基本介紹
- 中文名：理查•休果
- 外文名：Richard Hugo
- 出生地：西雅圖
- 出生日期：1923
- 逝世日期：1982
理查·休果,未收集出版的新詩,Driving Montana,Distances,
理查·休果
1959年理查·休果與同門的卡羅琳·凱澤Carolyn Kizer等四人創辦很有影響的詩歌雜誌Poetry Northwest西北詩歌。其間，他在波音公司做各式工作，直到1963年離職重訪義大利。一年後回國，一直執教於蒙大納大學，1971年成為創作課程主任，1977年成為耶魯青年詩歌系列的評審和編輯，1980年患癌切除一葉肺，1982年突然死於白血病，時年58歲。墓碑上刻著他一首詩Glen Uig《谷坳》的最後一句：Believe you and I sing tiny/ and wise and could if we had to eat stone and go on （相信你與我唱得低微/ 又機智，而且假若迫不得已，我們也能吃石頭而向前）。
雖然他在大學任教十八年之久，但是他的詩歌卻與學院派無緣。他曾說：如果只讓我說學院派評家的一點不是之處，那么我要說：他們不相信自己的直接感受，他們覺得如果一種感受不能從學術上加以論證，那么就沒有合法性。他詩歌中的主題對象主要是太平洋西北岸的景物人情，他尤其擅長寫魚類、牧場以及荒棄的村鎮等。他曾說，一個詩人要想寫一首真正的詩，就不應該以人們通常認為應該用詩表現的事物為主題對象。他一生共出版十多部詩集，另有論文集與小說；曾兩度被提名國家圖書獎和普利茲獎。他死後出版的Making Certain it Goes On: The Collected Poems of Richard Hugo (1983, 1991)《確保其生生不息：理查·休果詩歌全編》收集了已出的單行本詩集以及未收集出版的新詩。
未收集出版的新詩
Degrees of Gray in Philipsburg
Richard Hugo
You might come here Sunday on a whim.
Say your life broke down. The last good kiss
you had was years ago. You walk these streets
laid out by the insane, past hotels
that didn't last, bars that did, the tortured try
of local drivers to accelerate their lives.
Only churches are kept up. The jail
turned 70 this year. The only prisoner
is always in, not knowing what he's done.
The principal supporting business now
is rage. Hatred of the various grays
the mountain sends, hatred of the mill,
The Silver Bill repeal, the best liked girls
who leave each year for Butte. One good
restaurant and bars can't wipe the boredom out.
The 1907 boom, eight going silver mines,
a dance floor built on springs--
all memory resolves itself in gaze,
in panoramic green you know the cattle eat
or two stacks high above the town,
two dead kilns, the huge mill in collapse
for fifty years that won't fall finally down.
Isn't this your life? That ancient kiss
still burning out your eyes? Isn't this defeat
so accurate, the church bell simply seems
a pure announcement: ring and no one comes?
Don't empty houses ring? Are magnesium
and scorn sufficient to support a town,
not just Philipsburg, but towns
of towering blondes, good jazz and booze
the world will never let you have
until the town you came from dies inside?
Say no to yourself. The old man, twenty
when the jail was built, still laughs
although his lips collapse. Someday soon,
he says, I'll go to sleep and not wake up.
You tell him no. You're talking to yourself.
The car that brought you here still runs.
The money you buy lunch with,
no matter where it's mined, is silver
and the girl who serves your food
is slender and her red hair lights the wall.
菲利斯堡鎮不同程度的灰色
理查·休果
你來這裡，可能是星期天的一時興起。
就算是你的生活拋了錨。上一次醉心的吻
已是多年前的事。你腳下的這些街道，
由瘋子們向你展示，你穿過一些賓館，
全都難以為繼，酒吧生意倒還不錯，當地的
駕駛員扭曲著臉，試圖加速自己的生命。
只有教堂都還保留完整。那座監獄今年
剛過七十華誕，惟一的囚犯總在裡面，
不知道自己到底犯了什麼案。
如今的支柱性產業是憤怒。
忌恨衝著那座大山送來的不同色調的
灰，衝著風車、銀礦法案的廢止、
衝著那些最為得寵的女孩，
她們每年都要去比尤特市。一家好飯店
以及幾座酒吧並不能將沉悶抹除。
1907年的興旺年頭，有八家銀礦在開採，
一家舞場整個就是建在彈簧上——
所有的記憶都在眼前煙消雲散，
四顧一片綠色，你知道還有牛羊在吃草、
或者有兩個大煙囪伸到鎮子上空、
兩座廢棄的礦窯，還有一座巨大的風車
搖搖欲墜，五十年了，還沒徹底倒下。
這不就是你的人生么？那個久遠的吻
仍然在焚燒你的雙眼？這場潰敗是否
如此準時，教堂的鐘聲簡直就是
一道純粹的公告：敲響了，卻無人聚集。
空蕩蕩的房子不會迴蕩么？鹼金屬
和不屑難道不足以支撐一個小鎮？
不僅是這菲利斯堡，而且還包括各式小鎮，
那兒有高挑的金色女人、動聽的爵士與酒，
而你都無法享用這一切，你必須等，這世界
要等到你自己的鎮子從內部死亡時才讓你擁有。
對你自己大聲說不。那個老傢伙，監獄
剛建時年方二十，如今雙唇已經乾癟，
可他仍會開懷大笑。他說，不久的將來，
我將眼睛一閉，再也不會醒來。
你對他說不。而你正在說給你自己聽。
將你帶到這兒來的汽車還沒熄火。
你用來買午餐的零錢，不管是
從哪兒開採出來的，都是銀子，
而那個為你端來飯菜的女孩
那么苗條，紅色的頭髮照亮了牆壁。
選自《確保其生生不息》第217-8頁
Driving Montana
The day is a woman who loves you. Open.
