《普通化學（英文版）》是2008年9月機械工業出版社出版的圖書，作者是（美）Jean B.Umland。
基本介紹
- 中文名：普通化學（英文版）
- 作者：（美）Jean B.Umland
- 出版社：機械工業出版社
- 出版時間：2008年9月
- 定價：99 元
- 開本：16 開
- 裝幀：平裝
- ISBN：7111148908
內容簡介,圖書目錄,
內容簡介
本書是一本優秀的普通化學教材。全書內容分為24章，主要是化學的基本概念、基本理論和基礎知識、從內容安排及理論深度上看，與我國現行的普通化學或大學教材基本相近，通俗易懂。
圖書目錄
1 Introduction
1.1 Observations and Conclusions
1.2 Physicaland Chemical Changes
1.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
1.4 The Scientific Method
1.5 Atoms
CHEMISTRY FROM THE FIFTH CENTURY B.C,
TO THE SIXTEENTH
CENTURY A.D.
1.6 Use of Models in Science
1.7 Symbols
1.8 The Periodic Table
1.9 Molecules and Ions
1.10 Naming Inorganic Compounds
1.11 Chemical Equations
1.12 Predicting Reactions
THE OLDEST REACTION
Summary Additional Practice Problems
Stop & Test Yourself Putting Things
Together
Applications What#s Wrong?
GUEST ESSAY: Bill Frist, Science and
Public Policy
2 Measurement
2.1 SI Units
2.2 Converting Units
RISK
2.3 Uncertainty in Measurement
2.4 Significant Figures in Calculations
2.5 Measuring Volume
2.6 Measuring Mass
2.7 Extensive and Intensive Properties
2.8 Density 50
THE DISCOVERY OF THE NOBLE GASES 53
2.9 Measuring Temperature 54
2.10 Measuring Time 56
2.11 Atomic Masses 56
2.12 Formula Masses 61
2.13 Amount of Substance 62
Summary 65 Additional Practice Problems 66
Stop & Test Yourself 68 Putting Things Together 69
Applications 70 What#s Wrong? 71
GUEST ESSAY: M. Cecilia Olavarrieta-Kuhn,
The Unknown
Adventure 72
3 Stoichiometry 73
3.1 Law of Conservation of Matter 74
3.2 More About Balancing Equations 75
WASTE DISPOSAL AND RESOURCES 76
3.3 Equations on a Macroscopic Scale 78
3.4 Mass Relationships in Chemical
Reactions 80
3.5 Limiting Reactants 83
3.6 Theoretical, Actual, and Percent
Yields 85
GREEN CHEMISTRY 86
3.7 Quantitative Analysis 88
3.8 Empirical Formulas from Percent
Composition 90
3.9 Molecular and Structural Formulas 92
3.10 Percent Composition from Formulas 95
Summary 96 Additional Practice
Problems 97
Stop & Test Yourself 100 Putting
Things Together 101
Applications 102 What#s Wrong? 104
GUEST ESSAY:. James A. Cusumano, Green
Chemist, Rock Star, and Entrepreneur
4 Reactions in Solution 107
4.1 Some Important Definitions 109
4.2 Electrolytes 112
4.3 Reactions Between Ions in Solution 115
4.4 Ionic Equations 118
4.5 Single-Replacement Reactions 120
4.6 Some Uses of Reactions in Solution 124
MATERIALS SCIENCE 126
4.7 Concentration Expressed as Percent 127
4.8 Molarity 129
NATURE#S SOLUTIONS 136
4.9 Stoichiometry of Reactions in Solution 137
4.10 Titration 139
Summary 142 Additional Practice Problems 143
Stop & Test Yourself 145 Putting Things Together 145
Applications 146 What#s Wrong? 148
GUEST ESSAY: Lynda Marie Jordan, Fighting Disease
Through Biochemistry 149
5 Gases 150
5.1 Pressure 152
5.2 Relation Between Pressure and Volume of a Gas 153
5.3 Relation Between Volume and Temperature
era Gas 158
5.4 Standard Temperature and Pressure 161
5.5 Gay-Lussac#s Law of Combining Volumes
and Avogadro#s Law 162
5.6 The Ideal Gas Equation 166
5.7 Using the Ideal Gas Equation to Solve Problems 167
THE IMPORTANCE OF GAS DENSITIES 170
5.8 Dalton#s Law of Partial Pressures 171
5.9 The Kinetic-MolecularTheory 175
5.10 Effusion and Diffusion Rates of Gases 178
5.11 Real Gases 179
Summary 182 Additional Practice Problems 183
Stop & Test Yourself 186 Putting Things Together 187
