特雷沃·平諾克

特雷沃·大衛·平諾克（Trevor David Pinnock，16th December,1946）是英國的指揮家，羽管鍵琴演奏家，管風琴演奏家和鋼琴演奏家。他最出名的是他與英國協奏團的音樂會。由於他在2003年辭去了英國協奏團首席指揮的職務，但他繼續他的職業生涯作為一個導體，與世界各地著名的樂團和唱片公司出現。因為他與歐洲的布蘭登堡協奏團錄製了巴赫的布蘭登堡協奏曲而贏得了留聲機獎，以紀念他60歲生日。

基本介紹

• 中文名：特雷沃·平諾克
• 外文名：Trevor Pinnock
• 出生地：英國坎特伯雷
• 出生日期：1946年

人物經歷

1946年生於英國坎特伯雷。自幼進入坎特伯雷教堂唱詩班，飽受音樂傳統薰陶。1963-1967年間入皇家音樂學院深造，主修羽管鍵琴和管風琴，均以優異成績獲得獎學金。1966-1972年間他自組了Galliard三重奏團（包括長笛、大提琴和大鍵琴三件樂器），這個以17、18世紀歐洲宮廷舞蹈命名的團體演奏也以那一時期的作品為主。此後的平諾克，迅速在大鍵琴領域崛起，他頻頻登台，或獨奏或重奏或與大樂隊交相輝映，還隨著名的聖馬丁學院管弦樂團到歐洲演出。其精湛的琴技遠近聞名，很快躍居英國大鍵琴界的第一把交椅。

指揮風格

古往今來，音樂中的各種“主義”往往都是針對音樂的創作而言，像人們熟知的“古典主義”、“浪漫主義”、“印象主義”、“表現主義”以及“新古典主義”等等。然而，本世紀60年代興起的“原本主義（也稱為“本真主義”）”,卻是直接針對音樂實踐而言的。這是一股返樸歸真的演奏風潮，風潮之下，巴羅克音樂得以復興，維瓦爾第們再次走紅，一批批早已被歷史埋沒的音樂古董紛紛面世和出籠。而演奏上：樂譜要講究用未經後人修訂的原手稿，樂器要用幾百年前的古樂器，連演奏或錄音的場地，也是或教堂或古堡的越原始越好。於是，人們從悠悠的古韻中覓得了陣陣舊而好的新感覺。特雷沃·平諾克便是營造這派古韻風潮中的佼佼者。

七十年代初期，英國的古樂器演奏風潮正興，平諾克看準這一契機，於1973年聯合一群有志從事古樂器演奏的年輕樂手組建了英國協奏團，自任指揮兼羽管鍵琴手，仍然以演繹17、18世紀的巴羅克音樂和早期古典時期音樂作品為主。更難能可貴的是，他們得到倫敦著名的維多利亞和阿爾伯特博物館的支持，得以使用這兩家博物館多年珍藏的古樂器。適逢這一年英國隆重舉辦巴赫音樂節，平諾克和他的樂團在音樂街上嶄露頭角，即使是苛刻的英國樂評界也給給予他們相當的好評，從此逐漸奠定了平諾克和英國音樂會樂團在巴羅克音樂演繹方面的權威地位。作為一名羽管鍵琴家，他經常通過鍵盤指揮他的樂隊（這種方式對於早期音樂的演繹是常見的），使他能夠運用精密的低音線條把樂隊的演奏緊緊凝聚在一起，顯示出嚴整的構築力。

和當代其它的古樂器演奏團不同，平諾克手下的這支古樂團只演奏18世紀以前、特別是巴羅克時代的作品，追求的是舊瓶老舊式的原汁原味。而同樣是古樂團，加迪納的革命與浪漫管弦樂團不僅回朔前古典的拉莫、巴赫、亨德爾，還觀瞻晚近的柏遼茲、馬勒、德沃夏克，這舊瓶裡面新舊兼收，也就多了幾種不同的顏色。至於諾靈頓的倫敦古典演奏家樂團，則主要演奏貝多芬以後的作品，這又該是“舊瓶裝新酒”的音樂風味。

