基本介紹
- 中文名：約魯巴語
- 外文名：èdè Yorùbá
- 使用人群：約魯巴人
- 使用地區：西非
- 使用人數：超過2500萬
- 語種：方言連續體
語言信息,音系,約魯巴語原文,使用範圍,字母,常用語,
語言信息
音系
約魯巴語有三種可能的音節：單獨母（V）、子音+母音（CV）和母音化鼻音（N）。且每個音節都有三種聲調：高‹´›、中 ‹¯›（一般可不標明）和低‹`›。由'n̄ ò lọ'（意即“我不去”）這個句子可知約魯巴語的聲調結構：
n̄—[ŋ̄]—意即“我”、ò—[ó]—意即“不”、此為否定詞lọ—[lɔ]—意即“去”
母音
標準的約魯巴語具有七個非鼻化母音及五個鼻化母音。約魯巴語沒有雙母音，而多個並排的母音中，每個單獨的母音都為獨立音節，並以此發音。其他方言的母音數可能會有不同。
約魯巴語母音圖非鼻化母音以黑點表示其位置，鼻化母音以著色色塊表其可能的範圍
非鼻化音母 | 鼻化音母 | |||
前 | 後 | 前 | ||
開 | i | u | ĩ | ũ |
中閉 | e | o | ||
中開 | ɛ | ɔ | ɛ̃ | ɔ̃ |
開 | a |
第五個鼻化母音[ã]的狀態是具爭議性的。雖然此音出現於交談中，但一些作者認為此音不與其他音素對立；而此音也常常是[ɔ̃]的自由變體在書寫上，除非是在碰到作為/l/同位異音的[n]（見“子音”一節）出現在鼻化母音前的狀況，例如inú這個表“內部、度子”的字，它在事實上的發音是[īnṹ]。，不然一般常藉由在母音符號後加‹n›來表鼻化母音（i.e., ‹in›, ‹un›, ‹ẹn›, ‹ọn›）。
約魯巴語原文
使用範圍
Yorùbá jẹ ọkan lara awọn ede mẹrin ti o se itẹwọgba ni Naijeria o si jẹ ọkan lara awọn ẹka -ede ti Naija-Kongo. Bi i miliọnu mejilelogun eniyan ni n sọ ede naa ni iwọ oorun-mọ-guusu Naijeria, orilẹ ede Benin, Togo, Ilu Ọba (UK), ati ni Amẹrika.
字母
字母 | 與英語相對發音 |
a | English word 'ahh' |
b | English word 'bee' |
d | English word 'dee' |
e | English letter 'a' |
English sound of 'e' in 'let' | |
f | English word 'fee' |
g | English sound of 'g' in 'get' |
gb | Very 'hard sounding' 'b'. |
h | English word 'he' |
i | English letter 'e' |
j | English letter 'g' |
k | English word 'key' |
l | English word 'lee' |
m | English word 'me' |
n | 'nee' |
o | English letter 'o' |
English sound 'au' as in word 'fault' | |
p | Very hard-sounding 'p'. |
r | 're' |
s | English word 'see' |
English word 'she' | |
t | English word 'tea' |
u | English sound of 'oo' in word 'loose' |
w | English word 'we' |
y | English word 'ye' |
常用語
| 英語 | 約魯巴語 |
|---|---|
Welcome | Ẹ ku abọ |
Hello | Ẹ n lẹ |
How are you? I'm fine, thanks. And you? | ̣Se daadaa ni o wa? |
Mo wa daadaa, o ̣se. Iwọ naa n kọ? | |
Long time no see | O to ọjọ mẹta o |
What's your name? My name is ... | Ki ni orukọ rẹ? |
Orukọ mi ni…… | |
Where are you from? I'm from ... | Nibo ni o ti wa? |
Mo wa lati ... | |
Pleased to meet you | Inu mi dun lati mọ ọ |
Good morning | Ẹ ku aarọ |
Good afternoon | Ẹ ku ọsan |
Good evening | Ẹ ku alẹ |
Good night | O da aarọ |
Goodbye | O da abọ |
Good luck | Yoo dara o |
Cheers | Ayọ ni o |
Have a nice day | Oni a dara o |
Bon appetit | Ounjẹ ajẹye o |
Bon voyage | O da abọ . |
I don't understand | Ko ye emi |
Please speak more slowly | Jọwọ, rọra maa sọrọ |
Please say that again | Jọwọ, tun un sọ |
Please write it down | Jọwọ, kọ ọ silẹ |
Do you speak Yorùbá? Yes, a little | ̣Se o n sọ Yorùbá? |
Bẹẹ ni, diẹ | |
How do you say ... in Yorùbá? | Bawo ni o se le sọ ….. ni Yorùbá |
Excuse me | Ẹ ̣se fun mi |
How much is this? | Eelo ni eyi? |
Sorry | Pẹlẹ |
Thank you Not at all | O ̣se |
Ko to ọpẹ | |
Where's the toilet? | Nibo ni ile igbọnsẹ wa? |
This gentleman/lady will pay for everything | Alagba/Iyaafin yii yoo sanwo fun gbogbo rẹ |
Would you like to dance with me? | ̣Se iwọ maa ba mi jo? |
I love you | Mo nifẹẹ rẹ |
Get well soon | Da ara ya o |
Leave me alone! | Fi mi silẹ |
Help! Fire! Stop! | Ẹ gba mi o! Ina o! Duro nbẹ! |
Call the police! | Pe awọn ọlọpaa |
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year | Ẹ ku Ayọ Keresimesi ati Ọdun Tuntun |
Happy Easter | Ẹ ku Ayọ Ajinde |
Happy Birthday | Ẹ ku Ayọ Ọjọ Ibi |
One language is never enough | Ede kan ko to ri rara |
My hovercraft is full of eels | Ọkọ afategun-sare mi kun fun ẹja arọ |