Applications 188 What#s Wrong? 190
GUEST ESSAY: Bernard A. Harris, Jr., M.D., Chemistry:
On Earth and Beyond 191
6 Chemical Thermodynamics:
Thermochemistry 192
6.1 System, Surroundings, and Universe
6.2 Why Changes Take Place 193
6.3 Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat
6.4 Lawof Conservation of Energy 197
6.5 Energy Units 197
6.6 Heat Capacity and Specific Heat 198
6.7 Measurement of Thermal Energy Gained or Lost
During Changes 200
6.8 Enthalpy 202
6.9 Hess#s Law 204
THE ENERGY PROBLEM 215
Summary. 216
Additional Practice Problems 217
Stop & Test Yourself 219 Putting Things Together 220
Applications 221 What#s Wrong? 222
GUEST ESSAY: Elvia Niebla, A Scientist Serves the Global
Environment 223
7 Atomic Structure 224
7.1 Discovery of the Electron 225
7.2 Determination of the Charge and Mass
of the Electron 227
7.3 The Nuclear Atom 228
7.4 Discovery of the Proton and the Neutron 230
7.5 Traveling Waves 230
7.6 Electromagnetic Radiation 232
7.7 The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom
ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY 242
7.8 The Wave Theory of the Electron 243
7.9 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
7.10 The Quantum Mechanical or Wave
Mechanical
Model of the Atom: The Schrddinger Equation 246
7.11 Electron Spin and the Pauli Exclusion Principle 248
7.12 Pictures of Orbitals 249
THE DIRAC EQUATION: A RELATIVISTIC MODEL
OF THE ATOM 253
Summary. 254 Additional Practice Problems 254
Stop & Test Yourself 256 Putting Things Together 257
Applications 258 What#s Wrong? 260
GUEST ESSAY: Sallie Baliunas, Chemistry and
the Stars 261
8 Electronic Structure
and the Periodic Table 262
8.1 Electron Configurations 263
8.2 The Periodic Table and Electron Configurations 267
8.3 Using the Periodic Table to Write Electron
Configurations 271
8.4 Atomicand Ionic Radii 275
8.5 Ionization Energy 278
8.6 Electron Affinity 282
8.7 Chemical Properties and the Periodic Table 284
MENDELEEV AND THE PERIODIC TABLE 290
8.8 Why Two Ways of Numbering Groups in the
Periodic Table? 292
Summary 293 Additional Practice Problems 294
Stop & Test Yourself 297 Putting Things Together 298
Applications 299 What#s Wrong? 301
GUEST ESSAY: Judy Williams-Howze, Chemistry and
Microscopic Marine Life 302
9 Chemical Bonds 303
9.1 Valence Electrons 304
9.2 Ionic Bonds 305
SALT 310
9.3 Showing Molecular Structure with Lewis Structures 311
9.4 Nonpolar and Polar Covalent Bonds 313
9.5 Electronegativity 314
9.6 More About Writing Lewis Structures 317
9.7 Bond Length, Bond Energy, and Bond Order 321
9.8 Formal Charges 322
9.9 Resonance Structures 325
9.10 Exceptions to the Octet Rule 328
9.11 Polymers 331
METHANE 333
9.12 MoreAbout Bond Energies 333
Summary 336 Additional Practice Problems 336
Stop & Test Yourself 339 Putting Things Together 340
Applications 341 What#s Wrong? 342
GUEST ESSAY: Sheri Zidenberg-Cherr, A
Nutritionist Uses Chemistry 343
10 Molecular Shape and Theory of
Chemical Bonding 345
10.1 Shapes of Molecules and Polyatomic Ions: The Valence
Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Model 346
10.2 Polarand Nonpolar Molecules 352
10.3 Introduction to Bonding Theory 356
10.4 The Valence Bond Method 359
THE CHEMISTRY OF VISION 364
10.5 Solution of the SchrOdinger Equation for the
Hydrogen Molecule 368
