大概的數目。或者用幾、一些、以下、余、成千、上萬、三四、多、來、左右、上下等來表示,如幾年、一些米、三十以下、十餘米、三十多米、十來天、一百步左右、四十歲上下;
或者拿數詞連用來表示,如三五個、一兩天、七八十人。
基本介紹
- 中文名:概數
- 基本解釋:大概準確的數字
- 反義詞:確數
- 古文中的表示:許多數字
- 現代文的表示:大約、左右等
- 英語中的表示:many、much
基本解釋,古文中的概數,現代文中的概數,數學中的概數,英語中的概數,概數和準確性,
基本解釋
【反義詞】 確數:確數就是準確的數。單個的數字也是確數。
大概的數,也就是說大概準確的數字。
在日常生活中,對於無法用精確數字加以確切描述的數貨量,一般都會用模糊的範圍加以預估,例如「大約」,「大概」,「左右」,「差不多」等的描述,都與概述有關.舉例來說,『現在的時間差不多12點』,『6年1班學生平均身高150公分左右』,這些都是日常生活中常使用且方便的概數用語。
古文中的概數
古文中,許多數字指的概數,而不是確數。
- 1、“三、六、九等數詞表示概數”
如:卷我屋上三重茅。——唐· 杜甫《茅屋為秋風所破歌》
一篇之中三致志焉。——《史記·屈原賈生列傳》
九設攻城之機變。——《墨子·公輸》
現代文中的概數
現代文中,使用“大約、左右、不下於、多……”來表示概數的意義。
如:
- 學校里大約有三千名學生。
- 這個孩子有十歲左右。
- 請寫一篇五千多字的文章。
數學中的概數
數學中,使用近似數來表示概數的意義。包括下面幾種形式:
- 精確到某個數位
- 保留幾位小數
- 保留幾個有效數字
英語中的概數
1.限定可數名詞的概數:
many, a good/great many, many a, (not/quite)a few, few, several, a ( good ) multitude of, a couple of, dozens of, scores of, a score of, hundreds/thousands/millions…of, a ( great/large ) number of, numbers of, a group of, a team of, one out of/in ten, a pack of( 一群)
Many hands make light work.眾人拾柴火焰高。
A great many guests were invited to dinner.邀請大批客人就餐。
many, a good/great many, many a, (not/quite)a few, few, several, a ( good ) multitude of, a couple of, dozens of, scores of, a score of, hundreds/thousands/millions…of, a ( great/large ) number of, numbers of, a group of, a team of, one out of/in ten, a pack of( 一群)
Many hands make light work.眾人拾柴火焰高。
A great many guests were invited to dinner.邀請大批客人就餐。
2.限定不可數名詞的概數:
a little, little, much, a bit of, a good/great deal of, a large/great amount of, amounts of
The English do not drink much wine.英國人飲酒不多。
Let’s have a bit of music.讓咱們來點音樂。
a little, little, much, a bit of, a good/great deal of, a large/great amount of, amounts of
The English do not drink much wine.英國人飲酒不多。
Let’s have a bit of music.讓咱們來點音樂。
3.限定可數或不可數名詞的概數:
some, any, a lot of, lots of, lots and lots of, plenty of, a great/large/vast/quantity of, quantities of, enough, no end of ( 不少)
If there is any trouble, let me know.如果有什麼困難要讓我知道。
What a lot of time you take to dress!你在穿戴上花的時間過多。
plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of等+ 可數與不可數名詞作主語時,不可數名詞的謂語只用單數,可數名詞的謂語視可數名詞的單複數而定。
例如:
1)Half of this building is to be completed by spring.
2)Half of the buildings have been painted completely.
3)There is plenty of water in the pail.
4)There are plenty of eggs in the box.
some, any, a lot of, lots of, lots and lots of, plenty of, a great/large/vast/quantity of, quantities of, enough, no end of ( 不少)
If there is any trouble, let me know.如果有什麼困難要讓我知道。
What a lot of time you take to dress!你在穿戴上花的時間過多。
plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of等+ 可數與不可數名詞作主語時,不可數名詞的謂語只用單數,可數名詞的謂語視可數名詞的單複數而定。
例如:
1)Half of this building is to be completed by spring.
2)Half of the buildings have been painted completely.
3)There is plenty of water in the pail.
4)There are plenty of eggs in the box.
4.使用表示概數意義的介詞:above,over,about,more than,less than,around等
I'll be back at around 5 o'clock.五點左右我就回來。
It's no more than one mile to the shops.到商業區不過一英里。
She died about two years ago.她大約在兩年前就死了。
I'll be back at around 5 o'clock.五點左右我就回來。
It's no more than one mile to the shops.到商業區不過一英里。
She died about two years ago.她大約在兩年前就死了。
概數和準確性
使用概數的意義是為了保證語言的準確性。合理運用概念,使語言更加科學準確。