作為英國協奏團的靈魂和指揮，平諾克堅持“原本”的真實和演奏風格的純正。對所演奏的每部作品，從樂譜到與其相關的各種文獻進行認真的研究和考證，以求揭開塵封，獲得其音樂上的真髓。20多年來，這支古樂團從小到大、不斷發展，除每年定期到歐美及亞洲等地舉行的音樂會外，還經常在許多世界著名的音樂節上登台。像雪斯維格—霍斯坦音樂節、聖西西里亞音樂節、愛丁堡音樂節等。1988年，樂團在薩爾茨堡音樂節上演出亨德爾的《彌賽亞》，受到好評。此後，便成為該音樂節的常客。而平諾克本人除主盟自己的古樂團之外，也涉足歌劇或客座於其它的樂團。1988年，他首次在紐約大都會歌劇院指揮亨德樂的《彌賽亞》。近年，與英美各大交響樂團也多有合作。1991年，他又出任加拿大國家藝術中心的音樂總監和首席指揮。

經典唱片

協奏曲

巴赫 6首布蘭登堡協奏曲

Archiv Produktion 423 492-2

巴赫 4首管弦樂組曲

Archiv Produktion 439 780-2

巴赫 歌德堡變奏曲

Archiv Produktion 415 130-2

巴赫 古鋼琴協奏曲

Archiv Produktion 447 709-2

科雷里 大協奏曲Op.6

Archiv Produktion 423 626-2

亨德爾 大協奏曲Op.3

Archiv Produktion 423 149-2

亨德爾 大協奏曲Op.6

Archiv Produktion 410 897-2

亨德爾 水上音樂

Archiv Produktion 410 525-2

維瓦爾第 四季

Archiv Produktion 400 045-2

獨奏曲

( Solo harpsichord )

By composer

J. S. Bach: toccatas 910 & 912, prelude and fugue in A minor BWV 894, fantasia in C minor BWV 906, chromatic fantasia and fugue BWV 903 (1978)

J. S. Bach: toccatas 911, 913-916 (1977)

J. S. Bach: Partitas for harpsichord BWV 825-830 (1985)

J. S. Bach: Partitas for harpsichord BWV 825-830, Hänssler Classics (1998-1999)

J. S. Bach: Goldberg Variations BWV 988 (1980)

J. S. Bach: Italian Concerto BWV 971, concerto after Vivaldi (op.3 no.9) BWV 972 and French Overture BWV 831 (1979)

J. S. Bach: French suite no.5 BWV 816, English suite no.3 BWV 808, chromatic fantasia and fugue BWV 903 and preludes and fugues BWV 846, 876, 881 from The Well-Tempered Clavier (1992)

Handel: harpsichord suites and chaconne HWV 434, 441, 436, 438, 435

Rameau: Complete harpsichord works, CRD records

Rameau: Les Cyclopes (Suites in A minor and E minor), Avie records (2005)

Scarlatti: Sonatas Kk. 46, 87, 95, 99, 124, 201, 204a, 490, 491, 492, 513, 520, 521; CRD

Scarlatti: Sonatas Kk. 460, 461, 478, 479, 502, 516, 517, 518, 519, 529, 544, 545, 546, 547 (1986)

Gibbons: The Woods so Wild (Vanguard 72021)

Collections

16th Century English Keyboard Music, CRD (1976) (1977)

A Choice Collection of Lessons and Ayres (17th and 18th Century English Keyboard Music), CRD

at the Victoria and Albert Museum, CRD (1974)

The Harmonious Blacksmith: Favourite Harpsichord Works (1983)

協奏曲

（Harpsichord concertos）：

J. S. Bach: harpsichord concertos BWV 1052-1058, concertos for 2, 3 and 4 harpsichords 1060-1065 (Kenneth Gilbert, Lars Ulrik Mortensen and Nicholas Kraemer, harpsichords 2-4) (1979-1981)

J. S. Bach: concerto for harpsichord, violin and flute BWV 1044 (on the recording 3 concerti) (1984)

J. S. Bach: Brandenburg concerto no.5 BWV 1050 (on his two recordings of the Brandenburg concertos) (1982 and 2006)

Sons of Bach harpsichord concertos: C. P. E. Bach: Wq.14, Wq.43; J. C. Bach/Mozart: concerto in D major; CRD (1974)

Arne: Harpsichord concerto no.5 in G minor (on A Grand Concert of Musick) (1979)

Haydn: Concerto for Harpsichord and Orchestra Hob. XVIII:11 (on Haydn: concertos and Pachelbel: Canon and Gigue) (1985)