10.6 The Molecular Orbital Method 369
NITRIC OXIDE: A SIMPLE BIOCHEMICAL 376
10.7 Delocalized Electrons 377
10.8 Band Theory of Bonding in Solids 379
10.9 Molecular Spectra 380
Summary 382 Additional Practice Problems 383
Stop & Test Yourself 385 Putting Things Together 386
Applications 387 What#s Wrong? 388
GUEST ESSAY: L. Gene Spears, Jr., A Lawyer Uses
Chemistry 389
Il Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 390
11.1 Oxidation Numbers 392
11.2 Oxidation Numbers and the Periodic Table 395
11.3 Oxidation Numbers and Nomenclature 396
11.4 Identifying Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 398
11.5 Writing Equations for Oxidation-Reduction
Reactions 399
11.6 Disproportionation Reactions 408
11.7 Oxidation-Reduction Titrations 408
THE BREATHALYZER 410
11.8 Oxidation by Oxygen 411
THE OTHER FACE OF FIRE 413
11.9 Metallurgy 414
Summary 418 Additional Practice Problems 419
Stop & Test Yourself 421 Putting Things Together 422
Applications 423 What#s Wrong? 425
gUEST ESSAY: Carolyn Rebbert, A Geochemist Puts the Pressure on Minerals 426
12 Liquids, Solids, and Changes in State 427
12.1 A Kinetic-Molecular View of Liquids and Solids 429
12.2 IntermolecularAttractions 431
12.3 Properties of Liquids 436
12.4 Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point 442
12.5 Melting Points and Freezing Points 443
12.6 Heating and Cooling Curves 444
12.7 Phase Diagrams 447
12.8 Types of Crystals 451
LIQUID CRYSTALS 452
12.9 Arrangement of Units in Crystals 457
12.10 Crystal Structure from X-Ray Diffraction
Patterns 463
SOMETHING TO BRAGG ABOUT 464
12.11 Calculation of Atomic and Ionic Radii and
Avogadro#s Number 465
SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPES 468
12.12 Defects in Crystals 468
Summary 470 Additional Practice Problems#471
Stop & Test Yourself 474 Putting Things Together 475
Applications 477 What#s Wrong? 479
GUEST ESSAY: Raymond Oeanloz, Chemistry and
Planetary Interiors 480
13 Solutions Revisited 481
13.1 A Kinetic-Molecular View of the
Solution Process 483
13.2 Solubilities of Solids 489
13.3 Effect of Temperature on Solubility 491
THERMAL POLLUTION 492
13.4 Effect of Pressure on Solubility 493
13.5 Two More Concentration Units:
Molality and Mole Fraction 495
13.6 Raoult#s Law 498
13.7 Colligative Properties 502
13.8 Colloids 510
SEPARATION OF MIXTURES 514
Summary 517 Additional Practice Problems 518
Stop & Test Yourself 520 Putting Things Together 521
Applications 522 What#s Wrong? 525
Gust EssAY: Jim Williamson, Chemical Needs of
aSolar Engineer 526
14 Chemical Eguilibrium 527
14.1 Introduction to Chemical Equilibria 528
14.2 Equilibrium Constants and Equilibrium
Constant Expressions 529
14.3 Determination of Values of
Equilibrium Constants 537
14.4 Calculations Involving Equilibrium Constants 542
14.5 Using Le Chatelier#s Principle to Predict Shifts in
Chemical Equilibria 550
14.6 Some Industrially Important Chemical Equilibria 557
THE OXYGEN-HEMOGLOBIN EQUILIBRIUM 560
Summary 561 Additional Practice Problems 562
Stop & Test Yourself 565 Putting Things Together 567
Applications 569 Whats Wrong? 570
GUEST ESSAY:. Donna R. Rees, Forensic Science
and Chemistry 571
15 Acids and Bases 572
15.1 The Bronsted-Lowry Definitions 574
15.2 The Ion Product for Water, Kw 577
15.3 The pH and Other #p# Scales 579
