置閏法

我國古代長期採用陰陽合曆，它根據月亮的盈虧變化定月，平年12個月，6個大月30天，叫“大盡”；6個小月各29天，叫“小盡”；全年354天。這比太陽年(365.2422天)要少約10天21小時。為此古人採取置閏的辦法加以調整，開始時每三年閏一個月，五年閏兩個月，春秋中葉後規定十九年閏七個月·每逢閏年加的一個月叫"閏月"，閏月加於某月之後叫"閏某月"。通過置閏可使歷年的平均長度約等於一個太陽年，並和自然季節大致吻合。

基本介紹

• 中文名：置閏法
• 來源：歌曲
• 用途：適時調整跟上節氣的變化
• 性質：方法

置閏法圖式

_______________ │________________________│_____________________

巽四宮·································離九宮·································坤二宮

陽遁····································陰遁····································陰遁

立夏四一七···························夏至九三六···························立秋二五八

小滿五二八···························小暑八二五···························處暑一四七

芒種六三九···························大暑七一四 ··························白露九三六

_______________ │________________________│_____________________

震三宮 ··········································································兌七宮

陽遁 ·············································································陰遁

春分三九六·························中五宮···································秋分七一四

清明四一七·····································································寒露六九三

穀雨五二八·····································································霜降五八二

_______________ │________________________│_____________________

艮八宮································ 坎一宮·································乾六宮

陽遁 ···································陽遁····································陰遁

立春八五二··························冬至一七四···························立冬六九三

雨水九六三··························小寒二八五···························小雪五八二

驚蟄一七四··························大寒三九六···························大雪四七一

_______________ │________________________│_____________________

置閏法的定局

置閏法嚴格執行乾支紀時，並適時調整跟上節氣的變化。每一局的六十個時辰都是從甲子時起的六十甲子完整周期，即使在置閏時段，也是三個六十甲子完整周期， 故能夠在一個節氣中，形成十八次九星值符小循環、二十次八門值使小循環、二次九星中循環。在一年中，有二十四個節氣用局的大循環，還有六次六十天的甲子循環，七十二次六十個時辰的甲子循環，四十八次九星的中循環，若遇置閏，九星的中循環一年五十次，正好是大衍之數.超者，超過也。神者，日辰也。接者，承接也。氣者，諸節也。節氣未至而日辰先到，則復節氣為主而超越用未來之節氣，此之謂超。又有節氣已至而日辰未到，則伏辰為主而待日辰至方接承節。蓋其氣來則日辰未至而奇星常用於前節，此之謂接也。如丙午年四月十三日壬申交立夏節上，然四月初五日甲子日。甲己是四仲日，已在立夏前九日矣，則合超，超先於甲子日，下用立夏上局奇，己巳後用甲局，此乃先得奇後 得節，凡作用取效為速。 按日乾支與節氣定局，以日乾甲、己為符頭，又遇日支、子、 午、卯、酉用上元，遇寅、申、巳、亥用中元，遇辰、戌、醜、未，用下元，每五天一局，每個節氣三局，一年二十四節氣共七十二局，則每年剩餘天數累積多達九天以上時，在夏至或冬至前重複上一節氣的三局，謂之置閏，又稱超神接氣。

超接置閏法

超神

謂節氣未至而甲子、己卯、甲午、己酉四上元之符頭先到，則從符頭而行節氣之先上元 。如正月初一日立春，而上年十二月二十五日即是甲子。此符頭先至，即以此二十五日甲子作立春上元，至正月初一日乃行中元，故謂之超也。符頭超越節氣6天。

接氣

謂甲子、己卯、甲午、 己酉四上元之符頭未到而節氣先到，則候符頭先日方行節氣。如正月初一日立春，而初五方是甲子，此符頭未到， 卻以初一至初四仍行大寒下元，至初五方行立春上元。故謂之接也。 符頭晚節氣4天。

置閏

每或四個上元符頭與冬至日或夏至日超神有超過八日（凡符頭 起算 數到二至為9則置閏），在夏至或者冬至前閏上十五個日數，保留不排除此十五日延續至夏至或冬至日之後。注:二至是指冬至夏至

超接訣

陰陽二遁，原洪進速。時未節氣，先到遲時。節氣交未來，超接通玄奧，日未來節先來，今日端然在割 裁。雖然節氣已交度，奈何仲日未胚胎。先至節未至，超用未來節氣，有時超起過旬余，所以積余成閏，位二至之前有閏奇。此時疊積累乘之陽極陰終無定數，因立此閏畢。其餘起法者，於逐年芒種節上，於大雪前尋之。蓋緣芒種節後是夏至，則儀逆奇順；大雪之後是冬至，則儀順而奇逆，陽順陰逆皆此也。

又訣凡節氣或遇甲子、甲午、己卯、己酉，是甲己謂之正授。若不遇，則以官曆挨究共過幾日星當用第幾局，名曰超接。其造化，每至冬至多是超，至十二三日又日閏也。

凡符頭 起算 數到二至為9則置閏。

置閏歌歌訣

置閏歌歌訣

閏奇閏奇有妙訣，神仙不肯分明說。

甲己二日號符頭，子午卯酉為上元。

寅申巳亥為中元，辰戌醜未下元節。

有時超過近一旬，便當置閏真妙訣。

要知置閏在何時，端在茫種與大雪。