Leigh: Concertino for Harpsichord and String Orchestra with Nicholas Braithwaite conducting the London Philharmonic Orchestra; he also plays in Leigh's Midsummer Night's Dream suite; Lyrita records (1980)

Poulenc: Concert champêtre with Seiji Ozawa conducting the Boston Symphony Orchestra (live recording), Deutsche Grammophon (1991)

室內樂

（Chamber music）：

J. C. Bach: 3 Quintets, Sextet (also playing fortepiano and square piano) with members of The English Concert (1988)

J. S. Bach: sonatas for flute and harpsichord BWV 1030-1032 with Stephen Preston (baroque flute) and sonatas for flute and continuo BWV 1033-1035 with the addition of Jordi Savall (viola da gamba), CRD

J. S. Bach: sonatas for flute and harpsichord BWV 1020, 1030-1032 with Jean-Pierre Rampal (modern flute) and sonatas for flute and continuo BWV 1033-1035 with the addition of Roland Pidoux (cello), CBS Records (1985)

J. S. Bach: sonatas for violin and harpsichord BWV 1014-1019 with Rachel Podger (violin) and BWV 1019a and the sonatas for violin and continuo BWV 1021, 1023 with the addition of Jonathan Manson (viola da gamba), Channel Classics (2000)

J. S. Bach: sonatas for viola da gamba and harpsichord BWV 1027-1029, 1030b (an early version of the flute sonata) with Jonathan Manson, Avie (2006)

Corelli: Trio Sonatas with members of The English Concert (1987)

Handel: Trio Sonatas with members of The English Concert (1985)

Rameau: Pièces de Clavecin en Concerts with Rachel Podger and Jonathan Manson, Channel Classics (2002)

Soler: Six Concertos for Two Keyboard Instruments (playing harpsichord and fortepiano) with Kenneth Gilbert (1979)

Wesley: Duet for Organ in C major with Simon Preston on his recording Early English Keyboard Music (1986)

The Punckes Delight and other seventeenth century English music for viol and keyboard (virginal and chamber organ) with Jordi Savall, Argo Records (1978)

管弦樂

（Orchestral works with The English Concert）：

By composer

C. P. E. Bach: 6 symphonies for strings, Wq.182 (1979)

C. P. E. Bach: flute concertos Wq.166 and Wq.167 (Stephen Preston, flute) (1980)

J. S. Bach: Brandenburg concertos (1982)

J. S. Bach: Brandenburg concertos with the European Brandenburg Ensemble, Avie (2006-2007)

J. S. Bach: Orchestral Suites nos. 1 & 3 (1978)

J. S. Bach: Orchestral Suite no. 2 and concerto for harpsichord, violin and flute BWV 1044 (Simon Standage, violin; Stephen Preston, flute) (1978)

J. S. Bach: Orchestral Suite no. 4 and Brandenburg concerto no. 5 (1979)

J. S. Bach: Orchestral Suites (Lisa Beznosiuk, flute) and cantata sinfonias BWV 110, 174, 249, 42, 52 (1993)

J. S. Bach: single and double violin concertos (Simon Standage, Elizabeth Wilcock, violins) (1983)

J. S. Bach: 3 concerti: concerto for oboe d'amore BWV 1055, concerto for oboe and violin BWV 1060 and concerto for harpsichord, violin and flute BWV 1044 (1984)

Boyce: 8 Symphonies, op.2 (1986)

Corelli: 12 concerti grossi op.6 (1988)

Fasch: Concertos and Orchestral Suite[(1995)

Handel: 6 concerti grossi op.3 (1984)

Handel: 12 concerti grossi op.6 (1985)

Handel: Water Music (1983)

Handel: Music for the Royal Fireworks and concerti a due cori nos.2 and 3 (no.1 is on Christmas Concertos) (1985)

Handel: Music for the Royal Fireworks (original version of 1749), concertos, occasional suite (1995)

Handel: Concerto grosso Alexander's Feast HWV 318, sonata à cinque HWV 288, concertos for oboe HWV 287, 301, 302a (Simon Standage, violin; David Reichenberg, oboe) (1984)

Handel: Overtures from Samson, il pastor fido, Agrippina, Alceste, Saul and Teseo (1986)