15.4 Concentrations of Hydrogen Ions in Aqueous
Solutions of Acids 561
15.5 Concentrations of Hydroxide Ions in
Aqueous Solutions of Bases 586
15.6 Hydrolysis 591
15.7 The Common Ion Effect 594
15.8 Buffer Solutions 596
15.9 How Indicators Work 600
15.10 Titration Revisited 602
15.11 Polyprotic Acids 609
ACIDS AND BASES IN THE HUMAN BODY 611
Summary 613 Additional Practice Problems 614
Stop & Test Yourself 617 Putting Things Together 618
Applications 620 What#s Wrong? 621
GUEST ESSAY: Roberta Friedman, A Chemist Escapes
from the Lab 622
16 More About Equilibria 623
16.1 Predicting the Positions of Acid-Base Equilibria 625
16.2 Acidity, Basicity, and the Periodic Table 627
ACID RAIN 632
16.3 Lewis Acids and Bases 636
16.4 Equilibria Between Complexes and Their Parts 639
16.5 The Solubility Product Constant and Solubility 642
16.6 Factors Influencing the Solubility of Salts
and Hydroxides 645
16.7 Calculations Involving Ks, 649
16.8 Some Practical Applications of
Solubility Equilibria 652
Summary 656 Additional Practice Problems 657
Stop & Test Yourself 660 Putting Things Together 660
Applications 662 What#s Wrong? 663
GUEST ESSAY:. Mark Murcko, A Computational Chemist
in the Pharmaceutical Industry 664
17 Chemical Thermodynamics
Revisited: A Closer Look at Enthalpy,
Entropy, and Equilibrium 665
17.1 The Laws of Thermodynamics 666
17.2 Entropy 667
17.3 FreeEnergy 673
17.4 Temperature and Direction of
Spontaneous Change 673
17.5 Calculation of △G°from △H°and △S°675
17.6 Calculation of △G°from △G°676
ENTHALPY, ENTROPY, AND ACIDITY 677
17.7 Estimation of AG~ at Different Temperatures 679
17.8 Estimation of Temperature at Which Direction of Spontaneous Change Reverses 680
17.9 Calculation of AG for Nonstandard
Conditions 681
17.10 Standard Free Energies and Equilibrium
Constants 683
17.11 Free Energy and Useful Work 685
ORDER FROM DISORDER 686
Summary 687 Additional Practice Problems 687
Stop & Test Yourself 689 Putting Things Together 690
Applications 691 What#s Wrong? 692
GUEST ESSAY: Jeanette K. Wiegand, The Pharmacist Who
Hated Arithmetic 693
18 Chemical Kinetics: A Closer Look
at Reaction Rates 694
18.1 Rates of Reactions 696
18.2 Rateand Concentration 702
18.3 Finding Rate Laws 703
18.4 First-Order Reactions 708
18.5 Rate and Identity of Reactants 710
18.6 Rate and Solvent 710
18.7 Heterogeneous Reactions 711
18.8 Catalysts 711
18.9 Rate and Temperature 712
18.10 Theories of Reaction Rates 714
18.11 Reaction Mechanisms 717
18.12 How Catalysts Work 722
18.13 The Steady-State Approximation 725
18.14 Answers to Two Common Questions 725
THE KINETICS OF DRINKING 726
Summary 728 Additional Practice Problems 729
Stop & Test Yourself 733 Putting Things Together 734
Applications 736 What~ Wrong? 739
GUEST ESSAY: Mike Wong, Chemistry and the
Search for Blood Substitutes 740
19 Electrochemistry 741
19.1 Voltaic Cells 742
19.2 Standard Cell Potentials 746
19.3 Effect of Concentration on Cell
Potential 755
19.4 Free Energy and Cell Potential 759
19.5 Batteries 761
FUEL CELLS 764
19.6 Corrosion 764
19.7 Electrolytic Cells 768
19.8 Stoichiometry of Electrochemical Reactions 771
19.9 Practical Applications of Electrolysis 773
Summary 777 Additional Practice Problems 778
Stop & Test Yourself 780 Putting Things Together 781
Applications 783 What#s Wrong? 785
GUEST ESSAY: Lynda A. Zycherman, An Art Conservator
