding,when scolded
There is n. giving,There is n. to give,There is n. given
Xiao's winning,Xiao winning(×);his team winning,his team's winning(×)
see sb. doing sth.,see sb.'s doing of sth.
九、 時態、語態
（一） 概述1
（二） 概述2
（三） 時態、語態用法釋通
1、 時態用法釋通
that the moon moves,that the moon moved(×)
that he was ill,that he is ill
if/in case it rains,if/in case it will rain
after/when…has done,after/when…does
the next time you come,the next time you will come(×)
as soon as/once…have done,as soon as/once…do
Class begins at…,class will begin at
be dying,will die
be going to,will
going to do,will be doing
will do,will be doing,will have done
have done,had done,will have done
did,had done
what happened,what has happened
have been,have gone
have left,left;have seen,saw
has come,came;have been,went
two years ago,two years before
This is…time that…do/did/have done/had done
If A do/does,so do/does/will B,If A don't…,neither do/will B
used to,be used to
lay down,lie down
be certain,be certain to be
have been doing,had been doing
2、 語態用法釋通
belong to,is belonged to(×),is belong to(×)
open,be open,be opened
is interested,has interested,interested
feels,is felt
be complete,be completed
blame,be blamed
is missing,is missed(×)
marry,is/gets married
cost,is cost(×)
witness,was witnessed
want,be wanted,being wanted(×)
wash well,is washed well
add up,be added up(×)
incline to,be inclined to,would/will be inclined to(×)
produce,produced,are producing,are produced,being produced
十、 條件句與虛擬語氣
（一） 概述1
（二） 概述2
（三） 條件句與虛擬語氣用法釋通
1、 條件句的語氣用法釋通
if do,…will do；if do,…do
if did,…did；if did,…would do
if will,…will；if would,…will;if would,…would；if should,…would
if should,…would;if were to,…would;if did,…would;if had done,…would have done
should n.,were n. to,were n.,had n.,had n.done
if did,…would；if did,…would have done
if did,…would；do.…would
if had done,…would have done;if did,…would have done;if had done,…would
had been,…would have done;were,…would have done
should,…do；should,…will do；should,…would
would do…under,would have done…under
would do…but,would have done…but
will do…unless,would do…provided,would have done as long as
2、 單句的虛擬語氣用法釋通
wish…would,wish…did,wish…had done
suggest/order/request…(should)do,suggested/ordered/requested…did(×)
suggestion/proposal/motion that…(should)do,it is suggested/requested that…(should)do
should be,be
should be,could be,would be,might be
suggest…not go/not to go(×)/hadn't gone(×)/not going
suggest…(should)be,suggest…am/is/are
would rather/sooner…did,would rather/sooner…had done,would rather/sooner do
not expect/suspect…should do,not expected/suspected did(×)
it's a pity…(should)be/could be(×)/would be(×)/will be(×)
it's unlikely…should be/will be/is
It's time/high time…should/did
as if…would/did/had done,as if…will/do
in order that…can/could/may/might,lest…should
whoever/whatever…may,whoever/whatever…do
if only could do/did/had done,if only can(×),if only should(×)/would(×)/might(×)
would you,could you,may you,may I
may you,may he,may I(×),might you(×)
may I,may you;can I,can you
十一、 疑問句
（一） 概述
（二） 疑問句用法釋通
1、 簡單疑問句用法釋通
Do you think…，Don't you think…
Have you got…，Haven't you got…
Don't you…?Yes；Don't you…?No
Yes,I have；Yes,I haven't(×)
Has he resigned?,He has resigned?
Don't you have money？，You don't have money？
2、 反義、附加疑問句用法釋通
can he?,can't he?
have you?,haven't you?
aren't they?,aren't the workers(×)
Have a…,will you?Have a…,won't you?
They have…,have they/are they(×)?
has/have
has…,hasn't/doesn't?;have…,haven't/don't?;have to…,haven't(×)/don't?
no/nothing/hardly…,do you/don't you?
Let's…,do we(×)?;Let's…,shall we?
Let's…,shall we?;Let's…,will you?
You'd like…,wouldn't/won't(×)you?;You'd rather…,wouldn'd/won't(×)you？
You'd better…,hadn't you/wouldn't(×)/didn't(×)you?
I'm…,aren't I/am not I(×)?;I'm…,am I/are I(×)?
neither…nor…,are/is(×)?
whoever/nobody/everyone…,are/is(×)?
someone/one…,is/are(×)?
None of them/you/us…,are/is(×)?None of the food/buses…,is/are?
some of us,…we?some of us,…they?
There…,there/they/it?
She says that I…,she/I(×)?
I suppose/bet that you…,I(×)/you?
ought to…,oughtn't(×)/shouldn't?,ought not to…,ought/should(×)?
ought to have done…,oughtn't(×)/shouldn't(×)/haven't？
used to…,usedn't/didn't(×)?be used to…,usedn't(×)/be/do?
must…,mustn't/isn't/needn't(×)?
need…,needn't/do?
wish…,may/can/do?
seem/appear/look/sound…,be/do?
十二、 介詞
（一） 概述
（二） 介詞用法釋通
about,around,round
above,on,over,up,upon
over,beyond
after,behind
beside,besides
below,under
through,throughout
at,to
of,off
drive to the left,drive on the left
second to,second from/of
require of,require to
popular with/among,popular for,popular in,popular to(×)
discussion on/about,in discussion(×),under discussion
remain on,remain in,remain with,remain to
but for,in spite of
identical to,identical with,identical as(×)
known to…as,known to…for,known for…as
consistent with,consistent to(×),consistent in
insure sb. against,insure sb. from(×)
be suspicious of,be suspicious to(×)
increase to,increase by,increase with,increase at
on the decline,under the decline(×),at the decline(×)
obtain…with,obtain…in
on telephone,with telephone,at telephone
第二部分 語法結構測試題
第三部分 測試題答案
主要參考文獻