Handel: Organ concertos op.4, op.7 and HWV 295, 296, 304 (Simon Preston, organ) (1984)

Handel: Coronation Anthems (with Simon Preston conducting the choir of Westminster Abbey) (1982)

Handel: Dettingen Te Deum, Dettingen Anthem (with Simon Preston conducting the choir of Westminster Abbey) (1984)

Handel: Ode for St. Cecilia's Day (Felicity Lott, soprano; Anthony Rolfe-Johnson, tenor) (1985)

Handel: Italian cantatas: Silete venti HWV 242; Cecilia, vogli un sguardo HWV 89 (Jennifer Smith, soprano; John Elwes, tenor)

Handel: Messiah (Arleen Auger, soprano; Anne Sofie von Otter, contralto; Michael Chance, countertenor; Howard Crook, tenor; John Tomlinson, bass) (1988)

Handel: Belshazzar (1990)

Handel: Acis and Galatea in Mozart's arrangement K.566 (1991)

Handel: Tamerlano (2001); CD: Avie records (live recording, London), DVD: Arthaus Musik (live recording, Halle)

Haydn: concertos for oboe, trumpet and harpsichord (Hob.XVIII:11) (Paul Goodwin, oboe; Mark Bennett, trumpet; Trevor Pinnock, harpsichord) (1985)

Haydn: violin concertos; Salomon: Romance for violin (Simon Standage, violin) (1989)

Haydn: Stabat mater (1990)

Haydn: missa in angustiis (Nelson mass), te deum (1987)

Haydn: missa sancti Nicolai, Theresienmesse (1993)

Haydn: symphonies le matin, le midi, le soir, (nos. 6, 7, 8) (1987)

Haydn: Sturm und Drang symphonies (nos. 26, 35, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 58, 59, 65) (1989-1991)

Mozart: complete symphonies (1992-1995)

Mozart: Krönungsmesse "Coronation Mass", Exsultate jubilate and Vesperae solennes de confessore (1994)

Purcell: Dido and Aeneas (1991)

Purcell: Timon of Athens and Dioclesian (1995)

Purcell: King Arthur (1991)

Purcell: Odes: Come, ye sons of art, away; Ode for St. Cecilia's Day; Of old, when heroes thought it base (the Yorkshire feast song) (1989)

Purcell: choral works with the choir of Christ Church, Oxford, conducted by Simon Preston

Telemann: 3 Orchestral Suites for 3 oboes and bassoon TWV 55: C6 and B10, for 2 hunting horns TWV 55: D19 (1993)

Telemann: Suites, Concerto in D Major for 3 oboes & bassoon TWV 55: g4 and D1, for 3 trumpets TWV 54: D4 (1994)

Vivaldi: 12 concertos il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione op.8 (Simon Standage, violin); flute concerto RV 429, cello concerto RV 424; CRD records (1978)

Vivaldi: le quattro stagioni (Simon Standage, violin) (1982)

Vivaldi: 12 concertos for 1,2 and 4 violins l'estro Armonico op.3 (Simon Standage, Micaela Comberti, Elizabeth Wilcock, Miles Golding, violins) (1987)

Vivaldi: 12 concertos for violin la stravaganza op.4 (Simon Standage, violin) (1990)

Vivaldi: 7 concerti for woodwind and strings (1995)

Vivaldi: concerti alla rustica (1986)

Vivaldi: concerti l'amoroso (1987)

Vivaldi: 6 concerti for flute op.10 (Lisa Beznosiuk, flute) (1988)

Vivaldi: Gloria; A. Scarlatti: dixit dominus (1988)

Vivaldi: stabat mater, salve regina, nisi dominus (Michael Chance, countertenor); sinfonia for strings RV 169 (1995)

Collections

Christmas Concertos (1988)

Pachelbel: Canon and Gigue (1990)

A Grand Concert of Musick: English Baroque Concertos (1979)

Christmas in Rome: Vivaldi: Gloria; Corelli: Christmas Concerto; A. Scarlatti: O di Betlemme altera povertà (on video and CD) (1992)

Opera Arias by Mozart, Haydn and Gluck (Anne-Sofie von Otter, mezzo-soprano) (1995)

Oboe Concertos: C. P. E. Bach, Wq.165; Lebrun, no.1; Mozart, K.314. (Paul Goodwin, oboe) (1990)