Looks at Chemistry 786
20 Nuclear Chemistry 788
20.1 Radioactive Decay Processes 790
20.2 Induced Nuclear Reactions 794
SEABORG AND THE TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS 796
20.3 Rates of Nuclear Reactions 797
20.4 Factors in Nuclear Stability 801
20.5 Radioactive Decay Series 805
20.6 Energy Changes Accompanying
Nuclear Reactions 806
20.7 Fission 813
20.8 Fusion 816
20.9 Biological Effects of Radiation 817
20.10 Uses of Radionuclides 820
20.11 Synthesis of the Elements 823
Summary 826 Additional Practice Problems 828
Stop & Test Yourself 830 Putting Things Together 831
Applications 832 What#s Wrong? 834
GUEST ESSAY: Frank A. Gomez,
gioorganometallic Chemistry:
Working at a Scientific Interface 835
21 A Closer Look at Inorganic
Chemistry: Nonmetals and Semimetals
and Their Compounds 836
21.1 Hydrogen 838
HYDROGEN AS A FUEL 842
21.2 Water 843
21.3 Oxygen 850
EARTH#S ATMOSPHERE 852
21.4 Sulfur 854
21.5 Nitrogen 858
21.6 Phosphorus 864
21.7 Carbon 866
21.8 Silicon 870
21.9 Chlorine 876
Summary 880 Additional Practice Problems 881
Putting Things Together 882 Applications 885
What#s Wrong? 888
GUEST ESSAY: William R. Jenkins, A Brewer
Uses Chemistry 889
22 A Closer Look at Organic
Chemistry 891
22.1 Occurrence of Organic Compounds 893
22.2 Hydrides of Carbon 894
22.3 Stereoisomers 897
22.4 Why There Are So Many Carbon Compounds 904
22.5 Alkanes 907
22.6 Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 910
22.7 Functional Groups 915
22.8 Mechanism 920
PETROLEUM 926
22.9 Synthesis 927
22.10 More About Polymerization 928
22.11 Physical and Chemical Properties of Polymers 933
Summary 935 Additional Practice Problems 936
Stop & Test Yourself 940 Putting Things Together 942
Applications 945 What#s Wrong? 947
GUEST ESSAY: Todd A. Blumenkopf, An Organic Chemist in the Pharmaceutical Industry 23 A Closer Look at Biochemistry 951
23.1 Proteins 952
PRIONS 959
23.2 Polysaccharides 960
COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 961
GLYCOPROTEINS 963
23.3 Nucleic Acids 963
23.4 Lipids 969
23.5 Energy in Living Systems 972
Summary 973 Additional Practice Problems 974
Putting Things Together 975 Applications 976
What#s Wrong? 977
GUEST ESSA#r: Milt Mathis, A Materials Scientist
Uses Chemistry 978
24 A Closer Look at Inorganic
Chemistry# Transition Metals
and Complexes 979
24.1 Transition Metals 981
24.2 Observations of Complexes and Coordination
Compounds 986
24.3 Stereoisomerism in Complexes 988
24.4 Polydentate Ligands and Chelate Complexes 991
24.5 Constitutional isomerism in Complexes 992
24.6 Nomenclature of Complexes 994
24.7 The d Orbitals 996
24.8 Bonding in Complexes 997
24.9 Stability and Lability of Complexes 1004
24.10 Uses of Transition-Metal Complexes 1005
24.11 Alloys 1006
SUPERCONDUCTORS 1007
Summary 1008 Additional Practice Problems 1009
Stop & Test Yourself loll Putting Things Together 1012
Applications 1015 What#s Wrong? 1016
Appendices
A Nomenclature A.1
B Mathematics Needed for General Chemistry A.5
C Properties of Water A.21
D Thermodynamic Data for Selected
Substances at 298K A.22
E Top 50 Substances Produced by the
Chemical Industryin 1995 A.24
F Balancing Equations for
Oxidation-Reduction
Reactions by the
Change-in-0xidation-Number
G Method A.26
Calculation of Ksp A.31
H Answers to Text Problems A.34
Index I. 1
