基本介紹
- 中文名：美菲共同防禦條約
- 簽約國家：美國、菲律賓
- 簽定時間：1951年8月30日
- 生效時間：1952年8月27日
- 有效期限：無限
發展歷程,條約正文,英文原文,中文翻譯,
發展歷程
1951年8月30日，美國與菲律賓在華盛頓簽訂《美菲共同防禦條約》。
1952年8月27日，《美菲共同防禦條約》正式生效，有效期無限。
2018年年12月28日，洛倫扎納表示，已經指示國防部律師審查菲美兩國簽署的《共同防禦條約》，如果“該條約與菲律賓的國家利益不再相關”，就有可能廢除該條約。對此，美方當天緊急回應稱，仍然相信美國與菲律賓之間的同盟關係。
2019年3月5日，菲律賓國防部長洛倫扎納提議，菲美兩國應重新審查雙方68年前簽訂的美菲《共同防禦條約》，原因是菲律賓不想在南海捲入戰爭。
條約正文
英文原文
The Parties of this Treaty
Reaffirming their faith in the purposesand principles of the Charter of the United Nations and their desire to live inpeace with all peoples and all governments， and desiring to strengthen thefabric of peace in the Pacific area。
Recalling with mutual pride the historicrelationship which brought their two peoples together in a common bond ofsympathy and mutual ideals to fight side-by-side against imperialist aggressionduring the last war。
Desiring to declare publicly andformally their sense of unity and their common determination to defendthemselves against external armed attack， so that no potential aggressor couldbe under the illusion that either of them stands alone in the Pacific area。
Desiring further to strengthen theirpresent efforts for collective defense for the preservation of peace andsecurity pending the development of a more comprehensive system of regionalsecurity in the Pacific area。
Agreeing that nothing in this presentinstrument shall be considered or interpreted as in any way or sense alteringor diminishing any existing agreements or understandings between the Republicof the Philippines and the United States of America。
Have agreed as follows：
ARTICLEI。 The Parties undertake， as set forth inthe Charter of the United Nations， to settle any international disputes inwhich they may be involved by peaceful means in such a manner thatinternational peace and security and justice are not endangered and to refrainin their international relations from the threat or use of force in any mannerinconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations。
ARTICLEII。 In order more effectively to achievethe objective of this Treaty， the Parties separately and jointly by self-helpand mutual aid will maintain and develop their individual and collectivecapacity to resist armed attack。
ARTICLEIII。 The Parties， through their ForeignMinisters or their deputies， will consult together from time to time regardingthe implementation of this Treaty and whenever in the opinion of either of themthe territorial integrity， political independence or security of either of theParties is threatened by external armed attack in the Pacific。
ARTICLEIV。 Each Party recognizes that an armedattack in the Pacific Area on either of the Parties would be dangerous to itsown peace and safety and declares that it would act to meet the common dangersin accordance with its constitutional processes。
Any such armed attack and all measurestaken as a esult thereof shall be immediately reported to the Security Councilof the United Nations。 Such measures shall be terminated when the SecurityCouncil has taken the measures necessary to restore and maintain internationalpeace and security。
ARTICLEV。 For the purpose of Article IV， an armedattack on either of the Parties is deemed to include an armed attack on themetropolitan territory of either of the Parties， or on the island territoriesunder its jurisdiction in the Pacific or on its armed forces， public vessels oraircraft in the Pacific。
ARTICLEVI。 This Treaty does not affect and shallnot be interpreted as affecting in any way the rights and obligations of theParties under the Charter of the United Nations or the responsibility of theUnited Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security。
ARTICLEVII。 This Treaty shall be ratified by theUnited States of America and the Republic of the Philippines in accordance withtheir respective constitutional processes and will come into force wheninstruments of ratification thereof have been exchanged by them at Manila。
ARTICLEVIII。 This Treaty shall remain in forceindefinitely。 Either Party may terminate it one year after notice has beengiven to the other Party。
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersignedPlenipotentiaries have signed this Treaty。
DONE in duplicate at Washington thisthirtieth day of August 1951。
中文翻譯
本條約之締約各方——
確認各方對《聯合國憲章》的目的和原則抱有信心；願同所有人民和政府生活在和平之中；願在太平洋區域加強和平體系的建構。
帶著共同驕傲回顧了歷史關係。在上一場戰爭中，這一關係曾帶給兩國人民共同的同情紐帶，以及肩並肩的戰鬥反對侵略者的共同理念。
願意公開並且正式宣布雙方的團結感，以及保衛彼此反對外來武裝攻擊的共同決心；從而不讓任何潛在的侵略者存有幻想地認為，雙方中的任何一方在太平洋地區是孤獨無援的。
願意進一步加強雙方在集體防衛方面的當前努力；目的是，在太平洋地區日趨複雜的區域性安全體系發展進程中，保衛和平和安全。
同意本項法律檔案的內容不被以任何方式或感覺理解或解釋為，變更或減弱菲律賓共和國與美利堅合眾國之間現有的任何正式或非正式協定。
雙方達成如下協定：
[第一條]雙方承諾依據上述《聯合國憲章》解決雙方以無害於和平、安全、公正的方式可能和平捲入的國際爭端，並使雙方的國際關係免遭武力威脅或使用武力的、違背聯合國宗旨的行為。
[第二條]為了更有效達成本條約的目標，雙方將以自助和互助的方式，單獨或聯合地保持和發展雙方各自或集體的抵禦武裝攻擊的能力。
[第三條]雙方將通過外交部長或其代表，不定期地共同磋商本條約的落實事宜，並且，可在任何時候——當某一方認為其領土完整、政治獨立或某一方受到發生於太平洋的、來自雙方以外的武裝攻擊威脅時——進行這種磋商。
[第四條]雙方認為，任何一方在太平洋地區遭到的武裝攻擊，都可能危害本方的和平與安全，並可宣布依據本國憲法程式採取行動，應對共同的危險。
任何上述武裝攻擊以及由此引起的所有應對措施，應立即向聯合國安理會報告。凡此措施的最終決定，有待安理會已採取了必要措施重建或保持國際和平與安全。
[第五條]就第四條之目的而言，對任何一方的武裝攻擊被認為是，攻擊任何一方的宗主領土或領地、管轄島嶼的領土或領地，以及在太平洋的武裝力量、公共性質的航海器或飛行器。
[第六條]本條約不影響也不應被解釋為，以任何方式影響雙方按照《聯合國憲章》所具有的權利和責任，或者作為聯合國成員維持國際和平與安全的責任。
[第七條]本條約須由美利堅合眾國和菲律賓共和國遵循本國憲法程式予以批准，並將在馬尼拉互換批准後隨即生效。
[第八條]本條約將無限期保持有效。任何一方可在向另一方呈送知會的一年後終止本條約。
特命全權代表見證本條約業已簽字
條約副本已在華盛頓完，1951年8月30日。