Deer drink close to the road and magpies
spray from your car. Miles from any town
your radio comes in strong, unlikely
Mozart from Belgrade, rock and roll
from Butte. Whatever the next number,
you want to hear it. Never has your Buick
found this forward a gear. Even
the tuna salad in Reedpoint is good.
Towns arrive ahead of imagined schedule.
Absorakee at one. Or arrive so late---
Silesia at nine---you recreate the day.
Where did you stop along the road
and have fun? Was there a runaway horse?
Did you park at that house, the one
alone in a void of grain, white with green
trim and red fence, where you know you lived
once? You remembered the ringing creek,
the soft brown forms of far off bison.
You must have stayed hours, then drove on.
In the motel you know you'd never seen it before.
Tomorrow will open again, the sky wide
as the mouth of a wild girl, friable
clouds you lose yourself to. You are lost
in miles of land without people, without
one fear of being found, in the dash
of rabbits, soar of antelope, swirl
merge and clatter of streams.
駛過蒙大納
理查·休果
那白日是一個女人，愛著你。開放。
鹿到靠公路很近的地方飲水，而喜鵲
從你的車上飛散。最近的村子也在
數英里之外，收音機很亢奮，難得的是
播放著貝爾格勒版的莫扎特，以及本州
比尤特市的搖滾。隨便調諧到哪個數字，
都還能令你聽一聽。你的別克車從未向前
轉動過一個齒輪。甚至像蘆葦岬這樣的
偏遠小鎮，也有很可口的鮪魚色拉。
市鎮搶在你想像的行程表之前到來。
一點鐘，阿布索拉基到了；或說抵達得
太遲——九點才到塞萊希亞——那天你
一直貪歡。你行駛於那條路，中途停在
何處尋歡？你是否看見一匹逃脫的馬？
駛過一片空闊的穀物中孤零零的白房子，
看它被綠色的樹籬和紅色的柵欄圍著，
你是否將車泊在那幢房子前，心想你
曾經在此住過？你記起了潺潺的小溪
以及野牛在遠處顯出淡褐色的形狀。
你肯定停了幾個小時，然後才繼續上路。
一進那家汽車旅館，你便知道你從未來過。
明日將再次打開，天空會遼闊得
猶如一個野丫頭的嘴巴，而易碎的
雲朵會令你迷失其中。你會迷失於
數英里毫無人煙的土地，這兒野兔
亂沖亂撞、羚羊跳躍飛奔，而溪流
淙淙、蜿蜒交匯，你絕不會被人發現。
選自《確保其生生不息》
Distances
Driving a prairie, we see a mill far off
and though clouds climbing out of the stack
pollute the air we find the sight lovely.
Horses on the rim of a distant rise
move faintly. We barely see them move
though they run wild. Or when a mile offshore
whales romp and spout, we admire
fountains in Rome, and the distant cathedral
that makes all daylit hours dawn. Artillery
lights a glorious horizon too far for us
to hear the thundering guns. We remain
out of earshot of scream.
Clouds bring rivers closer, bring closer
the homesteader's cabin, the antelope herd.
Clouds move on and the day opens to distance.
Animals are dots. They could be cattle or sheep.
Whatever, they no doubt graze safely and sky
drums wide. Whole symphonies live between
here and a distant whatever-we-look-at.
At night, what we can't see advances
fast and armed over the quaking plain.
All things came close and harmless
first thing this morning, a new trick of light.
Let's learn that trick. If we can, it will mean
we live in this world, neighbor to goat,
neighbor to trout, and we can take comfort
in low birds that hang long enough for us
to read markings and look up names
we'll whisper to them from now on.
距離種種
理查·休果
駛過牧場，遙遙可見一座風車，
雖說爬出煙囪的雲朵
玷污了天空，這景色仍然悅目可喜。
馬匹在遠方的坡頂邊緣
隱約地移動。我們卻難以看出它們在動，
雖然它們跑得很野。或者當離岸一哩外的鯨
頑皮地躍出、噴水，我們觀賞著
羅馬噴泉，還有遠處的大教堂，
它使得所有的日照時光化為黎明。炮兵
點亮了一條壯麗的地平線，太遙遠了，
我們聽不到如雷的槍聲。尖叫
無法觸及我們的耳鼓。
有了雲朵，河流更近了，牧場主人的
小木屋更近了，羚羊群也更近了。
雲朵未停，而白晝向遠方敞開。
動物都成了小點，可能是牛或者是羊。
不管怎樣，它們啃草無疑啃得安然，
而天空的鼓聲寬闊。多少部交響曲
演奏在眼前與我們目力所及的遠方之間。
入夜，我們不曾看到的一切
武裝起自己，在震動的平原上快速行進。
萬物走得近了，而今晨的第一件
無害之物，曦光的一個新詭計。
我們還是學會這詭計吧。如果能學會，
那將意味著我們活在這世界，與山羊為鄰，
與鱒魚為鄰。我們能欣悅於低飛的鳥兒，
看它們久久地浮懸在我們眼前，
辨別那翅紋，查閱出它們的名字，
從此之後我們就能對它們低語。
選自《確保其生生不息》第435頁
轉載自詩生活得一忘二的翻譯專欄“雕水之de”，譯者可能隨時修改專欄中的文字。
